Abstract
Abortion is a deeply controversial subject. It drives a great many emotional responses which are founded in philosophical, political and practical dispositions on the subject. The paper suggests that one of the reasons for women seeking abortions are unwanted pregnancies and that addressing the matter of unwanted pregnancies is the best way to decrease the number of abortions. The paper then examines the question of whether or not it is the nurse's ethical responsibility to encourage the use of the emergency contraception pill as a way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. In addition, the paper considers such matters as the pill's proven effectiveness, the availability and presence of public knowledge on the subject and issues relating to cultural, ideological or political resistance.

From the Paper
"Of course, it is fair to acknowledge that any number of factors prevent us from assuming that all of the women surveyed were either at risk of pregnancy, were desiring not to become pregnant or were not already using some form of contraception. However, the study does reinforce this finding with the notation that of U.K. women in the same age group arriving at hospitals for an abortion procedure, only 11% have used the emergency contraception method in the interest of avoiding the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy. It is therefore suggested that quite indeed, for the nurse practitioner, there is some greater barrier to overcome beyond simply a lack of public awareness. Instead, it must also be considered that accessibility, affordability or simple convenience may all be factors in encouraging or preventing high risk women in taking this action."

Tags:abortion hospital nurse unwanted pregnancy medical information ethical, birth control, contraception unprotected sexual intercourse

Abstract
This paper examines local, state and federal responsibility in maintaining emergency management services in preparation for natural disaster. A tornado is used as an example to demonstrate the varying levels of responsibility involved. An analysis of New York City's level of readiness is presented.

From the Paper
"Emergency management departments throughout the nation train year round in preparation for natural disasters. The more prepared the emergency management operation is in any town the more prepared, protected and secure the town residents feel. Emergency management holds responsibilities at several government levels in any disaster. The local, state and federal emergency management teams work together to coordinate the most effective and thorough plan possible in the event a natural disaster occurs.
HYPOTEHTICAL TOWN SITUATION
In the event of a tornado in Pleasant Town USA the emergency management office has several avenues it must travel to ensure all of its responsibilities are met. The federal, state and local teams all have connections and interactions with each other when a natural disaster occurs. The extent of the involvement of the state and federal offices is directly dependent on the amount of damage being done by the natural disaster. If a tornado hit Pleasant Town USA several things would occur at each level.""

Tags:NYC, federal, state, local, preparation, coordination, plan, protect, broadcase, communication, phone

Abstract
This paper presents a general outline of an industrial plant emergency plan by describing the roles of various members of the response team. The situations in which the plan would be put into action are also detailed. The chain of command in determining when an emergency situation has occurred is highlighted along with the various responses the team may choose to take. The paper concludes that any changes in such a plan must be reviewed by the team manager.

Table of Contents:
Objectives
Scope
Organization
Emergency Initiation
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Industrial Plant Emergency Task Force (IPETF)
Emergency Information Center (EIC)
Requirements of the Industrial Plan Emergency Plans and Procedures
Criminal, Terrorist and Bomb
Fire Protection Plan
Medical Emergency Response Plan
Earthquake and Flood Control Plan
Major Power Outage Plan
Information Security Plan
Other Plans and Basic Format of the Plans
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The ERT is responsible for the maximum protection of personnel, physical and digital assets and resources of the facility. The team shall remain in control of the emergency situation under the direction and management of the ERT Commander until the situation has been declared by the ERT Commander as contained or controlled. The ERT shall comprise members of the Industrial Security and Information Security Teams trained in various aspects of emergency planning and response procedures. They shall have undergone the following training (Community Emergency Response Team, 2007):..."

Tags:emergency, plans, emergency, response, industrial, emergencies

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts three separate aviation crashes and the effectiveness of the emergency response teams and Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) crews that responded on the scenes of the crashes. According to this research, all three, American Airlines Flight 1420, a Canadair Challenger test flight and Korean Air Flight 801, had serious problems with the emergency response, resulting in property damage, injury and loss of life.

From the Paper
"Many people in today's world are afraid to fly, fearing death from terrorist strikes, hijackers, and mechanical malfunction. While statistics indicate that some of these are rational fears, the chances of death from a commercial airline flight are as high as 52.6 million to 1, according to the NTSB and US DOT (Kebabjian, 2005). Boeing reports only .88 accidents per million departures between 1959 and 2004 (Boeing, 2005, p. 14). Despite this reassuring statistic, there are still a number of highly publicized aircraft accidents each year, some more dramatic than others, but all frightening in one way or another. Not all the accidents result in fatalities, although these tend to get the most attention, especially when public figures are involved."

Tags:aviation, accidents, response

Abstract
This paper examines the development of a homeland emergency response plan, focusing on the various agencies that were instrumental in creating it. The paper also highlights the areas covered by this plan.

From the Paper
"...Secretary of Homeland Security is charged with developing a National Response Plan, and such a plan was issued in December 2004. the plan provides structures, resources, and capabilities to aid in the coordination of federal support to state, local, and tribal response managers. In addition, OSHA has published its National Management Plan to clarify the policies of the agency during any response to a national emergency. The North Carolina Department of Labor, Division of Occupational Safety and health, is responsible for implementing functions deemed critical to supporting and..."

Tags:emergency, response, plan

Abstract
The paper looks at emergency response readiness in Columbus, Georgia, using a Department of Public Services plan posted online for public consumption. The paper highlights the failings of this emergency plan- various sections of the COOP self-assessment tool are completely ignored - and, even where a tacit acknowledgement of COOP protocols is made, the lack of detail is frustrating. The paper concludes that Columbus has a way to go if it wishes to protect its citizens from harm in the event of a catastrophic weather event - or any other event.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at emergency response readiness in Columbus, Georgia, using a Department of Public Services plan posted online for public consumption. Over the next several pages, the failings of this emergency plan will become apparent - various sections of the COOP self-assessment tool are completely ignored - and, even where a tacit acknowledgement of COOP protocols is made, the lack of detail is frustrating. In conclusion, Columbus has a way to go if it wishes to protect its citizens from harm in the event of a catastrophic weather event - or any other event."

Tags:response, readiness, georgia

Abstract
This document is a design proposal created according to the requirements of the system requirements specification document for an emergency dispatching system for the State of Victoria. The design proposal details how the system will log incoming calls to police, fire, ambulance and state emergency services, send dispatching requests to various services, monitor resource allocation and status and provide complete auditing facilities. The paper is written largely in point form and has many graphics.

Table of Contents:
1. Overall Description of the Proposed Design
1.1. Incident Calls and Information Gathering
1.2. Resource Allocation
1.3. Communication With Emergency Units
1.4. Auditing System
1.5. Conclusion
2. Constraints
3. Functional Requirements
3.1 Requirement - Incoming Call Screen
3.2 Requirement - Timer Initiation and Ending
3.3 Requirement - Dispatch Unit Screen
3.4 Requirement - Submit Incident Report to Auditing Subsystem
3.5 Requirement - Secure Access to System
3.6 Requirement - Description of Incident
3.7 Requirement - Cancel Incident Response
3.8 Requirement - Search and View Incident Log Records
3.9 Requirement - Issue Monthly Summary Report of Operations
3.10 Requirement - Status of Mobile Unit
3.11 Requirement - Communications
3.12 Requirement - Restore Unit to Operational Status
3.13 Requirement - Estimated Cost of Incident
3.14 Requirement - Interface to First Aid Databases
3.15 Requirement - Advise Hospital of Organ Donors
8. Structure Diagram
4. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
4.1 Context Diagram
4.2 Diagram 0
4.3 Diagram 1
4.4 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
5. Screen Designs
5.1 Incoming Call Screen
5. 2 Dispatch Screen
6. Hardware Requirements
7. Data Migration
8. Estimates
9. Estimated Costs and Benefits of the New System
9.1 Hardware and Software Costs
9.2 Labour/Manpower Costs
9.3 Tangible Benefits of the New System
9.4 Intangible Benefits of the New System
10. Test Plan

From the Paper
"The new system is composed of 4 sub-systems which provide a complete and accurate response to emergency incidents, both in the field and in the no less important realm of auditing. The auditing system is of prime importance to the Victorian Government as by law it must assess the Emergency Services to ascertain if they are functioning in an efficient manner and at a suitable level."

Tags:allocation, auditing, design, information, resource, response, system

Abstract
In the wake of the September 11th attacks, the author looks at how the United States is prepared to deal with emergency situations including not only acts of terrorism but also natural disasters. The author looks at the Stafford Act and the Federal Emergency Management Agency and what the brief is for these situations, with particular reference to financial relief. The author also looks at regulations for what constitutes a state of emergency, giving specific examples, and how various agencies and government bodies should respond.

From the paper:

"The severity of a natural winter disaster such as a blizzard affects the types of emergency relief called upon to prevent major damage. If the crisis is manageable on a purely local level, the city is mainly involved in plowing and spreading salt. If more physical aid is necessary, the state and county level must become involved to mobilize more equipment and human labor. Should an appeal for greater funding be necessary to address immediate damage from the federal government, the state may also be involved in such an appeal. This is particularly true, should more aid be necessary to help the victims of the emergency."

Tags:terrorist, attack, contingency, plans, emergency, federal, state, natural, disasters, floods, snowstorms, earthquakes, federal, government, federal, emergency, management, agency, Stafford, act, disaster, relief, support, response, recovery, state, of, emergency, florida, legislation

Abstract
This paper discusses a plan to implement an emergency disaster management system at a large hazardous chemicals plant in New York. The author includes specific steps that need to be taken, assigns roles, instructions for emergency response, etc.

From the Paper
"The plan should also contain detailed building plans of the chemical plant, so each team member knows the layout of the buildings. These layouts will include all storage areas, aisles, entrances and exits, windows; fire extinguishers, fire alarms, sprinklers, smoke/fire detectors, annunciators; shut-offs and master switches for power, water, gas, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) system, and elevator controls, etc. There should also be a detailed list of keys needed for entry to any and all buildings, and their locations."

Tags:disaster, recovery, hazardous, chemicals, plant, nyc, response, fire, evacuation

Abstract
This paper discusses Rudy Giuliani's leadership as he dealt with the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and their traumatic aftermath. The paper discusses areas where he could have improved his leadership and the outcome of the day's events but concludes that he demonstrated effective situational leadership on an inevitably chaotic day characterized by rapid developments and constantly changing conditions. The paper also asserts that he responded to the unprecedented crisis he faced with courage and determination.

From the Paper
"As the years have passed, questions have arisen regarding Giuliani's leadership on September 11, and some have claimed that the World Trade Center could have been evacuated more quickly, thus saving many more lives, if he had not located New York City's emergency response headquarters in that complex, which was an obvious target for a terrorist attack. As Sullivan (2001) notes, it is true that precious time was lost as Giuliani and city officials set up an alternate headquarters. But no one envisioned the towers collapsing, their structural design was supposed to render them impervious to collapse even in the event of a high impact plane crash and jet fuel fires, so this criticism is more a product of 20/20 hindsight than a valid argument to be made against Giuliani's leadership on September 11."

Tags:World Trade Center, airline response headquarters emergency