Abstract
This paper describes al Qaeda. The author points out al Qaeda's current goals as a terrorist organization. The paper examines the difficulties involved in locating operatives and in gathering information because members form small groups called cells.

From the Paper
"According to Benjamin Wittes writing in "Atlantic Monthly", al-Qaeda is not a traditional uniformed military force. In fact it's not a geographically distinct military force at all. Rather, the organization is composed of cells scattered worldwide whose members seek to blend into the societies they wish to destroy. The organization's very nature makes distinguishing between combatants and noncombatants extremely difficult. When captured al-Qaeda, operatives often deny their affiliation. However, it is known that al-Qaeda has a specific set of goals. Furthermore there seems to be no ... '

Tags:Al Qaeda, terrorists, September 11, Madrid, suicide bomber, terrorism

Abstract
The paper looks at the emergence of Al-Qaeda, the historical context within which it came to prominence, its ideological commitments, its impact upon the world and the threat it constitutes to western society. The paper illustrates how Al-Qaeda is a ruthless organization driven by nationalistic and socio-political objectives - and its danger to the western world lies in the fact that it is amorphous, de-centralized, highly-motivated, and international in scope.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the emergence of Al-Qaeda, the historical context within which it came to prominence, its ideological commitments, and its impact upon the world and the threat it constitutes to western society. In the final analysis, Al-Qaeda is a ruthless organization driven by nationalistic and socio-political objectives - and its danger to the western world lies in the fact that it is amorphous, de-centralized, highly-motivated, and international in scope. Experts who have followed the tangled, twisting history of Al-Qaeda point..."

Tags:al, qaeda, impact, ideology

Abstract
This paper examines the marketing problems facing the Al Ahram Beverages Company, a manufacturer and distributor of beer in Egypt. The paper looks at the unique cultural challenges of marketing such a product within a Muslim country.

From the Paper
"Al Ahram Beverages Company (AABC) is in a period of transition. It has gone from a publicly-held enterprise to a privately-owned company in Egypt, as part of a reform movement that included the privatization of many..."

Tags:Al Ahram Beverages company, case study, Egypt, competition, 4 Ps, marketing, product, price, place promotion, social change, liberalization, government owned monopoly

Abstract
The paper highlights the insurgence of terrorism and the resultant fears expressed by peoples throughout the world. The paper discusses the characteristics of the leading terrorist organizations and the background of its leaders in an attempt to explain the thinking behind the terrorist psychology.

Outline:
Hamas
Hizballah
Al Quaida
LTTE
Hizb ul-Mujahideen
Terrorists Profile
Usama Bin Laden
Velupillai Prabhakaran
Shoko Asahara
Mullah Mohammed Omar
Ahmed Ramzi Yousef

From the Paper
"Terrorism has expanded into every nook and corner of the world today. A terrorist today, does not appear with a distinctive personality but rather blends with the society leaving security experts with little clue. While organized crimes are mostly economically motivated, terrorism is on an entirely different footing. Religious and cultural fanatism are the main motivational factors for terrorist outfits. [Frank Bovenkerk] Terror networks are in operation with the groups globalized and operating from diverse bases. Because of this, it is not possible for law enforcement officers to operate with existing tools for local crimes. Terrorism management wings need international cooperation and a transparent relationship with their counterparts from other nations."

Tags:psychological, hardlined, politically, moderate, kidnapping

Abstract
There are two extremely opposed views with regards to the decision by the United States and its allies to invade, or liberate, Iraq. The one view is that the decision to go to war was a necessity for many related reasons - the most compelling and important being the need to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or WMD. The opposing viewpoint was that were was no real threat and no immediate need to intervene militarily in Iraq. This view states that the decision to invade was motivated - not by freedom, democracy and liberation - but rather by the desire for power, greed and oil. Both these views are discussed in this paper.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
The View in favor of War
The Views against War
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Many of the underlying reasons for the invasion of Iraq are seen by those opposed to the war in a very different light. For example, the use of the September 11th attacks as motivation for war are seen by many rather as an excuse for war rather than a legitimate reason. Those opposed to the war also point out that many of the substantive reasons for war were vague and often flawed."

Tags:Saddam, Hussein, OPEC, al-quaida, 911, George, Bush

Abstract
This paper provides an overview and discussion of Sayyed Qutb, Islamic leader. A review of the controversy that surrounds him helps to show that there is, in reality, a very strong relationship between Qutb and extremist terrorist groups who claim to follow the Quranic teachings and laws.

From the Paper
"Considering that many who wrote on Sayyed Qutb and his religious and political philosophy, such as Sheikh Muhammad Nasir ad-Din al-Albaanee, Ted Thornton, Nazih N.M. Ayubi, and Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi, all scholars of Islamic studies and history, have emphasized that the life of Sayyed Qutb and his circumstances played a major role in shaping his ideas, it is necessary to briefly identify Qutb himself. Although as Professor of Government at South Carolina University, Shahrough Akhavi writes, not much is known about the life of Sayyed Qutb, what is known is a useful source of understanding the influences upon his philosophy and political ideas (386-387)."

Tags:bin, laden, al, quaida, terror, islamic, groups

Abstract
An examination of bio-terrorism. The writer explores the type of threat posed by bio-terrorism and the extent to which the nation has prepared for it, especially after the events of 9/11. The paper shows the various types of materials that can be used in bio-terrorism and how each of them can be prevented and treated.

Contents
Introduction
What is Bioterrorism?
How Can it be Used Against Us?
What Types of Things Can Be Used to Commit it?
What Now?
Steps That Were Taken after 9-11
Government Readiness
School Readiness
The Future
What Should be Done for Future Protection?
International Cooperation
Protecting our Borders

From the Paper
"For almost two hundred years Americans were lulled into a false sense of security with the belief that nobody could penetrate the "invisible" shield of protection around the country. While chaos was happening around the world by way of attacks, bio-terroristic threats, wars and other problems, Americans went about their daily business believing it could never happen here. And then the events of 9-11 unfolded. Americans were horrified and glued to television screens as the World Trade Centers came down. From that point on the nation understood it was not invincible and the concern about possible bio-terrorism began to grow."

Tags:al, quaida, bin, ladin, world, trade, center, ricin, chemical, weapon, mass, destruction

Abstract
This paper examines how the terrorist attacks changed the world and the way America looks at the world, but they also changed the way the world looks at America. It also tries to answer the question: What were the causes leading up to the terrorist attacks of September 11 and what have been the effects of the attacks?

From the Paper
"While the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. were a surprising wake up call to most of the nation, there are many who believe the government should have seen the attacks coming. One terrorism expert notes, "Terrorism is a problem the U.S. government has been contending with in an increasingly organized fashion since 1968, when Palestinian terrorists began hijacking aircraft and the modern era of international terrorism was born" (Schoenfeld 21). Terrorists kept their attacks away from American soil for the most part, and so, to most Americans, the danger of attack seemed remote until that day. Previous attacks, however, gave a hint of what world terrorist organizations were planning. The nerve gas attack in Tokyo, the bombing of the marine barracks in Iran, the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and the attack on the U.S.S. Cole all illustrated the power and intent of the terrorist community. Expert Schoenfeld continues, "That these same terrorists might attempt once again to hit targets in the American homeland was an obvious possibility" (Schoenfeld 21). These early attacks indicated how terrorists were evolving, and how their attacks were escalating."

Tags:bin, laden, al, quaida

Abstract
This paper contains a review of the book, along with a brief recommendation. "Why America Slept" is a chilling account of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It explains that the book discusses why the terrorist attacks happened and how America could have prevented them.

From the Paper
"Some of the book is difficult to read because it seems that such bungling went on between American agencies that nothing concrete could get done. The CIA and the FBI both had information on terrorist groups operating in and outside the U.S., but were so busy trying to gain power themselves, they fought against each other and refused to share information. Posner notes that this internal feuding only helped the terrorists, many of whom slipped into the country while security was low, and agencies were not passing information about suspected terrorists between each other (Posner 23). This is not only distressing, it is difficult to read, and know that childish feuding between agencies was allowed to continue, and that is was a threat to national security."

Tags:security, terrorism, prevention, world, trade, al, quaida

Abstract
This essay discusses the motivations behind Bush's war on terror and the role the U.S. plays in a global war. The paper suggests that the 'war on terror' is not altruistic and that there are ulterior motives behind it and, in pursuing these goals, the actions of the U.S. government are not far removed from terrorism.

From the Paper
"September 11th 2001 was considered, by most, to be the day that the worst ever terrorist attack took place. Millions of people throughout the world watched as the media brought us live coverage of the events unfolding in New York, Washington and Pennsylvania. Our TV's were dominated with visions of people jumping from extreme heights in a desperate attempt for a chance of survival and then, with the eventual collapse of the twin towers of the World Trade Centre and the knowledge that thousands of lives had been taken right before our eyes. We heard the calls made by those on the flight that was brought down in Pennsylvania, as they phoned family members to say goodbye, aware that they were going to die. For most of us, this was the type of act that occurred in films and the only emotion that outweighed the shock was anger, as there appeared to be no reason for this atrocity. The sympathy of people all over the world went out to the Americans as the media coverage of the aftermath continued."

Tags:al, quaida, fear, regimes, funds, supports, trains, cruel, brutal, methods, counter-insurgency