Abstract This paper is a literature review on studies that have been done on standard safety measures in commercial aircraft. The paper also discusses new and revolutionary measures that have been researched and added on to pre-existing safety equipments, such as seatbelts, to ensure optimal safety measures.
From the Paper "Aircraft safety has become increasingly important during the last few decades. An increase in commercial flight accidents have for example also brought to light the need for better aircraft safety measures. For this reason, several studies have been conducted, with the result of new safety measures being implemented for commercial aircraft. Standard safety measures such as seatbelts and structure have been supplemented by revolutionary measures to ensure the safety of passengers and crew alike."
Tags: commercial aircraft, design, aircraft industry
Abstract This paper examines the history of composite materials in the aircraft industry, their uses, the benefits and downsides of their us, and their future applications.
Abstract This paper discusses how weather conditions have often been a contributing factor in fatal aircraft crashes, especially in private and civil transport aviation. The paper explains that this is because some of these pilots have not acquired sufficient practical or IFR experience to overcome the challenges imposed by overcast weather conditions in elevated terrain, or by intense fog on a landing approach. The paper stresses that this is especially when flying at night, when darkness can exacerbate these challenges. The paper illustrates how tragically, some pilots tend to underestimate the difficulties low ceilings or adverse weather systems can impose, or they overestimate their piloting skills.
Abstract This paper presents background information on the history of the aircraft industry and then takes a look at how the industry differs in various countries. The paper looks at the competition between countries in the aircraft industry and looks at why trade in the aircraft industry between countries is beneficial. The paper also examines different aircraft industry companies and the importance of a strong aeronautics industry from both a defense and economic perspective.
Table of Contents
Early History
Post World War II
Discussion Reasons for Advantages in Trade
Differences in Technology
Differences in Resource Endowments
Why is a Balance Trade So Important?
Building Weapons for the Aircraft War - Mergers and Governmental
Support
Other Non Domestic Competition
The Open Market/Future Competitors?
The Whole Story behind Large Commercial Aircraft Issues
The Bilateral Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft Conclusion
From the Paper " When the United States was drawn into World War II, the U.S. had no choice but to help its European allies. Because of its physical isolation from the fighting itself, the U.S. found that it's greatest strength in winning the war was its ability to manufacture the weapons of war for itself and its allies in massive quantities. German occupied France and any war related manufacturing was co-opted by the Axis. England was under constant bombardment, which interfered with the import of raw materials for manufacturing as well as the process itself. Long before "D" Day, the U.S. began to ramp up its manufacturing abilities to supply weapons, aircraft and ships for the on-going war."
Tags: barriers, manufacturing, goods, tariffs, imported, producers, domestic, England, France
Abstract This paper provides a critical examination and analysis of the use of business aircraft for corporate travelers. The discussion focuses upon the financial impact owning and operating extremely expensive business aircraft have on a business entity's bottom line. The paper notes, however, that as important as the high costs of such a course are, isolated economic factors are not all that have to be considered by corporations when weighing the positive and negative aspects of corporate aircraft ownership. The great expense involved in owning a business aircraft must be measured against the alternatives, which frequently incur the loss of valuable CEO time, decreased corporate privacy while in flight, increased schedule complications, limited airport access, decreased safety, and the loss of prestige involved in flying commercial carriers such as Air Yak when competitors are globe-trotting in their own thirty-eight million dollar Gulfstream V's.
Abstract How does cognitive psychology apply to the real world, most especially how does it apply to a specific occupation, that of the aircraft technician/mechanic? To answer these questions, this paper examines the meaning of cognitive psychology and the various psychologists who shaped this theory. The paper then explores the skills and duties required to be an aircraft technician.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
What is Cognitive Psychology
Early Twentieth Century
Reemergence Of Cognitive Psychology
The Aircraft Technician's Skills and Duties
How Does Cognitive Psychology Apply toward Understanding the Aircraft Technician's Job?
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Not only must an airplane mechanic know about airplanes, but also he or she must be able to multi-task on a regular basis. An airplane mechanic may be a specialist in airplanes or even certain types of airplanes but the occupation itself requires that the individual have a number of skills and be able to use any one of them at a moments notice. For instance, an airplane mechanic must be able to start and run aircraft in order to perform operational tests using live aircraft engine power. He or she must be able to both tow and service the aircraft. In order to do this, the mechanic must have passed specific licensing requirements."
Abstract This paper compares the use of unmanned arial vehicles (UAV) versus the use of manned aircraft in military observation tactics. The paper asserts that while there are limitations in the use of the UAVs and MAVs, as technologies in this area mature the limitations that are seen in today's craft will be replaced with new applications and technologies making these crafts even more viable for use than in the present. The number one advantage of these aircrafts is the fact that lives will be saved in the tactical reconnaissance mission phases of warfare. Savings will also be seen in the cost associated with reconnaissance missions in terms of fuel, costs of the aircraft, and the other savings of support for these aircraft.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Findings of the Research
From the Paper "The application that is most important in use of the UAV is clearly the avoidance of human beings in flight during reconnaissance missions better handled by unmanned vehicles. The goals set out by the DAPO development program in terms of 'airborne communications node reconnaissance applications were stated by DAPO to be: (1) reachback to exploitations resources in the continental United States; and (2) direct dissemination to warfighter. (DAPO, 1998) DAPO states that the Information Workgroup Elements of the Global ISR Exchange includes the elements as follows:
(1) Information Consumers;
(2) Reconnaissance/Surveillance Product and Service Information Procedures;
(3) Value-added resellers;
(4) Information Brokers; and
(5) Exchange Regulators. (DAPO, 1998)
"Exchange regulators will be those responsible for establishment and enforcement of rules and regulations for operation and use of the global ISR information exchange."
Abstract This paper explains that, if the corrosion on aircraft is undetected or untreated, corrosion problems can lead to structural failures and, hence, pose a great safety risk. The author points out that the most popular method of corrosion prevention is the use of chromate surface treatments of the aluminum structures; however, using hexavalent-chromium compounds for surface coating is an environmentally unsound practice because chromium is well-known as a highly toxic and carcinogenic agent. The paper relates that tackling corrosion at the designing and manufacturing phase is key to successful control of the corrosion menace; proper maintenance also occupies a significant role in remedying the damage and in prolonging the life of the aircraft.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Corrosion Problem
Corrosion Control (A Design and Manufacturing Issue)
Corrosion Control by Coating
Maintenance Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper "Cervical corrosion occurs when a corrosive fluid gets inside the joints or penetrates the coated surface. Both the forms of corrosion are dangerous and can result in cracking of the metal surface. The problem is more pronounced in aging aircrafts which are exposed to corrosive materials over a long period of time. The 1988 Aloha Airline B-737-200 incident was an eye opener to the dangers of corrosion. Due to undetected corrosion the whole fuselage of the plane got separated in mid air. This incident led to the formation of the "Aging Aircraft Task Force Steering Committee" which is currently known as the "Airworthiness Assurance Working Group"."
Abstract This paper firstly discusses the most important component that fails in a reciprocating engine, the human component. It investigates an accident of a big aircraft, Lockheed Super Constellation, in order to qualify this opinion. The paper then examines the Cessna as an example of engine problems as a cause of aircraft accidents. The author stresses that it is the pilot error that causes 95 percent of the accidents for reciprocating engine aircraft.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Now let us look at the causes of accidents from an engine point of view. Both turbine engines and reciprocating engines process air in the same manner and that means that they both have intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. In the reciprocating engine one step has to follow the other and in the turbine engine all the processes proceed all at the same time and without any interruption. The other difference is that in the turbine engine there are separate components decided for the particular operation of the cycle, while in the reciprocating engine, all the functions take place in the same combustion chamber. The design of each engine gives certain benefits and advantages, and when the issue is considered from thermal efficiency, reciprocating engines are easily more efficient. They have a complex design, but the engine has had a longer period to be developed and perfected. The general view is that turbine engines have simplicity of motion and this has given a reputation for being more reliable, though it burns more fuel than a reciprocating engine."
Abstract A discussion about a career as an aircraft mechanic. The writer uses five sources to explore the education and skills that are required for the career. It examines the changing airline industry and evolving occupation of aircraft mechanics. Includes details of what the profession entails and what skills are appropriate as well as the positive future outlook for those who choose to work in the field.
From the Paper "The airline industry is an ever-changing field. There are many types of aircraft being used today, including, freight, commercial passenger and private passenger planes. Each plane has to be built, maintained and fixed when something goes wrong. The field of airplane mechanics is a growing and always changing area of job exploration. Skills as an aircraft mechanic can be utilized in the armed services, the commercial airline field, or at an airfield with private aircraft. They can also be used to work where airplanes are sold and brought in for maintenance and repair. It is a field that promises to continue expanding and as the world continues to globalize the opportunities will continue to increase."
Abstract This essay will argue for the influence of the aircraft carrier during World War II and discover why this form of Naval craft was so useful for strategic purposes for naval warfare. The elements of the ship's usage will be explained, along with an overview of how the ship was used to help win the Great War. By relating all of these factors, a better understanding of naval history will prove how it's invention was essential to the history of strategy on the seas. By studying some of tactics that the British, Japanese, and Americans used during the Second World War, a clear understanding of the aircraft carrier as a strategic weapon can be made.
Abstract This paper shows that the introduction of a personal aircraft with a cost under $50000, short take off and landing capability and the ability to safely travel on residential streets might have a significant impact on society. This is provided that regulations were relaxed enough to make the sale and use of such vehicles legal and practical. The paper examines what kind of infrastructure and regulations would be needed to introduce personal aircrafts into our society and who they would benefit.
From the Paper "While the use of aircraft would reduce highway traffic, the sky would become quite crowded, especially near major landing zones. As with traditional aircraft, strict air traffic control would be required for busy areas to prevent mid-air collisions. Having three dimensions in which to move does reduce the risk of collision with another vehicle; personal aircraft would probably be involved in far fewer multi-vehicle collisions than cars are. Most crashes would be single-vehicle accidents caused by user error. The social impact would ultimately depend on changes to regulation and infrastructure."
Abstract This paper discusses how and why errors are made in aircraft maintenance and how they can be prevented. The author stresses the need for teamwork and checks and balances. The paper reviews aircraft safety procedures.
From the Paper "As in any highly complex system, errors occur in aircraft maintenance operations. However, unlike most work performed by professional mechanics, failure to perform aircraft maintenance properly can place human lives at risk. Workers can never eliminate risk, but proper procedures performed by competent well trained and well-equipped maintenance personnel can reduce these risks significantly. Errors can easily occur when maintenance responsibilities fall on one person. Safety assurance should rely on a qualified team of technicians instead of one person. In other word, when only one person ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the hazards that exist for aircraft cabin crew in the workplace. It describes the need for implementing OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) regulations in the aircraft cabin environment. The paper then looks at the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) re-authorization bill which was created with the aim of clearly establishing guidelines for safety in the cabin regarding all issues pertaining to the employee's health, safety, injury and emergency requirements.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Some Potential Hazards
OSHA Enforcement Scheme and Enforcement Issues
Some Notes on the FAA Stand
Conclusion
From the Paper "From the facts detailed above it is clear that there exists a danger to the in-flight crew from various defects and hazards of aviation. There is no denying that injuries caused to personnel on account of tripping, falls are the major accidents to crew members is serious. The accident may be caused by slippery floors, tripping over baggage or air turbulence, fire hazards, smoke, or emissions, bacteria and fungal infections, reduced oxygen, low humidity and ozone problems with fumes, altitude and infectious diseases. As such we may say that there is discrimination for the flight crew and legal anomalies affect the enforcement and application. Power struggle and interdepartmental struggle has caused the non implementation of OSHA and it is therefore clear that there exists a need to include cabin crew into the ambit of protection. Since both the responsible agencies have failed to implement the existing regulations, it is suggested that the government form a body separately for the aviation industry. This agency must lay down rules of operation and safety of personnel for all aircraft that is registered with the US, enforcing the rules over the FAA on a statutory basis, rather than an inter-department understanding. That appears to be the only solution to this problem of not including flight staff because of bureaucratic rivalry."
Abstract This paper describes the SR-71 Blackbird, which was built during the Cold War as a spy aircraft, and is the only production plane to fly at speeds of up to 2,100 miles per hour. The author provides a detailed description of the aircraft and the technology with which it was outfitted, and explains its capabilities and how it was used by the U.S. military. Some of the missions on which the Blackbird was used are discussed, and some of its statistics and world records are listed. The paper concludes that without the Blackbird, the United States may have not won the Cold War and might not be the super power that it is today.
From the Paper "When the Blackbird first took flight in 1964, it met, if not exceeded all expectations. It was built and designed to be the fastest, stealthiest, most reliable spy aircraft in its class, and it did just that. The SR (strategic reconnaissance)-71 Blackbird had many characteristics that proved it was the right plane for the job. For example, the most typical thing someone thinks about when they hear the plane's name is that it is really fast. And, they are right. The Blackbird can fly at about Mach 3.17-3.30; this is about 2,100 miles per hour. For a real life example, the Blackbird can fly from New York to London in under 2 hours. (Kucher) As of today, the top record speed for the plane, and for all production aircraft, is 2,193 miles per hour. (Sharpe, 89) The only plane to beat the Blackbird's speed record is the X-15, but this does not count because it is not a production aircraft."
Tags: ramjet, radar, CIA, Lockheed, Reagan, navigation, engine, failure, camera
