Abstract
This paper discusses various aspects of the ancient Egyptian city of Alexandria, including its geographic features of its location, details of its population and their occupations, the nature and significance of religion and the structure of secular authority. It also investigates the city's cultural, artistic and architectural achievements. The study concludes by drawing attention to the importance of Alexandria and its civilization to the study and understanding of ancient cultures around the globe.

Abstract
This paper explains that Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who had an insatiable desire for the luxury of books, transformed the Library of Alexandria, which was started by his father Ptolemy I Soter, into the world's biggest and best organized collection of knowledge. The author points out that Zenodotus, who he appointed as "bibliophylax" ("custodian of the books)", instituted a modern shelving system, invented alphabetization and sorted the rolls according to the nature of their contents. The paper concludes that, while the Library ushered in an era of intellectualism and produced and preserved texts, which laid the groundwork for more than two millennia of scholarship, the Library was not regarded as a public institution of education but rather as a way to please the king's intellectual inclinations and to act as a monument to the greatness of Egypt.

From the Paper
"Philadelphus was "fair-haired and delicate in health" with a "peculiar thick neck." Besides books, his other great indulgence was women and his lust for both can be expressed in similar terms. He was "a noble patron of science, literature, and art, as well as a man of pleasure" and he "alternated the company of his mistress with that of his philosophers, poets, and men of science." He was a "lover of all that is beautiful and of literature." While subsequent kings of Egypt would broaden the Library's mission to include the sciences, Philadelphus kept his collection inline with his passion and ..."

Tags:cross-referencing, zenodotus, callimachus, aristeas, soter

Abstract
In this article, the writer refers to Hellenic influence carried over by Philo and St. Augustine. The writer discusses various concepts of the citizen, social order and violence. The writer looks at virtue versus secular order.

From the Paper
"Philo of Alexandria (25 BCE - 45 CE) and St. Augustine (354 - 430 CE) knew different states of affairs within the Roman Empire offering much opportunity for reflection on the proper social order and matters of violence. This paper introduces a few repeated concepts produced by both as they indicate strong differences however much the Roman Catholic Church through centuries would refer to one or the other when seeking foundations for decisions addressing political violence among numerous other topics."

Tags:philosophy, monotheism

Abstract
The author of this paper discusses how the essential doctrinal and theological differences between Antioch and Alexandria were defined by the basic teachings of Christology. In Antioch it can be summed up that the essential humanity of Christ and his teachings were espoused in all forms of belief and doctrinal worship, in Alexandria Christ's spiritual and God like nature was stressed. These essential differences formed the basis of the rivalry that existed in the early centuries of the first millennium.

Tags:antioch, alexandria, theology

Abstract
This paper explains that, in the 5th century, Socrates inhabited the Greek polis, a world in which every man was less important than the collective whole of the city-state; whereas, Callimachus, in 3rd century Alexandria, lived in a period, when intellectual thought and reasoning were highly regarded. Socrates' intention of keeping in check the morals and wisdom of the men of Athens was seen as a personal attack not only against the individual but also against the state, the author underscores. The paper suggests that, if Socrates had lived during the rise of Alexandria, he would have been seen as a saint rather than the devil.

From the Paper
"Callimachus, on the other hand, did live in that period, when intellectual thought and reasoning was highly regarded and something that someone could make a living at rather than have it control their lives. Being born into a prominent family, he perhaps was more inclined to be accepted into the society of intellectuals of that period that perhaps Socrates would have. His entry into the court of Ptolemy II was smooth due to his existing connections and from there he was able to enter the Museum, an institution that allowed the pursuit of intellectual thought and writing to morph into a full time profession ."

Tags:intellectualism, treason, museum, cataloging, crowd

Abstract
This paper analyzes the Good Samaritan Parable (Luke Chapter 10.25-37) from the New Testament. The paper studies the parable from the point of view of three different people: St. Augustine, Origen, and Clement of Alexandria. The paper also relates to the historical and cultural aspects of the Parable.

Tags:Augustine, Origen, Clement, of, Alexandria, Allegorical, exegesis, bible, religion

Abstract
This is a comprehensive book review of Justo L. Gonzalez, "The Story of Christianity: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation". The author tells us how Gonzalez's book relates very clearly the details of the disagreement that took place in 325 C.E. The author starts by telling us that the emperor Constantine called around 300 bishops to the Asia Minor city of Nicea, with the primary objective of settling a heated debate that had arisen in Alexandria some time earlier. The author tells us that Gonzalez's book is an examination of the arguments that took place and the personalities involved. He looks at both sides of the arguments that are presented and highlights how this has affected modern day church thinking. But, in conclusion, the author reminds us that it is important to remember that the Christian search is a search for the objective, absolute truth of God.

From the Paper
"In reply to the possible objection that the term 'Godhead' signifies a nature and not an action, Gregory argues that the indivisibility of the nature makes the claim that God is Three nonsensical. A nature is an immaterial thing without "bodily appearance, and size, and place, and difference in figure and colour...That which is not thus circumscribed is not enumerated, and that which is not enumerated cannot be contemplated in multitude." In other words, it makes no sense to say that God's nature, which is an immaterial concept, has the number three, much as it would make no sense to say that human nature has a color."

Tags:objective, position, view, goal, problem, dogma, council, strength

Abstract
Michael Grant's "Cleopatra" is an interesting read both in terms of subject matter and style. Cleopatra was a powerful woman who, while reigning in Alexandria, Egypt, had affairs with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony. Traditional history has tended to superficially dismiss her as a powerful seductress. While Grant's book is written in an academic style, it helps debunk the common misperception regarding Cleopatra and demonstrates that she was a skilled administrator who attempted to salvage Egypt from Roman domination.

Abstract
The writer gives a brief description of the fundamental tenets of the two ethical perspectives before analyzing the case directly. The paper first looks at the 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who held that morality is based on deontological theories?specific and foundational principles of obligation. The other philosophy addressed is that of Clement of Alexandria, who taught virtue ethics.

From the Paper
"In Virtue ethics, morality is derived from externally-imposed rules, such as "don't kill," or "don't steal." Therefore, individuals are acting correctly only when they conform with rigidly defined rules. By following these rules, they will develop good habits of character ("Ethics"). In this paper, the text "Who is the Rich Man that Shall be Saved," by Clement of Alexandria, will be used to represent the ethical perspective. God's will and salvation are the external elements that shape the laws of morality in this case. Therefore, people are encourage to developed the "soul's virtue" in order to claim the "prize" of salvation. Otherwise, they faced the threat of being destroyed by God (Clement of Alexandria 307). Therefore, the ideal rich man in this description is one who uses his possessions wisely by generously extending them to others in need. Therefore, he shows that he is not enslaved to his possessions; instead, he holds the wealth in his soul and is therefore in touch with God's spirit (Clement of Alexandria 303)."

Tags:virtue, God, obligation, rules, character

Abstract
The original list of the Seven Wonders was compiled when the city of Egypt was the center of Western civilization. This paper describes how over time the list of Wonders became regularized, the finalists being the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesos, the Mausoleum at Halicamassus, the Colossus of Rhodes and the Pharos at Alexandria. The writer looks in detail at each wonder.

From the Paper
"The first Wonder of the World is the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. The Great Pyramid was built over a twenty year period. The site was first prepared, and then blocks of stone were transported and placed. An outer casing was then used to smooth the surface. Although it is not known how the blocks were put in place, several theories have been proposed. One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction proceeded. A second theory suggests that the blocks were placed using long levers with a short angled foot. The online Wikipedia Encyclopedia says, "There is enough blocks in the pyramid to build a wall 10 foot tall, all the way
the country of France" (Seven 1). The Great Pyramid is one of the most important because it has withstood weather conditions and aging."

Tags:civilization, monuments, pyramid, history, construction