Abstract
This paper discusses how Bob Dylan has exerted a lasting influence on our culture and has altered our conception of what is possible within a popular song and particularly within its lyrics. It looks at how it is upon his sixties songs that his reputation rests and how throughout these songs he covered and developed a broad spectrum of themes, an important and reoccurring one being women. It explores the presentation of women in Dylan's early albums using a selection of songs which the author feels to be representative of each record.

From the Paper
"Another side of Bob Dylan (1964) was his last solo album until the 1990s. With the exception of one song, none of the songs had any overtly political theme. The album marked a shift from the public Dylan to a more private and introspective Dylan. The songs on the album offer personal explorations of love and focus on the nature of relationships.
To Ramona is fundamentally a break-up song in which the singer reluctantly takes his leave of a girl ensnared by the opinions of her acquaintances. It expresses feelings in a direct manner, yet is softened by reaching a moving and mature resolution in which he comes to accept the inevitability of the change, while refusing to shut the door completely on any future possibility of reunion."

Tags:music, love, lyrics, sixties

Abstract
This paper analyzes Joan Didion's essay, "The White Album", emphasizing that her use of cinematic imagery ties in with her scenic storyline and her narrative style to help piece together the meaning of seemingly unrelated events that occurred in the late sixties and early seventies. The paper suggests that this style was an important aspect of Didion's journalistic endeavor during those chaotic years. The paper goes on to provide examples of this use of the visual in "The White Album" and concludes that it clearly helps the reader to understand the action in her essay.

From the Paper
"Didion uses the style of pictures to describe how these events in the essay relate to her. Why does she use vision oriented pictures? Pictures are powerful tools when telling stories. They can be interpreted differently from one person to another, or they can also be powerful markers to the person seeing them, visual bookmarks to highlight certain points in a story. Her first "Flash Cut" is the description of her medical report given by her doctor about her mental condition. All of the tests were negative, however, she still was described as having something wrong with her medically, such as obsessive compulsive disorder, etc (Didion 423). The significance of this picture in her story is to help set the mood for the time period she was living. During this era there was a tension that rippled throughout the country. There were things happening during this time that were culturally significant. The Black Panther movement, the Doors, the Manson murders, etc. all happened in the mid-sixties to the early seventies. "

Tags:Janis, Joplin, Huey, Lewis, Black, Panther, Doors

Abstract
This paper discusses the music and songs of the group "Heavenly", a twee pop band of the late eighties and nineties. It describes how twee pop is a form of soft-core punk rock and gives a brief history of the achievements of the band. It examines how the majority of songs on this album deal with relationships and life from the viewpoint of teenage girls by examining the lyrics to some of their songs.

From the Paper
"The majority of songs on this album deal with relationships and life from the viewpoint of teenage girls, as written by Amelia Fletcher, the key vocalist and guitar player. The other members of the band included Cathy Rogers, vocals and keyboard, Pete Momtchiloff, guitar, Rob Pursy, bass, and Matthew Fletcher, drums. The song of focus, "Hearts and Crosses," deals with the problem of naivety in young girls due to the illusion of the media and the harm and confusion that can result in being unprepared for the dangers of the real world. In this case, the result is a rape by an exalted boyfriend."

Tags:album, relationships, girls, women, logos, music, pathos, pop, punk

Abstract
This paper explains that research concludes that the louder an album is, the more it will initially appeal to the casual listener because louder music grabs people's attention and stands out among its quieter counterparts. The Loudness War, to capture the music purchaser, has been waged since the early 80s when the accessibility of music began to give listener's more choice than just listening to the radio or buying very expensive sound equipment. The author describes the process of creating sound for the recordings. The paper also relates the concerns of audiologists about the imminent generational hearing loss phenomenon related to iPods and their cohorts, earbuds. Color graphs are included with the paper.

From the Paper
"Since the induction of the CD on the common market in 1982 and 1983, audiophiles have both scoffed at its distance from vinyl and come to appreciate that distance. With vinyl, there are physical limitations that dictate that there must be a compromise between volume, playing time, and surface noise. In order to increase the volume, deeper grooves must be cut, which leads to a danger of skipping and reduced space for more music. With a brand new, masterfully cut vinyl, you could get about 60 dBs (decibels), and once played a few times through, it would settle at about 50 dBs."

Tags:technology, volume, earbuds, decibels, aging

From the Paper
" Twenty-Two years ago, at an exclusive private school in Britain, five teenage students - Peter Gabriel, Tony Banks, Mike Rutherford, Anthony Phillips and Chris Stewart - formed a band which they called Genesis. As pioneers of art-rock, a combination of unorthodox, complex music and theatrical stage presentations, Genesis became one of the most influential bands of the early '70s. In more recent years, Genesis' versatility, as well as ability to create a more mainstream sound without compromising the musical talent and grandeur that marked early recordings, has made it one of the great influential bands of the 20 years since the breakup of the Beatles.
Genesis' debut album was an unsuccessful attempt at imitating the sounds that were topping the British charts (such as The Beatles and The Bee Gees). After that "the idea was to play (...)"

Abstract
This a jazz review which discusses the new "Headhunter" album, "Return of the Headhunters", after almost twenty years since they became a group. It analyzes the elements of jazz that are used within the album, including approaches to improvisation, syncopation and bass runs.

From the Paper
"The Headhunters album, Return of the Headhunters, is under Hancock Records of the pianist Herbie Hancock, he is also one of the executive producers. This is one of Hancock's old bands; he doesn't make the list of band member but guests on some of the songs. The Headhunters were last together at the end of the 1970's. This album was released in 1998 and continues with the group's tradition of jazz fusion and funk.

"Track one is Funk Hunter and includes Herbie Hancock and Patrice Rushen on keyboards, Darrell Smith on keyboard programming, and JK on guitar. The song is melodic with elements of cool jazz. Drums introduce and then continue with constant syncopated snare drum hits. The sax takes a theme and fades in and out between bass and drum patterns. Bass uses repeated runs. This first verse is replayed, with a stompy, prowling feeling. The keyboard goes into a syncopated developmental solo with percussion, bass, and snare accompaniment. The bass and keyboards go into a call and response routine. The theme is restated and a cow bell is heard between snare hits. Sax and keyboard then go into call and response play. The sax leaves and with the keyboard featured there is a restatement of the theme and a fade out."

Tags:cool, funk, fusion, hancock, herbie, music

Abstract
This paper examines the "Uhuru Africa" album by Randy Weston. Inspired by jazz legend Duke Ellington, Weston spent most of his career combining the rich music of the African continent with the African-American tradition of jazz. The author dissects Weston's "Africa" album -- which he calls a tribute to Ellington -- from its thematic and metaphoric perspectives, such as nature, animals, liberation, the past and the future. The author concludes by praising "Uhuru Africa" as Weston's jazz paean to Afro-American heritage and to Africa.

From the Paper
"This style inspired Randy Weston, whose use of both hands separately on the keyboard parallels a drummer's control of separate rhythms with each hand. Randy Weston spent most of his career combining the rich music of the African continent with the African American tradition of jazz, mixing the rhythms and melodies of both continents. Uhuru Africa is a tribute to Ellington, most particularly in the second movement, African Lady, a metaphor for Africa and the drum, which Ellington identified with a woman."

Tags:Duke, Ellington, Africa, jazz, music

Abstract
The original song is a hard-hitting nu-metal melody called "Down With the Sickness" by the band Disturbed. It was released in 2000 on the band's debut album, The Sickness (Disturbed, 2000). The song is from a CD that is "indeed freaky, featuring a lengthy discomforting rant attacking Mommy...Musically, the group comes through...with a simple, repetitive hook" (Aiese, 2001, p. 24).

From the Paper
Running Head: COVER Down With the Sickness by Disturbed The original song is a hard-hitting nu-metal melody called "Down With the Sickness" by the band Disturbed. It was released in 2000 on the band's debut album, The Sickness (Disturbed, 2000). The song is from a CD that is "indeed freaky, featuring a lengthy discomforting rant attacking Mommy...Musically, the group comes through...with a simple, repetitive hook" (Aiese, 2001, p. 24). The instrumentation or arrangement of the original song includes what sounds like bass guitars, electric guitars and a strong infectious

Tags:disturbed, cheese, sickness

Abstract
This paper discusses how Carole King is probably one of the most influential pop song writers of the late sixties and early seventies and how her second album "Tapestry" was and still is widely considered as her greatest collection of recordings. It looks at how, number one for 15 weeks in the charts, it is an astonishingly well written record in terms of the accuracy with which it fills its place in the pop genre and also the standard of production.

From the Paper
"The middle-8 section can effectively be split into two distinct parts. In the first half, a chordal piano solo takes the lead role, playing over a static C minor vamp, whilst the guitar plays slightly emphasized rhythm phrases which add interest whilst importantly not drowning out the piano. The second half of the middle-8 is harmonically the same as the first four bars of the chorus. The guitar exchanges some jazzy lead phrases with the piano in this section, and a more active bass line and ride cymbal rhythm combine to pick up the momentum again. The middle-8 breaks down into the second verse in much the same way as the first chorus progresses into the first verse, with each part simplified to create space in the mix for the softer vocal."

Tags:arrangement, arranging, music, pop, popular, song, songwriting

Abstract
This paper explains how the advertisement for "The Cruxshadows" and their album "Wishfire" is effective because of the attractiveness of the color scheme, the advertisement's identification of the band members with the music, and its overall visual appeal.

From the Paper
"Advertising designers are presented with a particular challenge when the focus of the advertisement is an artistic product. Unlike those which are meant to sell food, household products, or even luxury items, ads that promote an artistic work like music must find a way to not only stick in the heads of viewers but also to be artistically pleasing and representative of the artistic vision of the creator of the featured piece. People who drink soda or buy shoes are not necessarily going to be swayed by the subtle visual intricacies of a Pepsi or Nike ad as long as there is a cultural or need-based appeal. If the consumer feels that Pepsi, for example, will quench thirst, then the ad was effective. However, in order for a music ad to be effective, it must find a way to appeal to the inner art critic and somehow present a visual representation of the appeal of the music, which may be considered an emotional or spiritual need, but remains outside the reach of the basic "food, clothing, and shelter" appeals. One advertisement that rather effectively promotes music is that for the band The Cruxshadows, for the album Wishfire, which appeared in Orkus music magazine in September, 2002."

Tags:background, white, overexposed, photograph, serious, work, models, attractive