Abstract
This paper discusses one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, the discovery of the helical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). According to the paper, Watson revealed this discovery in his book, 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA'. This paper reviews Watson's book and the fact that DNA was not discovered by a single person, nor by a group of scientists. The DNA discovery was the result of a complex series of advancements, discoveries and inspirations by many independent groups.

From the Paper
"Watson next goes on a series of European excursions and vacations; including being able to finally listed to Pauling. When he returns to Cambridge in the fall, Watson exhibits less preoccupation with DNA, and hears of the discovery by some bacteriologists that some bacteria actually reproduce sexually. This causes Watson to muse that the microbial genetics of them could be understood within a few years after DNA's structure is discovered. In the meantime, Watson writes that Franklin's X-Ray data "were getting prettier and prettier," (Watson 148). Furthermore, he credits her with obtaining the data indicating that the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA was actually on the outside of the molecule; still, "She gave no sign . . . of liking helices any better," (Watson 148). Watson continues to explain his faith-based understanding of DNA when he writes, "The idea of the genes' being immortal smelled right," (Watson 153). After this leap of inference, however, Watson learns that Pauling is about to unveil another discovery regarding DNA; this worries most everyone at Cambridge. "

Tags:Maurice, Wilkins, Rosalind, Franklin, Linus, Pauling, Francis, Crick, alpha-helix, scientific

Abstract
The paper reviews the text "The Double Helix" by James Watson that gives an autobiographical view of the process of the discovery of the structure of DNA. The paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of this text in the history of science. The paper starts with a brief summary of the text, and a description of the scientific episode it describes. Then the writer critically evaluates whether the format of the text (an autobiographical account of historic events) is appropriate for the particular episode it presents, and why this is the case. The paper also briefly examines if a personal memoir is generally suitable for a work in the history of science.

Tags:dna, watson, memoir

Abstract
Although James Watson is the main protagonist and hero of his book "The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA", this paper reviews his scientific and personal relationships with Dr. Linus Pauling The author describes an episode from the book in which Pauling meets Watson and is joined by Watson's sister Elizabeth, whom Watson wants to hook up with Pauling, not knowing that he was already married. The paper is written creatively in the voice of Dr. Pauling.

From the Paper
"One day when Watson was doing his research in Copenhagen working on his DNA discoveries, he received some journal articles that I had written, that were sent over from the U.S. He later told me when we met in London that he did not understand everything I was saying in the language of lab chemistry, but that he liked some of my interesting sentences. He said that when he writes his book to tell the world how he discovered the DNA secrets, he would write it in a way that would be fun to read even for a person not up to speed in deep math and chemistry."

Tags:nobel prize

Abstract
In this paper the author, an employee himself at the Alpha Company highlights the trends surrounding the success of the Alpha Company and how it can improve in the future. He examines how the company has succeeded in certain areas and also where its weaknesses are and how they can be addressed. The paper concludes with the author's recommendations of how to increase market share through good strategic management and highlights where the focuses should be. Executive Summary The Planning Process Strategic Planning Initial Expansion Projects Recommendations Conclusions

From the Paper
"In the Alpha Company's case, these shows, quite clearly, that while we are considered large within our home nation - the UK - after over fifty years of operation we have only been able to penetrate to a 20% Market-share worldwide despite all the expansions, acquisitions and movements into other nations. The reasons for this lack of progress are myriad in scope but can be traced backward over time to the period when we were a tightly held private company."

Tags:products, board, directors, corporate, planning, proactive, competition

Abstract
This paper examines the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in helping the elderly overcome the deleterious effects of the aging process in terms of its impact on cognitive and physical functions, as well as their ability to remain in their own homes as long as possible in an independent living arrangement. The findings of the research are followed by a summary and recommendations in the conclusion.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Physical and Cognitive Problems Associated with the Aging Process Gender and Racial Factors in Aging
Components of a Successful Aging Process
Impact of Aging Process on Caregiver and Family
Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Resolving Age-Related Problems
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Table 1. Summary of Identified Benefits of Current Anti-Dementia Pharmacological Approaches.
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Bibliography

From the Paper
"World-wide figures on aging reveal the increasing size of the global older population (Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001). The elderly, who are generally defined as over the age of 65 years, number approximately 420 million today and will exceed one billion world-wide by the year 2030. In virtually every country in the world, the elderly population is growing faster than the overall population (United Nations, 2000). This phenomenon is occurring in both developed and non-developed countries (Gort, 1988; Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001; United Nations, 2000). In terms of absolute numbers the United States, together with China, the former Soviet Union, and India, will have over half of the world's elderly population in the 21st century (Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001; United Nations, 2000). In fact, by 2025, it has been estimated that there will be over one billion older people worldwide. Social gerontologists and geropsychologists have also identified significant changes in the social contract and how the effects of globalization are increasingly impacting the elderly in America."

Tags:aging, alternative, america, elderly, graying, medicine, memory, security, social

Abstract
This report begins by briefly discussing issues of ethics in the real estate
environment and then moves on to assess themes that are brought up in Foster's book and provides a brief analysis of the specific text. The report then continues to address issues of business ethics from the writer's own analysis and point of view, which is one that values ethics and reputation in the real estate working environment over making quick money without integrity. This point of view happens to be synchronized with Foster's and has a positive message about the value of ethics.

From the Paper
"Professional competence is related to issues of professional relationships. Generally, competence can be measured by an individual's ability to work inside of their known boundaries and not try to overstep or exceed them. One can be the judge of one's own competence. Professional relationships can also, at times, be an effective evaluation of competence. Competent individuals are dynamically involved in providing helpful solutions to their clients, and are always in a state of learning from their ever-changing environment. The book Alpha Male draws the line between competence and incompetence in ethical terms, and has a positive message about ethics and reputation meaning more than just the financial bottom line."

Tags:big, corporate, dog, economics, ethical, sex, socrates

Abstract
This paper explains the term germline manipulation and discusses this method of genetic engineering. Gene manipulation techniques are discussed, as well as the challenges and uncertainties that gene therapy might bring with its advantages. The paper studies the laws and rights governing germline manipulation in countries such as Canada and China. With the view that germline manipulation represents an infinite potential for treating genetic diseases such as Huntington's, the paper advocates more flexible laws, support and research so that future generations can reap the benefits that germline technology has to offer. This paper includes figures.

Outline:
Comparison of Gene Manipulation Techniques
What is Nuclear Cloning?
Use of Animals
Techniques Used
Hope For Huntington's disease
Opposition
Fearing the Future
Opportunity to Cure
Laws and Rights
An Open future
Recommended readings

From the Paper
"The strongest drive built into every living organism is survival, consequently it should be of no surprise that we want to be healthy and live longer. Life is a tricky term to define. If we do attain the power of immortality by engineering our genes to keep replicating indefinitely, then will we still be alive? Then again cancer cells replicate indefinitely, yet ironically their immortality leads to our death. Such are the reasons why one must take caution when approaching newly developing technologies like germline therapy."

Tags:genetic engineering bioethical rights, gene therapy

Abstract
A critical analysis of cloning as a scientific process. The author discusses the use of humans as guinea pigs and the purposes this serves. Possible applications are investigated which are compared and contrasted to other uses of cloning.

From the Paper
'There was a time when life meant something, families were respected, and so were individuals. Now however these fundamental parts of our society are being threatened by people who would like to open Pandora's box and use an experimental process in genetic engineering known as cloning human beings. Cloning is by no means simple and in order for it to be perfected, it would mean taking on the perspective of using humans as guinea pigs. If this is ever done what purpose would it serve? An in depth look is to be taken of the above process. Possible applications will also be investigated. These uses will then be compared and contrasted to other uses of cloning. By doing so it is hoped that a greater understanding will be gained of how cloning presently affects society and how it could soon affect our lives. Perhaps it will help us decide whether or not to open Pandora's box and maybe to prevent our humanity from being demeaned."

Tags:dolly, embryos, ethics, insulin, medicine, organs, science

From the Paper
"James D. Watson, in The Double Helix, presents the account of the remarkable and significant scientific discovery of the building block of human existence. As such, the book is certainly careful to cover the fundamental biological aspects of the story. However, just as important is the author's determination and ability to make the story a fascinating, human drama. This is not a dry, technical study of a scientific breakthrough presented by and for only those with vast scientific knowledge. To the contrary, any lay reader even vaguely interested in science, if he or she gives this book a chance, will not only learn the basics of DNA, its significance and its discovery, but will also be rewarded with an exciting story about human beings in a most dramatic set of circumstances.
As the author of the foreword to the book notes, this story...

Tags:SCIENCE, GENETICS, BOOK, REVIEWS, NON-FICTION