Abstract
This paper explains that Alexandre Dumas' storyline in his book "Man in the Iron Mask" follows the theory that the man in the iron mask is the identical twin to Louis XIV, who was in a power struggle for the crown. The paper points out that the two main settings of the French Court and the Bastille are essential to the theme of plot. The paper also points out that, although there are many ways in which Dumas stretches the reality of not just the characters involved but also the history of France itself to accommodate his telling of conspiracy and suspense, over the years, no one has been able to resolve if this book is truth or fiction.

Table of Contents:
Plot Summary
Settings
Reality v Fiction

From the Paper
"The French Court also serves to contrast the life between the privileged wealthy, the middle class - like the Musketeers - who are allowed to mingle with the wealthy, but whose own fortunes and social position prevent them from being elevated to the highest levels of society. It does, however, afford them enough freedom and power to be able to assist in carrying out the plot to switch the prisoners. In fact, the middle class Musketeers are essential to a successful plot against the king. This is true in Dumas' story, as it would be in reality."

Tags:twin, mystery, musketeers, conspiracy, bastille

Abstract
This paper analyzes the the themes of hope and patience as seen in "The Count of Monte Cristo" by Alexandre Dumas. Ultimately it is the protagonist, Edmond Dantes, who must embody these traits in order to transcend his imprisonment and go on to lead a productive life. The paper further describes Dantes' revenge at the end of the novel as an empty experience. Other characters in the novel are explored, especially Abbe Faria,who was Dantes' mentor. The paper concludes by describing the novel as a philosophical exploration of morality and personal justice.

From the Paper
"As the protegee of Abbe Faria, Dantes undergoes a transition that will essentially render nonexistent the innocent and ignorant young man who enters the Chateau d'If. With no way to pass the hours of his days but to learn, Dantes' time in prison is spent amassing the power of wisdom. The brilliant Faria is not simply essential to initiating an education that would shape the boy into a hardened man but also for endowing him with the wisdom to see the truth of his situation. A former political dissident himself, Faria has an intuition not afforded to his young prison-mate. But as he helps Dantes to understand the plot which had him incarcerated, he provokes a change which will shape the direction of the rest of the novel."

Tags:Alexandre Dumas, Abbe Faria, Edmond Dantes, historical novels

Abstract
This paper examines the romantic and rational ideals as seen in 19th century literature, using Alexandre Dumas' "The Three Musketeers" as an example. The paper gives a basic plot summary and character analysis of the novel. The paper shows three incidences from the novel that demonstrate forms of romantic and rational chivalry which reflect male-female relationships. The author concludes by describing when rational versus romantic chivalry was necessary in the novel.

From the Paper
"This balance of both romanticism and rationalism is evidenced in the novel, "The Three Musketeers." Written in the mid-19th century, "Musketeers" chronicled the life of the protagonist d'Artagnan and his path towards being a true Musketeer, with the help of the 'three Musketeers' Athos, Pathos, and Aramis. Prevalent among the themes tackled in the novel was the theme of chivalry, a romanticist ideal that puts importance on how males regard female members of the society. However, the theme of chivalry was also shown to assume 'traces' of both romanticism and rationalism. That is, while chivalry was still the norm followed in the novel, this characteristic was motivated by the rational thoughts of d'Artagnan and the three Musketeers as protectors not only of the King and his family, but most importantly, of civil society from offenders and criminals."

Tags:Alexandre, Duman, Three, Musketeers

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the classic novel, "The Count of Monte Cristo", by Alexandre Dumas to the 2002 film adaptation of this work. First, the paper notes how the plot had to be simplified and several characters eliminated in the film version because of the complexity of the novel. Then the paper explores various themes found in the work, particularly those of jealousy and revenge. According to the paper, these themes were represented differently in the novel as opposed to the film version. Next, the paper examines how the characters in the film and novel differ, especially that of Villefort. The paper concludes by noting how in film the plot must remain at a quick pace, while in a novel the pace is determined by the reader.

From the Paper
"One of the themes in the novel is jealousy, and in fact this could be said to be the driving force behind almost all of the actions taken in The Count of Monte Cristo. Danglars, Fernand Mondego, and Caderousse are all jealous of Dantes, which is why they develop the plot to imprison him. When Dantes escapes and becomes wealthy, a certain type of jealousy can be seen in his complicated and drawn out revenge plot. He is mostly getting back at these men for what they did to him, but he punishes the wealthy offenders far more than the now-poor Caderousse. In a way, it seems as though it is Dantes' jealousy of what these men were able to accomplish while he languished in a prison that causes him to behave the way he does for so long."

Tags:Villefort, Dantes, Danglars, Mondego, Caderousse

Abstract
An analysis of "The Three Musketeers" by Alexandre Dumas that will give a summary, an analysis of the events with quotations, as well as an evaluation of the book being studied. By analyzing these features, we can learn why Dumas wrote this book.

Abstract
The paper provides a synopsis of Alexandr Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman", the drama "Boris Godunov" and the tale of "Boris and Gleb". The paper describes the profoundly Christian morals of "Boris and Gleb" which defined early middle ages Russia, the political tribulations behind the accession to the throne in imperialistic Russia of the 17th century depicted in "Boris Godunov" and the social consequences of Russian expansionism as suggested through metaphors in "The Bronze Horseman". The paper also shows how each of these three literary works are valuable pieces of literature as well as testimonials of their eras.

From the Paper
"Before writing plays, Pushkin was an accomplished poet. But then he discovered Shakespeare and his manner of writing changed forever. Although his plays were revolutionary, the state of the theater during Pushkin's time was not favorable to his writings mainly because people went to the theater to see old-fashioned historical tragedies and the French vaudeville that was penetrating the Russian theater scene. Moreover, the theater lacked good Russian plays on Russian themes despite the fact that the Russian theater was never short of good playwrights. "

Tags:tradition, religion, Christianity, history, Tsar, throne

Abstract
This paper discusses how anthropomorphism is a time-honored literary and visual device that has been used to satirize and comment on the human condition. The paper explores this subject and attempts to show how anthropomorphism functions in the works of three visual artists. The three artists are Art Speigleman, John Tenniel and Alexandre Gabriel Decamps. Together with illustrations of their work, the paper examines how Speigelman used this method to make a vivid and strong statement about the human condition and the propensity for human cruelty and injustice in history. The paper also looks at how John Tenniel and Alexandre Gabriel Decamps have employed anthropocentricism to expose pretention in culture and to express their views about society.

Outline:
Introduction
Speigelman
John Tenniel
Alexandre Gabriel Decamps

From the Paper
" Sir John Tenniel was well known as an illustrator and is possibly best known today from his cartoons and caricatures for Punch magazine. He is also renowned for his illustrations in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. Tenniel used anthropomorphism and caricature to comment on human foibles and ultimately as a means of questioning and satirizing the society of the time. For example, he satirized nationalistic and patriotic concerns, such as the conflict and tension between England and Ireland. He achieves this by making use of animals and other graphic metaphors to express his views.
"He created numerous cartoons and caricatures of political life and of members of parliament, depicting some members of government with vulture's heads and other anthropomorphic devices to satirize geed, incompetency and the abuse of power. The following illustration is a clear indication of the way that he represented the difficult and obstinate Irish land question by using the image of a bull to symbolize these qualities."

Tags:Art, Speigleman, John, Tenniel, Alexandre, Gabriel, Decamps

Abstract
The writer of this paper attempts to define the true meaning of work while questioning whether or not people actually value their work or if they're in fact averse to it. The writer contends and explains why the concept of 'meaning of work' refers to the effectiveness of an enterprise as well as a sense of significance in a larger structure. This paper analyzes the pivotal role of work in comparison to leisure, community, religion and family activities. This paper details the views and perceptions of various social scientists, in American and around the world, regarding this specific topic. This paper delves into the elaborate research of William Whitely regarding work values in England, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Yugoslavia, the U.S., Japan and Israel. This paper discusses an analysis by Alexandre Ardichvili which indicates one of the first attempts to explore the meaning of working in countries that move from centrally planned to market driven economies. This paper also examines the Meaning of Work (MOW) Study as well as its results, which gathered proof relating to the manner in which cultural, societal and individual factors form the work ethic. The MOW International Research Team has created a work centrality index that prioritizes the responses from people in different nations in terms of their commitment to work and the magnitude of their identity with their work, which is detailed in this paper.

From the Paper
"Allocating responsibility, building a varied and interesting work environment and particularly permitting autonomy all supplemented considerably to enhanced level of work centrality. Neither, positive work incidents like enhancement in salary and working environment along with developed interpersonal associations not negative work incidents like elimination of employment and extended unemployment result in individual work centrality. The life incident of marriage did not influence work centrality of men or women. The pregnancy and birth gives rise to the decline of absolute work centrality among women like that in 1993 work centrality was considerably lower among women those experienced childbirth, in contrast to those who did not."

Tags:sociology, research, perception, israel, mow, meaning, of, work, study

Abstract
This research paper analyzes the characteristics of effective leadership. It describes different types of leadership styles and examines effective leaders from throughout history. The paper discusses if and how a leader can develop effective leadership styles and then focuses on how effective leadership impacts an organization's potential to succeed.

Table of Contents:
Chapter I
Introduction
Leaders
Leadership Ranges
Contemporary Leadership Types
Transactional Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Charismatic Leadership
Hypothesis
Aim and Objectives
Aim
Objective 1
Objective 2
Objective 3
Chapter II
Literature Review
The Heart of Effective Leadership
One Historical Leader: Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollins
Components of Effective Leadership Styles
Studies
Joseph: 2003
Rast and Latour 2004
Stefano and Wasylyshyn: 2005
Gray and Bryme: 2006
Brown and Gardner: 2007
Books Note...
Components of Effective Leadership Styles
Leader's Have to Choose
The Bottom Line
No Shortcuts to Effective Leadership
Developing Effective Leaders
Effective Leaders' Practices

From the Paper
"Long before recorded history, however, according to evolutionary anthropologists and psychologists, human beings developed a predisposition toward group cooperation. Whether as nomadic tribes, hunter-gatherers, or agriculturalists, group cooperation and the joint effort of many helped enable most individuals to achieve a safer, healthier, and more prosperous existence than would ever have been possible alone. The phenomenon of leadership in one form or another almost certainly arose naturally, because human
societies traditionally exhibit group dynamics substantially based social hierarchies and on the relative authority of those highest in social status over those lower in social status (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005)."

Tags:charisma, transactional, transformational, dynamic

Abstract
Championed by directors Jean Luc Godard and Fran ois Truffaut, the French directors were seeking to justify their own individualism as an answer to the lifting of the quota on American Films after World War II, which led to a flood of big budget Hollywood films into French movie houses. The paper shows that the French directors, unable to compete with the flash and panache of Hollywood, pointed out that individualism made their films stronger. They therefore anointed John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock and Hawks as the patron saints of the auteurs. This paper examines how Hawks' films, use of actors and apolitical emotions made him worthy of the French title.

From the Paper
"Hawks refused to be limited by labels, he refused to succumb to functional fixity. His most serious films have bits of humor and he was not adverse to turning a drama into a comedy or for that matter into a musical. During his career, though he got a "feel-good" award for lifetime achievement, he received few nominations and no Oscars during his career. Yet, he was one of the few directors who, productive and successful before the Second World War, remained commercially and artistically successful after the war. And when it comes to crossing genres his success to date is unparalleled. He was equally at home in comedy, westerns, aviation films and war dramas."

Tags:Andr?, Bazin, Alexandre, Astruc, Mary, Pickford, Carey, Grant