Abstract
This paper discusses the practices of Osama bin Laden, a Saudi terrorist, and the supporter of a large mercenary force. It addresses religious and financial motivations, training situations, and the extent to which bin Laden is prepared to act in his efforts to destroy, or at the very least disrupt, Western civilization.

Abstract
This paper discusses whether al-Qaeda is still a threat to the world community. It outlines history of al-Qaeda and its ideology, which differs fundamentally from "traditional" terrorist organizations with specific political causes. The author argues that al-Qaeda has "metastized" from an organization into an ideology and cause.

From the Paper
"On a Monday morning in the late summer this writer got a phone call from a friend telling him to turn on CNN. "Buddy, we're under attack," the friend said. What the writer and millions of other Americans saw in the ..."

Tags:al-qaeda, osama, bin, laden, terrorism

Abstract
This paper relates that terrorist activities can be examined as features of a general structural process, but it should be noted that al Qaeda's AGIL process is often distorted by factors not commonly faced by other organizations. The author explains that, in applying the AGIL process to the terrorist organization known as al Qaeda, factors such as adaptation, goal attainment, integration and latency are evident. The paper points out that these factors operate in al Qaeda to a more limited degree than they do in more traditional and mainstream organizations.

From the Paper
"In applying the AGIL process to the terrorist organization known as al Qaeda, it is evident that factors such as adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency continue to al Qaeda, but to a more limited degree than they do in more traditional and mainstream organizations. Terrorist activities can be examined as features of a general structural process, but it should be noted that al Qaeda's AGIL process is often distorted by factors not commonly faced by other organizations. For example, many of al Qaeda's functions are in conflict more often and are "on" or "off" more frequently and unexpectedly because of the global war on terror, which compels al Qaeda leaders, strategists, financiers, and cell members to be reactive much more often than they can be proactive."

Tags:al, qaeda, analysis

Abstract
The paper looks at the emergence of Al-Qaeda, the historical context within which it came to prominence, its ideological commitments, its impact upon the world and the threat it constitutes to western society. The paper illustrates how Al-Qaeda is a ruthless organization driven by nationalistic and socio-political objectives - and its danger to the western world lies in the fact that it is amorphous, de-centralized, highly-motivated, and international in scope.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the emergence of Al-Qaeda, the historical context within which it came to prominence, its ideological commitments, and its impact upon the world and the threat it constitutes to western society. In the final analysis, Al-Qaeda is a ruthless organization driven by nationalistic and socio-political objectives - and its danger to the western world lies in the fact that it is amorphous, de-centralized, highly-motivated, and international in scope. Experts who have followed the tangled, twisting history of Al-Qaeda point..."

Tags:al, qaeda, impact, ideology

Abstract
This paper describes al Qaeda. The author points out al Qaeda's current goals as a terrorist organization. The paper examines the difficulties involved in locating operatives and in gathering information because members form small groups called cells.

From the Paper
"According to Benjamin Wittes writing in "Atlantic Monthly", al-Qaeda is not a traditional uniformed military force. In fact it's not a geographically distinct military force at all. Rather, the organization is composed of cells scattered worldwide whose members seek to blend into the societies they wish to destroy. The organization's very nature makes distinguishing between combatants and noncombatants extremely difficult. When captured al-Qaeda, operatives often deny their affiliation. However, it is known that al-Qaeda has a specific set of goals. Furthermore there seems to be no ... '

Tags:Al Qaeda, terrorists, September 11, Madrid, suicide bomber, terrorism

Abstract
This paper examines the marketing problems facing the Al Ahram Beverages Company, a manufacturer and distributor of beer in Egypt. The paper looks at the unique cultural challenges of marketing such a product within a Muslim country.

From the Paper
"Al Ahram Beverages Company (AABC) is in a period of transition. It has gone from a publicly-held enterprise to a privately-owned company in Egypt, as part of a reform movement that included the privatization of many..."

Tags:Al Ahram Beverages company, case study, Egypt, competition, 4 Ps, marketing, product, price, place promotion, social change, liberalization, government owned monopoly

Abstract
Discusses Durkheim's view of obligatory altruistic suicide. Concept that society is more important than the worth of any individual. Rejection by Durkheim of suicide that appeals to subjective mental states. The Al Quaeda terrorist actions and its concept of "dying for Allah." Arguments that the Al Quaeda attack on the United States was not a holy war as stated in the Koran.

From the Paper
"Durkheim, Suicide and Sept. 11, 2001

Theory
Emile Durkheim was a sociologist who tried to measure such abstract concepts as religion and suicide in society. "Collective tendencies have an existence of their own; they are forces as real as cosmic forces, though of another sort; they, likewise, affect the individual from without"(Thompson, 1982, 109). To Durkheim, suicide was a term applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result"(Thompson, 1982, 110).

Durkheim divided the suicidal act into several categories. One of the classes that he considers, and that has a stunning importance following the events of Sept. 11, 2001, is that ..."

Abstract
The paper discusses the merits and flaws of liberalism, using negotiations, institutional measures, and other non-military means to achieve political goals; and realism, believing that a powerful military threat is the most effective method of influencing other states in the international arena. The paper examines how both schools of thought have had success in achieving their ideals. The paper analyzes the current military threats to the US, and how "soft power", a fusion of realism and liberalism, has been most effective in international relations. The paper further discusses how finding a middle ground between the two paradigms is vitally important in today's international climate, especially in light of the threats to the state. The paper concludes that an ability to address or reduce such a threat is imperative to U.S. national security, and neither liberalism nor realism alone has been able to provide this.

From the Paper
"Liberalism and realism proceed from different fundamental interpretations about the international system: assumptions about the identity of the other state actors , the relationship of those actors to both state institutions and international ones like the United Nations, and the determining factors of state relations with one another. Realists must take the liberal critique seriously, and vice versa; neither theory has been proven as superior thus far. This essay will examine the underlying failures of both schools of thought and examine the possibility that they are in actuality much closer to one another than originally perceived."

Tags:terrorism, Al-Quaeda, Osama, bin, Laden, Cold, War, Nye, United, Nations

Abstract
This paper explains representative democracy, in which voters elect their representatives to act in their interest, is distinguished from direct democracy, in which the people are directly involved in decision making of the government. The paper cites examples from the structural, political, and governmental level institutions and examines a few contemporary policy issues to evaluate the current "representative" the U.S. system. The author believes that the democracy being currently practiced in the U.S. is not as representative as most of us would like it to be even given the current situation.

Table of Contents
The Governmental Level
The Electoral College
The U.S. Senate
The Supreme Court
Political Linkages Level
Independent & Free Media
Interest and Lobby Groups
Structural Level
Economy
The Society
Policy Issues/ Debates
The Impending Iraq War
Guantanamo Bay Prisoners
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Taliban and Al-Qaeda prisoners kept in the Guantanamo Bay prison camps without trial, charges or the opportunity of defense for indefinite periods is another policy issue that runs counter to the American traditions of democracy and human rights. It may be true that some (or even most of the prisoners are evil terrorists who deserve no sympathy). This still does not justify a policy of being declared guilty without a trial. It is even reported that some of the prisoners may have been handed over to the American authorities by Afghan warlords due to their personal enmities or in order to win rewards, practices that are not unknown in that part of the world. Continued detention of these prisoners without trial (or being declared prisoners of war as demanded by the Amnesty International) does not put a favorable light on American representative democracy."

Tags:war, prision, al-quaeda, media, lobby

Abstract
Since the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, government officials have considered what can be done to reduce the chance of another successful attack, with some proposing to issue federally controlled identity cards. This paper argues, however, that even our most tightly-controlled document, the passport, isn't free from use in false identification. While protecting our country from further terrorist attacks is of crucial concern, given our track record, it does not seem likely that our federal government can create an incorruptible system of identification. The paper argues that, for this reason, national identity cards could actually increase our risk of attack, since the terrorists would probably obtain such identity cards as well.

From the Paper
"The argument in favor of national identity cards is of course that we would create systems that circumvent false information being used to obtain them, and that because the need is so great, the necessity is just as great. The critics point to the same evidence, that the hijackers obtained the identification they used to board the planes because of weaknesses in our documentation systems."

Tags:documentation, Al-Quaeda, hijacking