Abstract
The essay evaluates three different intelligence or cognitive tests, namely Raven?s test, the Mental Alertness test (HSRC) and the Cognitive Process Profile. These tests are used in both academic and workplace settings and are mainly critiqued in this essay according to their manual information, norm groups, reliability, purpose, and item content.

From the Paper
"Intelligence tests are being used increasingly to assist individuals in educational planning, and in making decisions about aspects of their own lives" (Anastasi & Urbina, 1997). Raven's tests have been described as "tests of observation and clear thinking"( Raven et al., 1998, p.657). The Mental Alertness test is to provide measures of general intelligence, arithmetical ability and certain language abilities (Lombard, 1975). A strength of the Cognitive Process Profile is that it measures learning potential and involves a teach-test-teach approach (CPP Manual, 2000).?

Tags:alertness, cognitive, intelligence, mental, process, profile, raven, test, tests

Abstract
This paper provides an insight into AMBER, the acronym for America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response which uses teamwork between the media, citizens and law enforcement in order to find abducted children. It describes how the program works works by sending crucial information to the public, via radio TV, and sometimes electronic roadside signs. It examines its pros and cons such as desensitization from overuse and provides statistics on children that disappear and the readiness of the public to help.

From the Paper
"Recent history has shown that the AMBER alert system is needed. Statistics show that there are about 46,000 non-relative kidnappings each year, and two thirds of those involve a sexual assault. Because parents don't always immediately notice that a child is missing, a 2-hour delay before reporting the abduction is common, but three-fourths of the children killed in these incidents are killed within three hours of being taken (KKF, 2002). This makes a rapid and wide response urgent, but police can only be in so many places at once."

Tags:media, citizens, kidnappings, law, enforcement

Abstract
This paper describes the need for a remote alert system and proposes a system that uses wireless cameras, motion sensors and custom software to call a mobile phone and notify the user of an intruder in the home. It also offers other possible applications of the system.

From the Paper
"Burglary is one of the most common crimes committed in the United Kingdom but it can be one of the most difficult to prosecute. Burglars are rarely seen by others due to the nature of the crime itself and intercepting ..."

Tags:remote alerting system, computer science, Web cameras, burglar alarms

Abstract
An Amber Alert is a system used jointly by the media and law enforcement agencies, to make urgent announcements about missing or kidnapped children within hours of their disappearance. This paper examines the history of the Amber Alert and shows how it has successfully allowed Texan authorities to retrieve abducted children.

From the Paper
"While it is possible that the Chavez infant would have been returned to her mother safely, since the people who knew the abductor were skeptical about Roach's claim that the child was her own, the issuance of an Amber Alert made it both more likely that the infant would be found safe and that people would know to report their suspicions. As soon as someone called about Roach's new "daughter," the information was fed into the Amber Alert System. Since it was issued on a statewide basis and because the Amber Alert system gives such cases the prominence and urgency they need, the law enforcement officers in Quanah realized that this baby might be Nancy Chavez."

Tags:Amber, Hagerman, HRAP, 911, Nancy, Chavez

Abstract
This paper explores the alert system called AMBER: "America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response". This system co-ordinates law enforcement with the media, to help people act immediately after a child abduction has taken place. The paper explores the general principles of the system and looks at its origin and history of development. It then goes on to explain how the system works, citing its benefits and using case studies to highlight its success. It concludes with a look at how to implement the system in other states.

From the Paper
"The goal of the AMBER program is to communicate identifying information to the general public so they can report to law enforcement if they see any of the people or automobiles described in the AMBER alerts broadcasted. When law enforcement decides a child disappearance meets the criteria to issue an AMBER alert, they pass on information to the media, who broadcast it. Citizens are told not to approach any individuals or vehicles but are given a number to phone in the information so law enforcement professionals can use the information to apprehend the individuals."

Tags:principles, origin, history, development, benefits, case, studies, implementation

Abstract
This paper explains that there are some fundamental logistical issues involved in the planning process for maintaining transit system safety, which represent constraints as to how much information can be gathered and how it can be used; furthermore, there are a number of interest groups involved in the planning process that must be taken into account. The author points out that having a comprehensive transit system safety program has assumed increasing importance in recent years; there are a wide range of federal, state and local regulations to be considered while balancing the needs of their fleet drivers, political interest groups and energy conservation issues. The paper includes a listing of procedure requirements for the mass transit sector and its passengers under an elevated risk, Codes Yellow and Red such as expect traffic delays. Figure.

Table of Contents
Identifying Important Components of a Transit Fleet Safety Program
Review and Discussion
Planning Required for a Modern Transit System
Drug and Alcohol Programs for Fleet Drivers
Desirable Transit System Fleet Driver Qualifications
Procedures for Suspension and Revocation of Driving Privileges
List and Explanation of Security Watchwords for Fleet Driver
Procedures Required for a Severe Alert (Threat Condition Red)
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Drug and alcohol programs specifically designed for transit fleet drivers are not new, but they have been increasingly recognized as a vital component of an effective safety program. One of the first such initiatives was implemented in October 1990, by the Greyhound Corporation. The results of this early drug and alcohol testing program showed that there was an unacceptable rate of positive drug tests among the company's drivers and its applicants; these findings brought a significant amount of pressure to bear on transit system companies that provided service to the traveling public to implement such testing programs."

Tags:planning, drugs, revocation, qualifications, law

Abstract
This paper explains that cocaine is an alkaloid drug processed from the leaves of the coca shrub, which creates a feeling of well-being, self-confidence, and alertness that lasts for between ten and thirty minutes. The author points out that crack cocaine magnifies the effects of cocaine, making it quicker to have an effect, and the effects are likely to be much stronger. The paper stresses that most drug-related visits to the emergency room are caused by cocaine.

Table of Contents
What is Crack Cocaine?
Who Uses Crack Cocaine?
Popularity of Cocaine
Drug Use Comes in Waves
Still a Drug of Choice for a Lot of People

From the Paper
"McCaffrey's report found that cocaine use had stabilized or declined in many cities. It also noted that today's crack users are the "aging" and the "sick," contrasting with the legions of healthy young people who started using it in the mid-1990s. A Department of Justice official noted that perhaps today's young people had witnessed the havoc crack had brought to their friends and families and decided against that path.

Tags:alertness, stronger, emergency, cheap, party

Abstract
The paper looks at how Johnson (1991) stated that the average individual sleeps for one third of their lives (p. 135). The paper discusses how when enough sleep is not realized many changes in the person can occur and these changes may include such factors as "irritability, increased pain sensitivity, decreased daytime alertness and apathy" (Johnson, 1991, p. 135). Yet, the paper looks at how Johnson (1991) also indicates that as people age their decline in physical "functioning" and mental alertness is severely impacted by a lack of sleep because this may lead to "falls, burns, automobile accidents and institutionalization" (p. 135). The paper explains that Johnson (1991) contends that when people reach the age of sixty they are more inclined to awaken at least one time per night (p. 136), and, by the age of seventy it is known that people will take longer to fall asleep (Johnson, 1991, p. 136).

Tags:nursing, health, care

Abstract
For years, chocolate has been looked down upon as unhealthy, deemed a candy, slapped with myths and fallacies and prohibited from small children. This paper attempts to prove otherwise by showing how chocolate has been shown to lift depression, help your heart and aid alertness among other benefits and if used properly, chocolate can be a delicacy and a medicine. It examines all aspects of chocolate possible from its production from the cocoa bean, to physiological effects on the brain and body to side effects such as obesity and dental problems.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Brief Review of Cocoa
The Cacao Tree (Theobrom Cacao)
What is in the Cocoa Bean?
Making and Eating Chocolate
State of the Art of Cocoa
Is Cocoa Good for You?
Burden of Proof
Chocolate as a Fat
Effects on Blood Lipids
What is OK?
Chocolate, Health and Disease
Chocolate Craving
Migraine
Toxicity
Immune Function
Allergy
Other Disorders
Behavior
Antioxidants
Caffeine
Dental Caries
Migraines
Obesity
Serum Cholesterol
Heart Health
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Cocoa takes it a step further though. Not only does it provide energy for our actions. It supplies chemicals for our personalities and moods. Modern psychology leads us to believe that every thought, every idea that pops into our head is simultaneously a biological reaction. This biological reaction takes the form of chemical processes within our brains. Our mind then interprets these chemical compounds as thoughts, ideas, smells, tastes, touch, etc. Our thoughts, or chemicals compounds within our brain can determine how we feel, our motivation, our goals, our entire lives hinge upon our thoughts, for what are we but what we do. And before we do anything, we must think it. We must have considered it at some point or been subconsciously predisposed to an action or idea."

Tags:cacao, tree, cocoa, bean, fat, migraine, toxicity, craving, health, disease

Abstract
This paper explores the remedies, uses, and history of the herb Ginkgo Biloba. It details it's medical application in mental alertness cases associated with Alzheimer's. The paper shows it usefulness but also includes the myth's associated with the herb such as its ability to improve intelligence and sexual preference.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. What is it?
3. History
4. Brain Booster?
5. Conclusion
6. Outline

From the Paper
"As the medical community continues to make advances it seems that we are moving back to the traditional and natural remedies much more often than we have in the past. Herbs and other natural remedies have made a come back and they are stronger than ever. While the medical field and media play out debates concerning many pharmaceuticals the herbs step up to the plate. One popular natural remedy is Ginkgo Biloba. This natural answer to many problems has captured the attention of laymen and doctors alike. Study after study is being conducted on the product as they discover new and innovative potential uses for it. While it may not be the cure all that snake oil was promised to be in the days of the old west, it seems to have enough different types of uses to make it worth a closer look."

Tags:herbs, medicine, remedies, Ginkgo, Biloba