Abstract
The following paper will argue that Leonard Blusse's, Bitter Bonds, is an excellent introduction to the intersection of race, gender and class in Asia and Europe during the seventeenth century. The next several pages will look at such things as how Dutch law subordinated women and how socio-economic strivings and realities often compelled the formation of marriages predicated more upon a desire for money than for anything else; some time will also be devoted to showing how Blusse captures the racist attitudes that often doomed - or at least complicated - inter-marriages between Dutch men and Asian women. Finally, and not least of all, it will be pointed out how Blusse's text, by presenting the parties in his narrative as human beings deserving of some sympathy (if not whole-hearted support) breathes an air of authenticity into the work by suggesting that they are victims (yes, even Johan Bitter is a victim) of a culture that explicitly sets up hierarchies formulated along race, class and gender lines.

From the Paper
Illuminating the Intersections of Race, Gender and Class in Asia and Europe during the Seventeenth Century: A Review of Bitter Bonds by Leonard Blusse The following paper will argue that Leonard Blusse's, Bitter Bonds, is an excellent introduction to the intersection of race, gender and class in Asia and Europe during the seventeenth century. The next several pages will look at such things as how Dutch law subordinated women and how socio-economic strivings and realities often compelled the formation of marriages predicated more upon a desire for money than for anything else; some time will also be devoted to showing how Blusse captures the racist

Tags:blusse, leonard, bonds

Abstract
Once again, there is talk in the air about a potential baseball strike or a lockout by the owners after the 2002 season. Over the past 20 years, particularly, strikes and threats of strikes in the four major professional sports have almost become a way of life. Even the NASCAR racing league is not immune, as we will see in this paper.

Tags:collective, bargaining, sports

Abstract
The air traffic control system was designed in the 1950s and has changed little since that time except to increase in size along with the increase in air travel. The system has been strained at times and represents a very stressful work environment for air traffic controllers. The system is viewed as still safe, but at the same time, demands have been made that the system be modernized as the size of air traffic continues to increase.

From the Paper
The air traffic control system was designed in the 1950s and has changed little since that time except to increase in size along with the increase in air travel. The system has been strained at times and represents a very stressful work environment for air traffic controllers. The system is viewed as still safe, but at the same time, demands have been made that the system be modernized as the size of air traffic continues to increase. Plans along those lines have been made and proposed and are being considered. New technologies are being recommended for inclusion in the future ATC system, such as satellite navigation and positioning. This idea was

Tags:air, traffic, control

Abstract
This essay looks at the role of air power in the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-88, arguing that it was largely used as a deterrent to an escalation in the conflict. First, the author examines how air power was used in the conventional role during the conflict. It then goes on to look at the vested interest that both sides had in not escalating the war. The essay explains how this led to air power being used to dissuade both sides from intensifying the conflict. The author states that international opinion, especially that of the United States and the Former Soviet Union, may also have a influenced both sides from having a more aggressive air conflict.

From the Paper
"Air power during the Iran-Iraq war was used to a small degree in conventional combat roles. It was used on a number of occasions, primarily during the early stages of the conflict, in the ground attack role. On the arguable first day of the war, 22nd September 1980, Iraqi air assets conducted strikes on towns, cities, airports and industrial instalments. Of importance, this included attacks on 10 Iranian airfields. In retaliation, the Iranian air force struck back at two Iraqi airbases on the same day. Over the following days, such Iraqi strikes continued with lesser intensity until by the 25th September they were largely limited to attacks on easily reachable bases close to the border. Paralleling the Iraqi actions, similar ground attacks by Iranian air assets also continued until the 25th September when they stopped almost completely."

Tags:Arab armies, air force, Middle Eastern Wars, air power

Abstract
This paper describes the task of air traffic controllers, which is to ensure safety for commercial and private aircraft, and various issues they encounter in their work. First, the paper discusses how the air traffic control system is run by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and the ATCSCC (Air Traffic Control System Command Center) which is the at the head of all traffic control management. Then, the paper examines situations and conditions which can make the work stressful and difficult. Next, the paper considers staffing and management of air traffic controllers. Other issues that are explored include aircraft separation criteria and other safety measures. Finally, the paper addressed costs in air traffic control and the possibility of privatization. The paper concludes by discussing radar systems of communication and their importance.

From the Paper
"The air traffic control system is run by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration, which uses the airspace divisions to guide the system. The ATCSCC (Air Traffic Control System Command Center is the at the head of all traffic control management. Problems such as bad weather, traffic overloads, and faulty runways are also under the jurisdiction of the ATCSCC. There is one Air Rout Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) for each center. The function of this entity is to handle air traffic within each sector except for TRACON and local airspace. The Air Each airport has an Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT), which handles takeoff, landing, and ground traffic. The Flight Service Station (FSS) focuses its service and information on small airports and rural areas, where private pilots are in need of information such as the weather, route, terrain, and flight plan. The FSS also handles emergencies and search-and-rescue missions for aircraft that are missing or overdue."

Tags:Air Rout Traffic Control Center, Federal Aviation Administration, TRACON, ADS-B

Abstract
This paper discusses the regulatory environment for air pollution and its control in the Ann Arbor region, noting that Ann Arbor is key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution.

From the Paper
"Air pollution affects the Ann Arbor region as it does other major cities, and Ann Arbor is also key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution. This organization and researchers at the University of Michigan provide recommendations, expertise, and analysis for various governmental organizations at different levels across the country to address the regulatory issues raised by air pollution and the need to reduce it and its effects."

Tags:michigan, air, pollution

Abstract
This paper describes what the author believes would comprise a utopian society. In the paper, the author describes a utopian society as one that has a diverse population and attractive community features such as open-air spaces, parks, and recreational facilities, measures for controlling population density and sufficient job opportunities and transportation systems. The paper also suggests that a utopian society would also need broad and attractive architectural styles, nearby rural areas and be ecologically and environmentally friendly.

From the Paper
"Thomas More may have been one of the first people to envision a Utopian society in the 16th century. He wrote of a city that eliminated both poverty and exploitation based on employment for all (Porter, 2003), a radical concept at the time. More recently, the city of St. Louis, Missouri experimented with creating a Utopian-like residential community called "LaClede Town," named after one of the city founders. A large community of town houses, it was near the center of the city and encouraged an artistic, artsy atmosphere. A variety of talented people lived there, including Eddie Saxon (as a child), who went on to produce major movies such as "Philadelphia." Built in the sixties, residents were a mix of multiple races and income levels. The complex's racial mix was reflected in changes that took place in a local all-black church, that became integrated as white LaClede Town residents began attending (McGuire, 1995). However, LaClede Town was an island surrounded by declining areas. It addressed residential issues only, and ultimately failed and was razed (McGuire, 1995)."

Tags:people, young, old, sexes, races, sexual, orientations, racial, classes, freedom, choice

Abstract
This paper discusses the trend of race stereotyping on American television. Using 1951 sitcom "Amos 'n' Andy" as a benchmark, the author points out how racism and stereotyping of African Americans have changed throughout the years. The paper also discusses other modern black African-American sitcoms such as the "Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" and "The Cosby Show". The author concludes that by taking a closer look at the many similarities between "Amos 'n' Andy" and modern black shows, one can conclude that racism is still very much present in American television, however, they all have at least one positive factor - influencing minority groups', specifically blacks' in moving toward equality.

From the Paper
"Racism has been omnipresent in American society for longer than any living American can remember. It has changed from overt racism (e.g., slavery, segregation) to more covert forms, continuing the "tradition" from the background. One of the reflections of America's racism can be seen in television programming. Following the trend, television's racism has changed significantly, pleasing those who would believe that racism is limited to individual acts of aggression towards members of minority groups."

Tags:sitcoms television racism, African Americans

Abstract
This paper will discuss the Strategic Defense Initiative, and all of the facets of history that tie it to the nuclear arms race, which it was supposed to defend against. By understanding the many political, economic, and nuclear powered reasons why the defense of the United States was needed, the objective of the Strategic Defense Initiative can be explained. With all of the objections, and the positive qualities about the defense system at hand, we can see why it was created, and under what circumstances this was made. With the pieces of the international nuclear threat as a foundation to the creation of the program, as well as the idea of world war in the threat of Russian capabilities, it is not hard to see why this initiative was created to stop air born missiles from satellites armed with powerful lasers.

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the life and aviation achievements of Amelia Earhart. Through her achievements, the writer demonstrates why she had such a significant influence on women's advancement and aviation in general.

From the Paper
"The life and aviation career of Amelia Earhart left a tremendous impact on the world of aviation. While there were other female pilots before Earhart, many of them faster or more decorated, Earhart's popularity with the public helped expand the role of women in aviation more than any female flier of her era. When the Wright Brothers' plane took to the air women were still prohibited the vote and viewed as inferior to men,when it came to what was considered a male occupation like ..."

Tags:George Putnam, Fred Noonan, Neta Snook, Lindbergh, navigation, air racing, barnstorming, ambition, gender, feminism, flight, pilots, publicity, WWI, Roosevelt