Abstract
This paper compares US Secretary of States, Madeline Albright and Warren Christopher. The paper first relates that Madeline Albright's charming personality enabled her to open significant talks with foreign heads of state, but her agenda to promote United States as the leader of the world hindered her. The paper then compares Albright to Warren Christopher who was the opposite; he was more liked in terms of his work in the area of foreign policy, but he was colder in his diplomatic relations.

From the Paper
"After Albright's trip to Brussels that same year, the US position on the European defense identity was declared there as 'unacceptable, irresponsible and useless.' It was stated referring to the problems they faced that the 'Iron Lady' was diplomatic, but did not promise anything 'to defuse this potential bomb.' On the other hand, regarding Russia, it was noted that Albright's proposal was "attractive from a diplomatic viewpoint because, very obviously, it indirectly concedes to the Kremlin the privileges it demands in its dialogue with NATO. ("NATO-L")" Although she has been considered more diplomatic than former US Secretary of State Warren Christopher, Madeline Albright has been known to be more friendly than useful on the international scene. She can open talks and lead them well, but she has not been expected to help other countries as her main aim seems to be the accommodation of US power around the globe."

Tags:international, diplomacy, relations

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the sources of the conflict in Kosovo and the efforts taken by the international community, specifically the United States and NATO, to stem the violence. Furthermore, this work addresses changes that could have been undertaken or what might have been done differently and what steps could be taken in the present or in the future to improve the country and its stability. The writer concludes that while agreements have been apparently reached between the Serb and ethnic-Albanians who both desire to remain in the region, even if it means compromise on each side, it is yet to be seen whether peace in the Kosovo region will result from NATO and U.S. involvement in Kosovo.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Report of Secretary of State Albright
Seven Weeks into U.S./NATO Intervention
Startling Serbs to the Reality of Violence with Bombs
Kosovo Talks Enter Final Phase
Both Albanians and Serbs Desire to Remain in Kosovo
Debate on Possibility of 'Setting Precedent'
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Kosovo is a province of Serbia and is the central area of the old Yugoslavia in which 90% of those in the region are Albanian in their origin with the remainder being Serbs. Under the former government, that of the old Yugoslavia this region was characterized by a great deal of autonomy. However, this autonomy was taken away by President Slobodan Milosevic in 1989 who was seeking what he called a 'Greater Serbia' seeking to secure it through a nationalist campaign. The Kosovo region was the site of a historic and emotionally charged defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1389 and therefore has great significance to Serbian nationalists residing in the Kosovo region. Upon this region, losing its autonomy at the hands of Milosevic a conflict ensued due to the ethnic-Albanian people striving to have their cultural rights restored. The Kosovo Liberation Army, also known as the KLA drove the conflict toward the radical edge through entering violent conflicts with arms and their demand of full independence while simultaneously the Serbs were fiercely determined to keep the province. The United States and NATO entered the situation when hundreds of thousands of ethnic-Albanians were forced from their homes in what was destined to be a humanitarian disaster resulting in refugees strewn across an entire continent."

Tags:serbs, conflict, Milosevic, Albanian

Abstract
Assessment of the history of the bill signed by President Clinton in 2000, known as the African Growth & Development Act. Discusses debate over the Bill between the U.S. & Africa. Intentions, economic issues & concerns on both sides. U.S. foreign policy as articulated by then Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. Trade with Africa and U.S. jobs. Objections and various Amendments to the orginal Bill.

From the Paper
"On May 18, 2000, the Trade Development Act of 1999 was signed by President Clinton, having made its way through the House of Representatives and the Senate. Initially known as the African Growth and Opportunity Act(H.R. 434), the bill had been approved by the House with amendments on July 15 of 1999. In the Senate, a comparable bill, S. 1387 (known as the African Growth and Opportunity Act), had been approved by the Finance Committee as an amended package of trade bills. The Senate s version of H.R. 434 differed substantially from that which existed in the House, as the amended bill included trade benefits for the Caribbean Basin, reauthorization of the Generalized System of Preferences program, and several other trade-related provisions. This complicated process experienced several twists and turns, luring many prominent players in ..."

Abstract
This paper explains that Condoleeza Rice comes from a family whose heritage was education; great-grandparents on both sides of her family were "house slaves", which allowed them to become literate. The author points out that Rice had already worked in George Bush, Senior's administration; she met George W. Bush II, then the governor of Texas, in 1995, and they immediately became friends as Bush respected her knowledge regarding foreign policy and her love of sports. The paper contends Rice's important political assets are her extensive education and knowledge in her field, which is both academic and rooted in the real world, and her ability to formulate opinion based on changing circumstances.

From the Paper
"While at Stanford, Rice met a man who would significantly influence her career: Brent Scowcroft, who became President George Bush's National Security Advisor in 1989. Once he had that position, he contacted Rice and asked her to take a leave of absence from Stanford so she could work with him, which she did for two years. Her knowledge as an expert on the U.S.S.R. was valued by the first Bush administration. She ended up serving under Scowcroft and on the National Security Council, where her expertise was valued. It was a time of great change in Eastern Europe and the Soviet: Germany reunified, Baltic states separated from the U.S.S.R., and the U.S.S.R. itself was on borrowed time. Rice understood the paradox and the dangers of a great power on the verge of collapse."

Tags:scowcroft, education, albright, soviet, experience

Abstract
A review of the passing of the "Trade Development Act 1999". The purpose of the bill was to bring together the United States and Africa, the former seeking to cultivate a mutually prosperous relationship with the latter, and the latter wary of the true intentions behind and possible repercussions of the legislation being considered by the former. This paper looks at the reasons the bill was proposed, changes made to it both in Congress and in the house and opponents and advocates of its passing.

From the Paper
"Many of Senator Wellstone's objections had been anticipated over a year before by Secretary Albright. Regarding the feared exodus of American jobs overseas, she states that the Clinton Administration's commitment to "strenghthening core labor standards around the world" would prohibit Americans from being undercut. And, she mentioned, the International Trade Commission had already estimated that the African Growth and Opportunity Act could, at most, only impact 700 U.S. jobs- a figure that is dwarfed by the number of jobs created in the U.S. every day."

Tags:congress, house, politics, united, states, albright, nations, international