Abstract This paper discusses one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, the discovery of the helical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). According to the paper, Watson revealed this discovery in his book, 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA'. This paper reviews Watson's book and the fact that DNA was not discovered by a single person, nor by a group of scientists. The DNA discovery was the result of a complex series of advancements, discoveries and inspirations by many independent groups.
From the Paper "Watson next goes on a series of European excursions and vacations; including being able to finally listed to Pauling. When he returns to Cambridge in the fall, Watson exhibits less preoccupation with DNA, and hears of the discovery by some bacteriologists that some bacteria actually reproduce sexually. This causes Watson to muse that the microbial genetics of them could be understood within a few years after DNA's structure is discovered. In the meantime, Watson writes that Franklin's X-Ray data "were getting prettier and prettier," (Watson 148). Furthermore, he credits her with obtaining the data indicating that the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA was actually on the outside of the molecule; still, "She gave no sign . . . of liking helices any better," (Watson 148). Watson continues to explain his faith-based understanding of DNA when he writes, "The idea of the genes' being immortal smelled right," (Watson 153). After this leap of inference, however, Watson learns that Pauling is about to unveil another discovery regarding DNA; this worries most everyone at Cambridge. "
Abstract The paper analyzes the initiation ceremony for Alpha Delta Pi, (formerly the Adelphian Society of Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia), which is considered a secret among all of the national members. The paper further examines the founding and structure of the first secret society for women, in an American University.
From the Paper "The initiation ceremony for Alpha Delta Pi, (formerly the Adelphian Society of Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia) is considered a secret among all of the national members. What is known is that part of the ceremony consists of a dinner with the membership, and that the initiation process is completed over one full day of activities. Alpha Delta Pi further will allow some members to process through an "abbreviated" ceremony, though no pubic information exists on their ritual to date. Leslie Driggers, President of the Zeta Chi chapter of Alpha Delta Pi stated, Alpha Delta Pi's initiation consists of a beautiful ceremony that has been handed down for generations since 1851. Alpha Delta Pi was the first secret society for women ever founded at the first college chartered to grant degrees to women."
Abstract With globalization of so many industries in order to compete, it is time for Alpha Company to draw up some specific plans to move out of the British orbit and use the locations, the manufacturing plants and distribution advantages to grow. This paper outlines the optimum international policies for Alpha company to follow in order to compete successfully and profitably. The strategies include: Creating consumer demand outside Britain, utilizing the quality and experience of confectionery-making, building brand awareness, setting Alpha products apart from domestic competition and hiring experienced international marketing experts to hasten globalization.
From the Paper "In order to create international presence and build the business, we need to look beyond retail outlets. We need to examine the most important new retailing activity, namely, "e-commerce". This means shopping and purchasing goods on the internet. The user of personal computers is growing world-wide, and Alpha company's products need to be fully represented. We can ship products from convenient distribution centers that we have established, and will establish in key centers, well beyond our current locations in South Africa, Australia, and the Netherlands. It will mean increasing the manufacturing capacity in our United States location. And, while one may think that expansion is costly, for internet commerce it will be most cost effective."
Reviews James D. Watson's "The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA" from the viewpoint of his involvement with Dr. Linus Pauling.
Abstract Although James Watson is the main protagonist and hero of his book "The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA", this paper reviews his scientific and personal relationships with Dr. Linus Pauling The author describes an episode from the book in which Pauling meets Watson and is joined by Watson's sister Elizabeth, whom Watson wants to hook up with Pauling, not knowing that he was already married. The paper is written creatively in the voice of Dr. Pauling.
From the Paper "One day when Watson was doing his research in Copenhagen working on his DNA discoveries, he received some journal articles that I had written, that were sent over from the U.S. He later told me when we met in London that he did not understand everything I was saying in the language of lab chemistry, but that he liked some of my interesting sentences. He said that when he writes his book to tell the world how he discovered the DNA secrets, he would write it in a way that would be fun to read even for a person not up to speed in deep math and chemistry."
Abstract This paper examines the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in helping the elderly overcome the deleterious effects of the aging process in terms of its impact on cognitive and physical functions, as well as their ability to remain in their own homes as long as possible in an independent living arrangement. The findings of the research are followed by a summary and recommendations in the conclusion.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Physical and Cognitive Problems Associated with the Aging Process Gender and Racial Factors in Aging
Components of a Successful Aging Process
Impact of Aging Process on Caregiver and Family
Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Resolving Age-Related Problems
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Table 1. Summary of Identified Benefits of Current Anti-Dementia Pharmacological Approaches.
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper "World-wide figures on aging reveal the increasing size of the global older population (Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001). The elderly, who are generally defined as over the age of 65 years, number approximately 420 million today and will exceed one billion world-wide by the year 2030. In virtually every country in the world, the elderly population is growing faster than the overall population (United Nations, 2000). This phenomenon is occurring in both developed and non-developed countries (Gort, 1988; Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001; United Nations, 2000). In terms of absolute numbers the United States, together with China, the former Soviet Union, and India, will have over half of the world's elderly population in the 21st century (Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001; United Nations, 2000). In fact, by 2025, it has been estimated that there will be over one billion older people worldwide. Social gerontologists and geropsychologists have also identified significant changes in the social contract and how the effects of globalization are increasingly impacting the elderly in America."
Tags: aging, alternative, america, elderly, graying, medicine, memory, security, social
Abstract In this paper the author, an employee himself at the Alpha Company highlights the trends surrounding the success of the Alpha Company and how it can improve in the future. He examines how the company has succeeded in certain areas and also where its weaknesses are and how they can be addressed. The paper concludes with the author's recommendations of how to increase market share through good strategic management and highlights where the focuses should be. Executive Summary The Planning Process Strategic Planning Initial Expansion Projects Recommendations Conclusions
From the Paper "In the Alpha Company's case, these shows, quite clearly, that while we are considered large within our home nation - the UK - after over fifty years of operation we have only been able to penetrate to a 20% Market-share worldwide despite all the expansions, acquisitions and movements into other nations. The reasons for this lack of progress are myriad in scope but can be traced backward over time to the period when we were a tightly held private company."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the two men who worked together, merging data from chemistry, physics, and biology to produce the DNA model the double helix, which earned them the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology.
From the Paper "The Cambridge setting is where Watson first met Francis Crick, a man that was as influential to the discovery of the double helix structure as Watson himself. Watson and Crick soon began having daily lunches to discuss the many aspects of DNA. One point of view that brought them together was their mutual stress on DNA over proteins, which many scientists thought proteins to be more important. Watson and Crick shared an attraction to DNA, and when they wound up in the same University of Cambridge lab, they bonded. To summarize the events after their collaboration, "They used several models and a trial and error method to make their historical discovery" (Portugal 264). Watson drifted from pure science into administration. As director of the molecular-biology lab at Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., he turned it into a scientific powerhouse. He also served as "head of the Human Genome Project, absorbing some fallout from the high-energy ethical debates whose fuse he and Crick had lighted nearly four decades earlier" (Watson 1). "
This paper discusses how "The Scientist" is viewed, using 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA' by James Watson.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, 2005, $ 26.95
Abstract This paper discusses the portrayal of "The Scientist" in James Watson's 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA'. The article reflects a view of science as a highly competitive field in which scientists are men (Watson's scientists being generally male, with the notable exception of Rosalind Franklin) driven by a mingling of competition and collaboration. As this essay demonstrates, the view of scientists in this account is of flawed, if often great, human beings whose achievements are the product of cross-fertilization in a community of scholars driven by personal ambition and personality.
From the Paper "The portrayal of "The Scientist" in James Watson's 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA' reflects a view of science as a highly competitive field in which scientists are men (Watson's scientists being generally male, with the notable exception of Rosalind Franklin) driven by a mingling of competition and collaboration. As this essay demonstrates, the view of scientists in this account is of flawed, if often great, human beings whose achievements are the product of cross-fertilization in a community of scholars driven by personal ambition and personality."
Abstract This paper examines "The Things They Carried" by Tim O' Brien, the story of 12 soldiers, members of the Third Platoon, Alpha Company, Fifth Battalion of the 16th Infantry, 198th Infantry Brigade of the American Division in the Vietnam War of 1969. It looks at how O"Brien relates his and his companions" desolate and fatal experiences during that war and how he uses those experiences to explore the complications of memory and trauma, the most lasting of the things he and his companions endured, and which have remained with him to this day. It examines how it lists the many things they carried into war that were more real and terrifying than bullets, guns, grenades, and disease, such as the deaths, injuries, and sicknesses, and the overall brokenness they had to face in fighting.
From the Paper "O"Brien gives major focus on the death of his closest friend, Kiowa throughout the book. It was a freak incident in that his own platoon killed him by mistake when it camped in a latrine on the banks of the song Tra Bong. It was plain to see why the author held Kiowa closest to his heart: Kiowa shared his sentiments about the cruelty of war. Kiowa was also a very compassionate and intelligent man, but precisely because of the kind of soul he was that O"Brien gave greater coverage of Kiowa's very costly death than his life. It was a gutting loss he carried with great pain and could never get over with."
Abstract This paper covers the current understanding regarding the molecular events that culminate to cause dopamenergic neuronal cell death in Parkinsons. It draws on a number of excellent reviews and focuses particularly on the role of alpha-synuclein and the lewy body, while exploring the ubiquitination pathway that is also implicated. It also explains much of the underlying science behind many treatments previously and currently used.
From the Paper "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of the dopamine neurons in the pars compacta. This leads to over activation of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia and development of the Parkinsonian symptoms. The molecular pathology responsible for the dopamenergic neuron degradation is a highly investigated and controversial area. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed the presence of intracellular inclusions in these neurons called Lewy bodies. These lewy bodies have a high level of alpha synuclein, which is also found on the presynaptic terminals in neurons and has unknown function in humans. Studies in songbirds have hinted at a role in synaptic plasticity."
Abstract This report begins by briefly discussing issues of ethics in the real estate
environment and then moves on to assess themes that are brought up in Foster's book and provides a brief analysis of the specific text. The report then continues to address issues of business ethics from the writer's own analysis and point of view, which is one that values ethics and reputation in the real estate working environment over making quick money without integrity. This point of view happens to be synchronized with Foster's and has a positive message about the value of ethics.
From the Paper "Professional competence is related to issues of professional relationships. Generally, competence can be measured by an individual's ability to work inside of their known boundaries and not try to overstep or exceed them. One can be the judge of one's own competence. Professional relationships can also, at times, be an effective evaluation of competence. Competent individuals are dynamically involved in providing helpful solutions to their clients, and are always in a state of learning from their ever-changing environment. The book Alpha Male draws the line between competence and incompetence in ethical terms, and has a positive message about ethics and reputation meaning more than just the financial bottom line."
Abstract This paper discusses radiological dispersion devices (RDDs) and analyzes how easy they are to access and to construct. The paper then discusses which nations are likely to have access to RDDs. In addition, the paper analyzes the effects that can be expected for those who are exposed to an explosion of RDD and the damage that they cause in the form of gamma, beta and alpha emitters.
From the Paper "One other nation that comes to mind is Iran. This country's harboring of terrorist organizations (just the sort of organizations that are most likely to utilize RDD weaponry) is commonly-known but what is arguably less-appreciated (at least by the general public) is its close historic relationship to the aforementioned Russia. To wit, Russia has historically made many contributions to Iran's nuclear weapons program and is generally perceived as a nation that enjoys a substantial diplomatic relationship with Iran (Orlov & Vinnikov, 2005). As a result, it is quite easy to see terrorist organizations residing within Iran - and looking for low-tech and cost-effective weapons to unleash upon the west - using Iranian contacts within Russia to secure RDDs. At the very least, radioactive material such as Strontium-90 can find its way within Iran's borders from Russia with troubling ease."
Abstract The paper considers how diversity can be used by the Alpha healthcare organization to improve performance. The paper provides a literature review and highlights the need for the organization to define diversity, develop a plan and actively manage diversity. The paper concludes with the author's personal reflection on the impact of finding a solution to the company's current situation.
Outline:
Introduction
Problem
Literature Review
Analysis
Solutions
Reflection
From the Paper "Performance in the organization is an essential element that is critical to overall success. Without a high level of performance, the organization faces considerable challenges in terms of developing its workforce, culture and operations. Despite the importance of performance in the organization, efforts to improve performance often do not focus on the diversity as a key issue to improve outcomes in this area. Rather, organizations are often more concerned with more concrete metrics which will allow for the quantitative development of the workforce along lines that have clear benefit for the bottom line. What happens in an organization that has exhausted clear quantitative metrics for the development of its operations? Answering this question appears to require a more integral understanding of "soft" variables which contribute to the organization's overall success."
Abstract This paper describes proteins which are enzymes, and an experiment carried out to measure the optimal pH and temperature of the reaction between the enzyme alpha-amylase and starch. The author explains that enzymes are natural biochemical catalysts that selectively speed up chemical reactions. These enzymes can be greatly affected by the pH and temperature of the environment they are in and have optimal conditions in which they work most efficiently. Using light spectrometry and a variety of pH levels and temperatures to find a maximum efficiency of this protein, the author recorded absorbance levels to show the optimal pH and temperature of this reaction.
Outline
Abstract
Materials and Methods
Discussion
From the Paper "The experiment was done with variations in two different environmental factors, pH and temperature, and separate data were taken for each. For both experiments, a blank was prepared using 5mL distilled water and 0.1mL of I2KI indicator placed in a cuvette. This cuvette was used to set the spectrophotometer to zero absorbance with the wavelength set at 560nm. 0.1 mL of I2KI indicator was placed in 11 cuvettes for each experiment. For the temperature variation, six different water baths were made at 15, 30, 45, 55, 60, and 70 C. In each water bath a solution of 35mL starch and 35mL distilled water was mixed in an Erlenmeyer flask and allowed sufficient time to reach the given temperature."
Abstract This paper analyzes the concept of the right to freedom, the value of freedom and the right to freedom of association. The paper focuses specifically on the case of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. According to the paper, the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity was denied establishment due to the fact that they would violate the institution's gender-discrimination policy.
Table of Contents:
I: Facts
The Right to
II. Issue
III. Argument
IV. Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "At the time the First Amendment was conceived, it was known as: "Article the Third." When Virginia joined eight other states to ratify the Bill of Rights 215 years ago, two of the initial 12 amendments had already been abandoned. On Dec. 15, 179, the First Amendment claimed its place in history. (McMasters, 2000)"
"The verdict of the case to be argued on behalf of plaintiff, Alpha Epsilon Pi, that this organization's First Amendment rights have been violated, similarly claims a noteworthy space in today's time in history. "
Tags: College, of, Staten, Island, discriminate, membership, gender, First, Amendment
