Abstract This paper presents background information on the history of the aircraftindustry and then takes a look at how the industry differs in various countries. The paper looks at the competition between countries in the aircraftindustry and looks at why trade in the aircraftindustry between countries is beneficial. The paper also examines different aircraftindustry companies and the importance of a strong aeronautics industry from both a defense and economic perspective.
Table of Contents
Early History
Post World War II
Discussion Reasons for Advantages in Trade
Differences in Technology
Differences in Resource Endowments
Why is a Balance Trade So Important?
Building Weapons for the Aircraft War - Mergers and Governmental
Support
Other Non Domestic Competition
The Open Market/Future Competitors?
The Whole Story behind Large Commercial Aircraft Issues
The Bilateral Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft Conclusion
From the Paper " When the United States was drawn into World War II, the U.S. had no choice but to help its European allies. Because of its physical isolation from the fighting itself, the U.S. found that it's greatest strength in winning the war was its ability to manufacture the weapons of war for itself and its allies in massive quantities. German occupied France and any war related manufacturing was co-opted by the Axis. England was under constant bombardment, which interfered with the import of raw materials for manufacturing as well as the process itself. Long before "D" Day, the U.S. began to ramp up its manufacturing abilities to supply weapons, aircraft and ships for the on-going war."
Tags: barriers, manufacturing, goods, tariffs, imported, producers, domestic, England, France
Abstract This paper is a literature review on studies that have been done on standard safety measures in commercial aircraft. The paper also discusses new and revolutionary measures that have been researched and added on to pre-existing safety equipments, such as seatbelts, to ensure optimal safety measures.
From the Paper "Aircraft safety has become increasingly important during the last few decades. An increase in commercial flight accidents have for example also brought to light the need for better aircraft safety measures. For this reason, several studies have been conducted, with the result of new safety measures being implemented for commercial aircraft. Standard safety measures such as seatbelts and structure have been supplemented by revolutionary measures to ensure the safety of passengers and crew alike."
Abstract This paper examines the history of composite materials in the aircraftindustry, their uses, the benefits and downsides of their us, and their future applications.
Abstract Over the last decades we have seen airlines come and go, with the commercial aircraftindustry whittled down to an industry dominated by two manufacturers: The Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company and Airbus Industries. Several commercial aircraft companies have fallen by the wayside, with Douglas, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed to name a few. This paper examines some of the aspects of the development of the Boeing 777. It begins with with the environment, changes in Boeing's design process, technology, testing, expected demand, cost and, finally, why the Boeing 777 is considered the best in the industry.
From the Paper "One of Boeing's cornerstone goals for the 777, "Day One Service Readiness", was accomplished by conducting extensive testing and integration throughout the program. To do this, Boeing created an Integrated Aircraft Systems Laboratory to integrate and test all of the avionics systems. This testing was useful in moving development work forward to allow early Extended Twin-engine Operations (ETOPS) certification."
Abstract The paper discusses the market strategies of Boeing and Airbus and how the EU has assisted Airbus' international performance. The paper shows how the aircraft manufacturing and airline industry are intricately dependent on each other. The paper provides a SWOT analysis of both Boeing and Airbus. The paper concludes that although the EU may operate in line with Boeing's vision of the airline industry, national pride within the EU will ensure that Airbus and its A380 has a presence in its major airports.
Outline:
Overview
The European Union
The AircraftIndustry Boeing
Airbus
Conclusion
From the Paper "The civilian aircraft industry, in spite of its sheer domination by only two major competitors, Boeing and Airbus, is a hugely competitive industry with billions of dollars at stake annually. Airbus alone experienced revenues in 2004/2005 of E22.3b while Boeing, for the same period, took in 55% of the total market value of passenger jet orders ("Airbus" pars.5-12). The increasingly open and fractured market across the European Union (EU) has also created a raft of opportunities for both these aircraft manufacturers to capitalize on. However, because of the market strategies that each aircraft manufacturer has taken, Boeing would seem to have an operating advantage in the short term within the EU although nationalistic tendencies may prevent Boeing from capitalizing on its advantage."
Abstract A discussion about a career as an aircraft mechanic. The writer uses five sources to explore the education and skills that are required for the career. It examines the changing airline industry and evolving occupation of aircraft mechanics. Includes details of what the profession entails and what skills are appropriate as well as the positive future outlook for those who choose to work in the field.
From the Paper "The airline industry is an ever-changing field. There are many types of aircraft being used today, including, freight, commercial passenger and private passenger planes. Each plane has to be built, maintained and fixed when something goes wrong. The field of airplane mechanics is a growing and always changing area of job exploration. Skills as an aircraft mechanic can be utilized in the armed services, the commercial airline field, or at an airfield with private aircraft. They can also be used to work where airplanes are sold and brought in for maintenance and repair. It is a field that promises to continue expanding and as the world continues to globalize the opportunities will continue to increase."
Abstract This paper discusses the Comet jet airplane accidents of the early 1950?s, and the profound effects they had on certain aspects of our society. The author examines the various effects a technological disaster has on our lives and the world around us, as well as how our views towards the technology may be altered after a technological disaster.
From the Paper:
"By examining the jet aircraftindustry, but in particular the British jet aircraftindustry after the accidents, we are able to gain insight into what people's conceptions were, and why certain events unfolded as they did. With any technological disaster, trust in the product is often lost very quickly, and various actions are often taken to try and restore this trust. By examining these actions we can better understand how many people felt about the technology after the disasters. Lastly, not all technological disasters have purely negative connotations. Much can be learned from technological accidents that eventually lead to important improvements in the technology. By examining one major technological failure and its various effects we can gain a better understanding of how we are affected by technology as well as how our views towards the technology may be altered."
Tags: airplane, disaster, effects, history, social, technology, aircraft, industry
Abstract The writer of this paper analyzes the ongoing debates regarding the effects of fossil fuel emissions on the environment. This paper focuses on the role of the airline industry, which is a major contributor to this growing problem. This paper details the cause and effects of CO2 and NOx emissions, derived from the aviation industry and its resulting impact on the environment. This paper provides relevant insight into various aspects of the aviation industry, including the individual companies, aircraft manufacturers and ground support industries. This paper details the findings of the 2003 Rolls Royce environmental report, which stressed the need for immediate changes in the industry. The report emphasized the need to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper discusses what measures have been taken by carriers and manufacturers to control emission levels and reduce pollution. This paper delves into the business practices of various companies, including JetBlue, which currently utilizes some of the most fuel efficient aircrafts available. This paper examines and details the new breakthrough technologies, that are proven successful in substantially reducing air pollution levels. This paper also contains an illustrative graph, citing toxic emission levels, relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Fossil Fuels and Efficiency
Aviation and the Ozone Layer and Acid Rain
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "Another area for improvement in regard to fuel efficiency and reduced pollution in the aviation industry comes down to how carriers use airports for landing, loading and getting the plains back in the air. "Large airlines use a hub-and-spoke model in which flights are clustered around peak flying times at a few major airports. Low-cost carriers, such as Southwest Airlines, JetBlue Airways and AirTran Airways, do not use hub airports. Instead, they fly "point-to-point," which means they adjust their schedules and routes frequently to keep airplanes flying longer with the maximum number of passengers. The hub-and-spoke model is the most convenient for passengers, but the "point-to-point" system can bring in the most money on shorter routes. The hub and spoke model used by the major airlines for example has been the industry standard for many years because of the advantage of providing a broad geographic umbrella."
Abstract This paper explains that it can be argued that no Soviet experimental plane got off the ground without significant contributions from aircraft and engine designers from other nations. The writer points out that the few designers and planes mentioned in the paper are not all of the experimental designs produced in the first 40 years of the Russian aircraftindustry. It argues that they may well be representative and include the successes of great Soviet designers, none of whom was able, whether by virtue of design necessity or manufacturing inadequacy, to make a completely Soviet airplane design and get it off the ground.
From the Paper "After World War II, the Soviet aircraft industry was still not completely indigenous. It still had to obtain what it needed where it could, as it was now driven not only by internally developed pride, but also by a need to keep up with the air power of the United States. Within two months of the first flight of the prototype of the North American Sabre in the U.S., the Soviet's debuted the prototype of the MiG 15 on December 30, 1947. Despite being Soviet-developed, the MiG 15 "displayed strong Germanic influence" (Lee, 1959, p. 138) and, in fact, had used the Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet rather than the Lyulka axial-flow turbojet made in Russia. The Nene engine did have to be adapted for Russian production, but this event did begin to bring Soviet aircraft design within striking distance of its Western neighbors."
Abstract This paper contends that the demand for third party maintenance within the airline industry is accelerating given the rapidly increasing cost of airliners, cost of fuel and the increasingly complex and costly regulatory environment. The paper also states that these factors are making maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) the central focus on third party maintenance in the airline industry globally. In this paper, the author examines the factors leading to the rise in third party maintenance, criteria for choosing maintenance providers and the framework for evaluating MRO strategies. The paper contains a diagram and a tabe.
Outline:
Introduction
Significant Change in Progress in MRO Providers' Business Models
Considerations and Benchmarks for Selecting Maintenance Providers
Framework for Evaluating MRO Strategies
Summary
From the Paper "The use of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to assure airline operators that their MRO measures of performance are attained, in conjunction with the development of dashboards and scorecards that can provide real-time access to data typify the highest performing airline operators. Contracts are typically thirty six months in duration and all have a specific clause that defines the minimum level of performance by each specific key performance indicator or metric. Airline operators are also increasingly relying on MRO services to increase their potential revenue streams, as Lufthansa is doing for example with Boeing engines. The transition of MRO providers into taking on more third party programs including Asset Management, surpassing their traditional role as components fix-and-replace service companies is now in full force. The many cost factors that are forcing airline operators to focus on MRO partnerships at a more fundamental and strategic level is completely re-ordering the relationship of airline operators, service providers, and components contractors. As the costs associated with operating an airline increase so will the reliance continue on MRO as a strategic alternative."
Abstract This paper shows that the decline in airline revenues post-9/11 served to further exacerbate the rise of low-cost airlines and the financial fragility of airlines with high fixed costs. As 9/11 devastated revenues for large airlines with high costs, low-cost airlines flourished. Further, the trend toward low-cost airlines seems to be here to stay, illustrating the dangers of inflexibility and high fixed costs in the cyclical airline industry. The paper presents a literature review of articles and websites on the topic.
From the Paper "In the fallout following the events of 9/11, several major airlines filed for bankruptcy, including Swissair, U.S. Airways, United Airlines, and Sabena. Airlines struggled to reduce high fixed costs, and cost-cutting initiatives quickly followed apparent revenue decreases, as close to 15 percent of the industry workforce lost their jobs in the last quarter of 2001. In the six months after September 11th, close to 1,000 aircraft were grounded, and some companies had close to 50% reductions in both flight frequency and routes. These cost reduction efforts were often successful, as Delta reduced costs by U.S. $1.1 billion, and United reduced costs by U.S. $1.2 billion (A. T. Kearney, Inc.)."
Abstract This paper discusses how weather conditions have often been a contributing factor in fatal aircraft crashes, especially in private and civil transport aviation. The paper explains that this is because some of these pilots have not acquired sufficient practical or IFR experience to overcome the challenges imposed by overcast weather conditions in elevated terrain, or by intense fog on a landing approach. The paper stresses that this is especially when flying at night, when darkness can exacerbate these challenges. The paper illustrates how tragically, some pilots tend to underestimate the difficulties low ceilings or adverse weather systems can impose, or they overestimate their piloting skills.
Abstract This paper mainly discusses the post-industrial society and the transition process from industrial to post-industrial society. By using the articles and the ideas of Castells, Bell, Negri and Hardt, the writer explains how the post-industrial society has emerged, and predicts the shape of post-industrial society in future. The writer also tries to construct his own point of view about the post-industrial society and explains the reason why he calls post-industrial society a digital society.
From the Paper "Post-industrial society is a conception of late 20th century, which simply emphasizes the declining dependence of the societies on mass manufacturing industry and the increasing roles of service sector, knowledge and information technologies in production. By contrast the industrial society, which precedes post-industrial society, refers to the mass production (factory-based) as the dominant form of production. I think the best definition regarding post-industrial era has come from Daniel Bell, who is also considered as the father of post-industrial society. He suggests that post industrial society includes the birth and growth of a knowledge class, change from goods to service sectors and change from blue-collar to white-collar occupations. For him, all of these could be based on an increasing dependence on science as a means of innovation as well as a means of technical and social change."
Tags: globalization, industrial, post, society, sociology, digital, production, communication, network
Abstract The paper refers to a well-known advertisement from the diamond industry which emphasizes that diamonds are forever, but the marketing may be superfluous because the demand for diamonds in the United States remains strong today. The paper notes that many observers, though, suggest that the diamond industry in the United States is being manipulated by international terrorist organizations to fund their operations at home and abroad. Others suggest that the market is being unfairly controlled by the major players in the diamond industry to keep supplies low to maintain current pricing levels. The paper provides the background and an overview of the global diamond industry, followed by some salient facts concerning this industry. The paper discusses the most and least dominant firms (in terms of size, investments and income) in the diamond industry which is followed by an analysis of how major players in the industry collude to keep diamond supplies on the world market low and prices high. A summary of the research and important findings are presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Facts about the International Diamond Industry Most and Least Dominant Firms in the Diamond Industry Conclusion
From the Paper " The Central Selling Organization (CSO) buys the rough from mines owned or controlled by De Beers, from cartel members, and also from independent producers. As a result, much of world production flows through the CSO to be sorted, valued, and ultimately resold" . By sharp contrast, perhaps the least dominant firm in the diamond industry, especially in the United States, is the Crater of Diamonds State Park located in near Murfreesboro, Arkansas, the only diamond mine in the country that allows the public, for a modest price, to dig for and keep the diamonds they find. Other firms in the United States involved in the diamond industry include the New York Diamond Dealers Club, which is a 2000-member private organization for site holders, manufacturers, wholesalers, and brokers".
Abstract This paper deals with the issue of the industrial revolution and it's impact on American woodworking. The paper discusses pre-industrial revolution times, what happened during the industrial revolution and tells what is in the future of American woodworking.
From the paper:
"The Industrial Revolution had a tremendous impact on American woodworking. It took woodworking from little shops in villages to huge industrial factories within large cities throughout America. The Industrial Revolution also changed the tools used in woodworking and altered production methods as well. "This was a period in history when new inventions changed the way that people built things and changed where people worked and how they lived" (Industrial Revolution Booklet, 1998, p.1)."
