Abstract
This paper discusses the sentiments of alienation and xenophobia demonstrated by Gregor Samsa and his family in Franz Kafka's novella, "The Metamorphosis". Gregor's transformation into a dung beetle and the increasingly intolerant treatment of him by his family is considered through Gregor's changing relationship with his body and his place within the family. These issues are related to the changing social relationships in modern life.

From the Paper
"Franz Kafka's novella, "The Metamorphosis", can be seen as a commentary on the tensions of life experienced during the modern era. It was written in 1915 in Eastern Europe and likely responded to the concerns of Kafka's day, including World War One and the advent of urban industrial expansion. Kafka's interest in the ways in which social roles define how we live and interact with one another still resonates today. "The Metamorphosis" provides specific examples of the ways in which individuals and societies come in conflict with each other, fostering uneasy relationships between those considered "insiders" and those considered "outsiders." The themes..."

Tags:kafka, metamorphosis, alienation

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the basis of Karl Marx's theory of alienation is still a relevant concept for defining the role of "human nature" within a capitalistic society. The writer maintains that often religion and other forms of deceptive historical identities will be imposed on the working classes by the bourgeois. In many cases, these abstracted definitions of human nature alter and separate working people from one another. The writer discusses that this forces the proletariat to become a mere commodity of production, which can easily be controlled by the ruling classes.

Tags:alienation

Abstract
A look at Marx' theories about alienation and exploitation of workers and how they relate to our current society

From the Paper
"Karl Marx was born in the early ...s, two centuries later, his theories on economics and the way that human beings are organized into classes continue to influence the way we look at the world. I believe that Marx' theories about the alienation of labor and the adversarial relationship between workers and the capitalist class can clearly be seen in our society today. One of Marx' central beliefs was that the capitalist system exploited workers. A central part of this exploitation was the idea that the Capitalist system alienated workers..."

Tags:workers, marx, alienation, exploitation, inequality, income

Abstract
This paper analyzes the plot of Franz Kafka's, "Metamorphasis" and examines the protagonist's transformation as a form of alienation. The paper goes on to explain that the transformation represents the protagonist's transformation as a way of pursuing his own personal desires, which personally had went unfulfilled.

From the Paper
"Accordingly, Kafka paints the scene with such endearment and potency. The reader must be touched with such empathy as they visualize Gregor crawling up to Grete and pulling at her skirt while he deeply believes that she might spend the night with him, that he might kiss her on the neck and pay homage to her for taking over the duties of the household. At the same time, the violin is playing and filling the room with so much passion that one can hardly stop themselves from thinking of what sensual events could have taken place if the entire circumstances would have been different. When knowing of Kafka's own rejections, the reader can appreciate how Kafka has painted the ultimate scene of futility. The more the fantasy is heightening in Gregor's mind, the more the reader realizes how the metamorphosis condition will render the cruel reality of alienation."

Tags:bug, transformation, insect, narrative, alienation, death

Abstract
The paper first examines the transition from traditionalism and modernism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the emergence of capitalism. Both Rousseau and Marx underscored the importance of the individual, free will and the concept of alienation as the important characteristics that defined modern society between the 18th and 19th centuries. This paper takes an in-depth look at "The Origin of Civil Society" and "The Communist Manifesto," and provides a comparative analysis of Rousseau's and Marx's points about modernism, centering the discussion on each author's interpretation of the concept of alienation as the prevalent human condition in capitalist societies.

From the Paper
" Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries signified the period wherein a transition from traditionalism and modernism emerged. Within these periods, Western society gave birth to new ideologies, which demonstrated humanity's gradual subsistence to individualism and assertion of one's free will. With the advent of a new socio-economic order--that is, capitalism and inherently, modernism--Western society changed radically. What was once a society dominated by Christian traditions, beliefs, and principles was gradually replaced with the empirical and rational nature of modernism. Social institutions' power and influence gradually weakened, as people became more assertive of their individualism, gaining more recognition of their importance as members of the society than the institutions' influence."

Tags:worker, social, progress, elite, class, alienated, oppression, social, contract, communist, manifesto, man, is, born, free, and, everywhere, he, is, in, chains

Abstract
This paper discusses Karl Marx's theory of alienation, one of the most important concepts that can be found in his work. The writer provides a definition of alienation,and distinguishes four types of alienation in Marx's work, explaining them in detail. According to Marx, alienation is a result of the capitalist society in which private property divides people into owners and workers, and is the estrangement that people undergo in relation to their fellowmen, their work and their products. The influence of other philosophers on Marx's theory is also discussed, and how his theory differs from theirs. The paper also looks at some new political ideologies which arose from Marx's theory, and how these have altered the meaning of his concept of alienation.

Outline:
Alienation, Definition
Human Nature
Capitalist Reality
Alienation- types
The Roots. Feudalism.
Capitalism - Characteristics
The Division of Labour
The Alienation of the Worker From His Own Species-Essence/Species-Being
The Alienation Between Workers
The Alienation of the Worker From His Product
Uses of the Theory
Conclusions

From the Paper
"While his view was socialist, the philosopher also supported the existence of a political democracy. On the one hand, the individual had to be helped in his endeavours and be provided with all his rights and liberties. On the other hand, the individual had to assert his freedom through the exercise of his rights. In other words, humans must be aware of their own condition as well as of the world which surrounds them and the facts which occur, decide what are the best actions to be performed and last, but not least perform them."

Tags:proletariat, Hegel, Feuerbach, freedom, creativity, resources, individualism, solidarity

Abstract
This paper discusses the philosophies of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx, particularly with respect to their concepts of alienation. It defines each man's conception of alienation and then discusses the respective political projects of each through the eyes of each man's conception of alienation. It discusses how their views affected the society around them.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Marx on Alienation
Rousseau on Alienation
Marx' Alienation Applied to Project
Rousseau's Alienation Applied to Project
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Both Rousseau and Marx developed independent theories of alienation that were compounded into political thought that shaped history and allowed each to be active participants in political and social change. Each had a vision of the alienation of the individual by various means of either force (Marx) or choice (Rousseau) that demonstratively affected the manner in which political and social thought emerged in their various circles. Marx, at the heart of the socialist revolution became a leading figure in Russian Reform, while Rousseau's political ideologies helped grease the wheels of the French revolution, and later reform in Poland. In brief, Marx believed that the individual was alienated as product of being separated from the means of production, by the force of control of the owner. While Rousseau believed that alienation was a choice made by those who chose to live in and build a society based on his form of social contract theory. (Smith, 2006, p. 270)"

Tags:revolution, collectivism, capitalism

Abstract
Alienation is often the result of our own behavior. This paper examines three poems that focus on this perspective - "The Book of Thel" and "The Mental Traveler," by William Blake and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The paper shows that in "The Book of Thel," fear becomes the motivating factor for Thel, who chooses to withdraw from the world rather than become involved with it. In "The Mental Traveler," men and women are responsible for the alienation each feels because of their treatment of each other. The paper shows that in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," man alienates himself because of his own selfish behavior. Each poem focuses not only on the theme of alienation, but how mankind gets to that point. In so doing, each poet hopes to convey how we can avoid alienation if we learn from the mistakes of others.

From the Paper
"The theme of alienation is reinforced as the mariner begins to understand that there are consequences for his actions. To make matters worse, the mariner suffers because of a very careless act. One of the first things that the mariner learns is that one's actions can have a definite impact on others. The mariner's crew begins to suffer almost immediately after the mariner kills the albatross. We are told that "no sweet bird did follow,/Nor any day for food or play/Came the mariners hallo!" (Coleridge 88-90)."

Tags:psychology, crew, mortality, repetition

Abstract
Author Franz Kafka had been subject to intense alienation during his lifetime and therefore it is natural that alienation is a recurring theme in his writing. The paper shows that "The Metamorphosis" operates at three levels. The first is that of an allegorical tale that brings out the brutal alienation faced by the protagonist. At the second level ,close parallels are drawn with Kafka?s own life, thus portraying the alienation faced by him. Finally, the paper shows that the book is a statement about those people who try to express their individuality and how they are subdued by society.

From the Paper
"Society demands conformity and the individual who resists this assault on his identity faces alienation. The individual then searches for freedom from the restrictions of society. But society responds by coming down more strongly on him and the vicious circle continues. In his allegorical novel, The Metamorphosis, Kafka narrates this "predicament of modern man" [1] with telling effect. The protagonist of the story was alienated from society even before his metamorphosis, but his transformation to a "monstrous vermin" takes the alienation and search for freedom on a different plane. The reader can identify with the theme more easily and clearly because of the metamorphosis."

Tags:Gregor, Samsa, Grete

Abstract
This paper states that alienation, the feeling of being isolated from communities, friends and family, jobs, and even oneself, is a common theme in modern-day literature, especially in the literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The paper briefly reviews the theme of alienation in each book: "Notes from Underground" (Dostoevsky), "The Metamorphosis" (Franz Kafka) and "Diary of a Madman" (Lu Xun). The author of this paper feels that understanding alienation in literature is important because of the problems of alienation in our contemporary society.

From the Paper
"In making the connection between the theme of alienation and pathology, it is significant to point out that in Notes from Underground, the main character is suffering from a liver disease, but refuses to seek medical treatment for it. He knows that this act is only hurting himself, but he does not care. His sense of principle outweighs his sense of self-preservation. He chooses to alienate himself from society at large and in so doing, take some measure of control over his life. However, this control is illusory. The main character may attempt to console himself by believing that he is alienating society rather than the other way around, but the fact remains that the alienation, regardless of its source, is destroying him."

Tags:anomie