Abstract
This paper emphasizes that developments in assistive technology are expanding the communication options for the hearing disabled thus enabling them to work more independently and to increase their growth potential. The author presents fully various Assistive Listening Devices (ALD's), any type of device that helps the user function more efficiently and effectively in daily communication.

From the Paper
"The Assistive Listening Devices or ALDs are referred to any type of device that helps the user in functioning efficiently and effectively in daily communication circumstances. The people with hearing disabilities can use ALDs to overcome their inability to hear clearly. Thus assistive listening devices offer greater ease in hearing, to the person using, it and hence reduces stress and exhaustion. The use of these devices increases the hearing ability of the user as they increase intensity of sound by bringing sound directly into the ear. One of the major functions of ALDs is that it reduces the background noise, which causes difficulty in hearing; it reduces the negative effects of distance between the source of sound and the hard of hearing people using the device and finally it revokes poor acoustics."

Tags:disable, sound, listener

Abstract
This paper examines the characters of the two heroes of this epic historical poem. Their characters are first discussed individually for their strengths and weaknesses as "heroes" and then compared with each other while examining how they complement each other.

From the Paper
"The characters of Roland and Oliver (sometimes written Olivier) in the epic poem "The Song of Roland" are friends, fellow warriors, and are connected in several other ways. The two together represent different aspects of the heroic character. The two also represent certain traits and values which help the reader understand the values in feudal Europe."
The character of Roland in the epic poem The Song of Roland may be partially a historical character, a knight in the court of Charlemagne and a key figure in the battle against one specific ruler in a battle at Roncesvalles in northern Spain. Roland and Olivier both represent Christian values fighting against the pagans, and the initial demand is that each ruler who comes under the sway of Charlemagne is to renounce his old religion and convert to Christianity or be put to death."

Tags:Charlemagne, europe, feudal, warriors, hero, history, Ganelon, Marsile, Christianity, Alde

Abstract
Dementia, allied with depression and alcohol or substance abuse, increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Wernicke's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome are the most recognized types of alcohol-dementia. The paper shows that symptoms of alcohol or substance abuse can be disguised as depression, dementia or other problems associated with aging. Dementia is a condition that does not have a cure; however, depression and alcohol or substance abuse are treatable and may reverse some types of dementia. The paper shows that the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies, which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. Disease case management along with effective outpatient treatment approaches may postpone or reduce nursing home placement.

Paper Outline:
Abstract
Dementia Allied with Depression and Alcohol or Substance Abuse
Dementia
Depression
Dementia and Depression
Substance Abuse
Alcohol-Related Dementia
Treatment
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Depression coexisting with dementia has often been overlooked because of the emphasis on distinguishing the two conditions; however, it should be recognized that depression is a shared concomitant of dementia (Woods, 2001, p. S10). Depression may be a predictor of some forms of dementia and is considered a major health risk in the elderly (Tierney, Boyle, Lam, & Szalai, 1999, p. 1). Studies show that depression is the most common psychiatric disease in individuals 65 years and older, commonly occurring in more than 30% of the frail and disabled elderly (Polidori, Menculini, Senin, & Mecocci, 2001, p. 533)."

Tags:memory, loss, ALD, autonomy, medication