Abstract This paper examines how September 11 and other world events have impacted the airline industry, as well as why they were affected. It also discusses what measures they have taken to combat these effects and remain solvent and successful all the while.
Safety Fears
Measures Taken to Improve Airline Solvency
Historical Perspectives and Financials
Post 9-11 Travel
Governmental Bailouts
Effect of Iraqi Invasion on Airline Industry and Travel
Terrorism Fears
Airline Schedule Changes Related to Iraqi Invasion
Management Intervention to Stave off Bankruptcy
Management Cutbacks
Labor Concessions
SARS Outbreak and the Public Health Response Geographical Implications
Intervention of World Health Organizations
AirlineResponse to Ongoing Concerns
Continuing Labor and Financial Concessions
Marrying up of Major Carriers with Low-Cost No Frills Airlines Future Trends and Financial Outlook
From the Paper "Historically the airline industry has been resilient to trends. But the investment made in the September 11th attacks was relatively small ? It is estimated that the hijackers spent about $50,000 total for their accommodations, rental cars and airline tickets. But in the week which followed the attacks, the financial injury to the American economy became clear -$60 billion in direct costs to the US economy and well over $600 billion in stock market losses (Dallas Business Journal, 2003) . Perhaps the hardest hit was the airline companies. Questions were raised about airline security, and the airlines stood in significant danger of being named in thousands of law suits from families who lost loved ones in the attacks."
Abstract This paper presents a general outline of an industrial plant emergency plan by describing the roles of various members of the response team. The situations in which the plan would be put into action are also detailed. The chain of command in determining when an emergency situation has occurred is highlighted along with the various responses the team may choose to take. The paper concludes that any changes in such a plan must be reviewed by the team manager.
Table of Contents:
Objectives
Scope
Organization
Emergency Initiation
EmergencyResponse Team (ERT)
Industrial Plant Emergency Task Force (IPETF)
Emergency Information Center (EIC)
Requirements of the Industrial Plan Emergency Plans and Procedures
Criminal, Terrorist and Bomb
Fire Protection Plan
Medical EmergencyResponse Plan
Earthquake and Flood Control Plan
Major Power Outage Plan
Information Security Plan
Other Plans and Basic Format of the Plans
Bibliography
From the Paper "The ERT is responsible for the maximum protection of personnel, physical and digital assets and resources of the facility. The team shall remain in control of the emergency situation under the direction and management of the ERT Commander until the situation has been declared by the ERT Commander as contained or controlled. The ERT shall comprise members of the Industrial Security and Information Security Teams trained in various aspects of emergency planning and response procedures. They shall have undergone the following training (Community Emergency Response Team, 2007):..."
Abstract This paper discusses Rudy Giuliani's leadership as he dealt with the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and their traumatic aftermath. The paper discusses areas where he could have improved his leadership and the outcome of the day's events but concludes that he demonstrated effective situational leadership on an inevitably chaotic day characterized by rapid developments and constantly changing conditions. The paper also asserts that he responded to the unprecedented crisis he faced with courage and determination.
From the Paper "As the years have passed, questions have arisen regarding Giuliani's leadership on September 11, and some have claimed that the World Trade Center could have been evacuated more quickly, thus saving many more lives, if he had not located New York City's emergency response headquarters in that complex, which was an obvious target for a terrorist attack. As Sullivan (2001) notes, it is true that precious time was lost as Giuliani and city officials set up an alternate headquarters. But no one envisioned the towers collapsing, their structural design was supposed to render them impervious to collapse even in the event of a high impact plane crash and jet fuel fires, so this criticism is more a product of 20/20 hindsight than a valid argument to be made against Giuliani's leadership on September 11."
Tags: World Trade Center, airlineresponseheadquartersemergency
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts three separate aviation crashes and the effectiveness of the emergencyresponse teams and Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) crews that responded on the scenes of the crashes. According to this research, all three, American Airlines Flight 1420, a Canadair Challenger test flight and Korean Air Flight 801, had serious problems with the emergencyresponse, resulting in property damage, injury and loss of life.
From the Paper "Many people in today's world are afraid to fly, fearing death from terrorist strikes, hijackers, and mechanical malfunction. While statistics indicate that some of these are rational fears, the chances of death from a commercial airline flight are as high as 52.6 million to 1, according to the NTSB and US DOT (Kebabjian, 2005). Boeing reports only .88 accidents per million departures between 1959 and 2004 (Boeing, 2005, p. 14). Despite this reassuring statistic, there are still a number of highly publicized aircraft accidents each year, some more dramatic than others, but all frightening in one way or another. Not all the accidents result in fatalities, although these tend to get the most attention, especially when public figures are involved."
Abstract This paper explains that American Airlines has continued to grow in an industry, which has been characterized by many start-ups and failures. The author points out the way AA has emerged as an industry leader, competing effectively on a global scale. The paper evaluates the planning function of management at American Airlines.
From the Paper "It is not a good time for any of the airlines although passenger loads are at an all time high and projections are good for passengers for the summer, fuel prices are also way up and there is a price war between all of the carriers driving costs up and profits down. American Airlines has expanded rapidly in both domestic and international markets building a reputation for dependable and quality service. American Airlines has managed to grow in an industry that has ..."
This in-depth paper profiles the corporate and business practices of Southwest Airlines while primarily focusing on the company's approach to business ethics.
Abstract The writer of this paper analyzes the on-going success of Southwest Airlines which continues to remain a leader in the industry during an era when more and more airlines are facing closure and bankruptcy. This paper delves into the numerous crises faced by Southwest Airlines which the company has successfully managed to weather. The writer delves into the history of the company which began in 1971 with only three aircrafts while also discussing the company's primary goals and vision. This well-researched paper analyzes the business ethics and corporate structure of Southwest which states that their employees are hardworking, dedicated and highly motivated and a significant contributing factor to the company's overall success. This paper also contains the results of published studies as well as statistics and data relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
An Overview of the Business Ethics of Southwest Airlines How Southwest Airlines Handles the Various Crises
The Ethical Responsibility of Southwest Today and for the Future
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Donna Conover, the executive Vice President of Customer services, states that ever since she joined the company, more than twenty eight years back, she had always felt that the employees of the company were the greatest assets for the firm, and perhaps it is because of the policy that the company follows, which is that of never ever dictating pay cuts to its employees, that it has managed to keep all its employees happy and satisfied, and working hard at all times. This was seen in the fact that employees by themselves, during the Gulf War of the 1990's, when fuel costs skyrocketed, voluntarily reduced their pay for some time in order to cope with the escalating costs of fuel. In a similar manner, after the debacle of September 11, Southwest Airlines employees volunteered to take cut costs on their wages, so that the company may be able to cope better with its reductions in flying schedules. This type of loyalty for the company has as yet been unrivalled."
Abstract This document is a design proposal created according to the requirements of the system requirements specification document for an emergency dispatching system for the State of Victoria. The design proposal details how the system will log incoming calls to police, fire, ambulance and state emergency services, send dispatching requests to various services, monitor resource allocation and status and provide complete auditing facilities. The paper is written largely in point form and has many graphics.
Table of Contents:
1. Overall Description of the Proposed Design
1.1. Incident Calls and Information Gathering
1.2. Resource Allocation
1.3. Communication With Emergency Units
1.4. Auditing System
1.5. Conclusion
2. Constraints
3. Functional Requirements
3.1 Requirement - Incoming Call Screen
3.2 Requirement - Timer Initiation and Ending
3.3 Requirement - Dispatch Unit Screen
3.4 Requirement - Submit Incident Report to Auditing Subsystem
3.5 Requirement - Secure Access to System
3.6 Requirement - Description of Incident
3.7 Requirement - Cancel Incident Response 3.8 Requirement - Search and View Incident Log Records
3.9 Requirement - Issue Monthly Summary Report of Operations
3.10 Requirement - Status of Mobile Unit
3.11 Requirement - Communications
3.12 Requirement - Restore Unit to Operational Status
3.13 Requirement - Estimated Cost of Incident
3.14 Requirement - Interface to First Aid Databases
3.15 Requirement - Advise Hospital of Organ Donors
8. Structure Diagram
4. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
4.1 Context Diagram
4.2 Diagram 0
4.3 Diagram 1
4.4 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
5. Screen Designs
5.1 Incoming Call Screen
5. 2 Dispatch Screen
6. Hardware Requirements
7. Data Migration
8. Estimates
9. Estimated Costs and Benefits of the New System
9.1 Hardware and Software Costs
9.2 Labour/Manpower Costs
9.3 Tangible Benefits of the New System
9.4 Intangible Benefits of the New System
10. Test Plan
From the Paper "The new system is composed of 4 sub-systems which provide a complete and accurate response to emergency incidents, both in the field and in the no less important realm of auditing. The auditing system is of prime importance to the Victorian Government as by law it must assess the Emergency Services to ascertain if they are functioning in an efficient manner and at a suitable level."
Tags: allocation, auditing, design, information, resource, response, system
Abstract This paper discusses the history of terrorism and how it climaxed into the largest domestic terrorism act on September 11th in the United States. It focuses on the emergency services responses in New York City to this terror attack and explains how for many years these services have been preparing for such an attack.
From the paper:
"Three months America was introduced to terrorism on a level that it had never before experienced when two planes were crashed into the World Trade Center Towers in New York, causing them to collapse even as another plane plunged into the Pentagon and another, perhaps on its way to a Washington D.C. target crashed in a field in Philadelphia.
But while the plane crashes and the destruction that followed them were terrible, they could have ? and would have ? been much worse had not the cities and states involved worked closely with the federal government to contain the damage and limit the injuries and death."
A discussion of how the United States deals with states of emergency, what constitutes an emergency, how to deal with it and financial aid in the aftermath.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 59.95
Abstract In the wake of the September 11th attacks, the author looks at how the United States is prepared to deal with emergency situations including not only acts of terrorism but also natural disasters. The author looks at the Stafford Act and the Federal Emergency Management Agency and what the brief is for these situations, with particular reference to financial relief. The author also looks at regulations for what constitutes a state of emergency, giving specific examples, and how various agencies and government bodies should respond.
From the paper:
?The severity of a natural winter disaster such as a blizzard affects the types of emergency relief called upon to prevent major damage. If the crisis is manageable on a purely local level, the city is mainly involved in plowing and spreading salt. If more physical aid is necessary, the state and county level must become involved to mobilize more equipment and human labor. Should an appeal for greater funding be necessary to address immediate damage from the federal government, the state may also be involved in such an appeal. This is particularly true, should more aid be necessary to help the victims of the emergency.?
Abstract This paper discusses a plan to implement an emergency disaster management system at a large hazardous chemicals plant in New York. The author includes specific steps that need to be taken, assigns roles, instructions for emergencyresponse, etc.
From the Paper "The plan should also contain detailed building plans of the chemical plant, so each team member knows the layout of the buildings. These layouts will include all storage areas, aisles, entrances and exits, windows; fire extinguishers, fire alarms, sprinklers, smoke/fire detectors, annunciators; shut-offs and master switches for power, water, gas, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) system, and elevator controls, etc. There should also be a detailed list of keys needed for entry to any and all buildings, and their locations."
Examines the financial situation of airline companies in the U.S., the cost of improved airline security and how this will effect the airline companies.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 89.95
Abstract Security has become the greatest concern of United States government since the terrorist attacks of September 11. But while enhanced security is desirable, the costs that are associated with it are unfortunately causing numerous financial problems for airlines in the United States. The aviation industry is already suffering from slow economic growth in the country and now with extra security expenditure, many airlines fear they will fail to post profit in the next few quarters. The paper discusses the rising cost of security and how it is hurting airline business in the United States. The paper also sheds light on general condition of airlines immediately after September 11, which helps in understanding why extra security costs are highly undesirable in these financially chaotic times.
Abstract The paper provides an analysis of the airline industry in the USA and discusses its attractiveness from an economical point of view. In particular, the paper focuses on the two main competitors of American Airlines, Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines and their advantages. The paper then looks at the competitive advantages of American Airlines and the challenges and risks facing the company. The paper concludes with recommendations for the company to improve its strategies and thus ensure it maintains its position of market leader.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Analysis of the Industry
Analysis of Competitors
Firm Analysis
Recommendations
From the Paper "The airline industry in the United States of America is a developed one and there is the possibility of further development. American Airlines is the biggest air carrier in the US and has numerous strategic advantages, such as the capacity to take millions of people to five continents on a very well organized schedule, proving them with all the desired comfort using safe planes and a well organized route network. The company must nevertheless face the competition represented amongst others, by Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines. The major competitive advantages of these companies is represented by their capacity to take people to continents where American does not fly, such as Africa, their efficacious organization and their fare policies. "
Abstract The writer of this paper contends that despite the large amount of capital required to start an airline, the spotty record of profits in the industry historically, and the red tape that a prospective airline must go through in order to fly, the airline industry sees frequent new entrants and is thus highly competitive. The paper's author continues and states that airplanes themselves are relatively standardized, due to the engineering constraints of building machines that can fly, and due to the fact that there are only a small handful of manufacturers worldwide. So airlines differentiate themselves on three key features - price, service and routes. The paper's author examines the many factors that influence airline's decisions regarding operating procedures, service, routes and prices and attempts to evaluate the effects on airline profitability.
From the Paper "Another factor in terms of both price/demand elasticity and in terms of overall demand is that of substitutes. This is particularly true in the business travel sector, and in short haul leisure travel. Any viable form of transportation is a substitute for air travel, be it car, train or bus. Electronic communications and overnight couriers combine to provide another substitute in the business travel segment. This equates to price in that there is a point at which a business trip becomes an unnecessary luxury to be replaced with a conference call. For vacation travel, a similar phenomenon applies, whereby an alternate form of transport can be substituted if plane travel is too expensive. These other modes are often cheaper anyway, but take longer. To fly is to pay a premium for convenience. Should the price of that convenience become too high, the flight will not be taken."
Abstract In this essay, the economic implications of the airline industry are examined. The writer discusses the background of the airline industry. Further, the writer looks at planning and policy implications. Domestic and international airline markets are explored in this paper. The writer discusses the impact of deregulation on the airline industry. The issue of foreign capital investment and related security issues are also discussed. The writer looks at the role of the federal government in this regard.
From the Paper "The air transport industry is one of the most highly competitive in the world despite significant barriers to entry, arising from the large capital outlays required to purchase operate and maintain aircraft. As demand for international air travel has increased, alliances have been formed among domestic carriers as well as among international carriers. The result is that the market as a whole underwent a period of consolidation, which brought new pressure to bear on government regulators and which prompted some critics of the ... "
Abstract This paper discusses the ethical issues involved in the United Airlines case by which it has divested itself of its pension plans, as the leadership sought concessions from the unions in order to cut labor costs and so allow the airline to continue operating. It looks at how from the airline point of view, the issue was framed as saving jobs or closing the airline. For employees, though, the issue involved a breach of trust as the airline eliminated the pension system it had maintained.
From the Paper "The recent restructuring of employment agreements by United Airlines raises a number of ethical questions as well as business issues and the possibility of future regulatory issues. United Airlines reached the point of bankruptcy, or at least claimed that it was facing bankruptcy, and to forestall this conclusion of the company, the leadership sought concessions from the unions in order to cut labor costs and so allow the airline to continue operating. From the airline point of view, the issue was framed as saving jobs or closing the airline. For employees, though, the issue involved a breach of trust as the airline eliminated the pension system it had maintained. The issue is not solved by the fact that a federal court allowed this change, and indeed this fact only creates clear in others about what the government will allow an industry to do with funds entrusted to company pension plans across the country."
