Abstract
This paper reviews an article from the "African Journal of Business Management" by Ukpata and Olukotun entitled "The Effect of Organizational Development on the Nigeria Economy", which underscores the need to implement the correct types of reforms at the right time. Next, the author applies this contextual issue in planning, conducting and evaluating an organizational development intervention at a hospital. The paper concludes that the primary job of the organizational developer is to assist the client in establishing realistic goals and expectations no matter what type of organization is being addressed.

Table of Contents:
Article Review
Ukpata and Olukotun's "The Effect of Organizational Development on the Nigeria Economy" from the "African Journal of Business Management", (2008).
Summary
Key Themes/Arguments
Strengths/Weaknesses
Discussion
Contribution of the Article
Contextual Issues in Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating an Organizational Development Intervention
Case of an Ailing Hospital
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Managerial focus is another problem that developed from the previous managerial intervention. The focus of the training was on building managers, instead of leaders. They learned how to manage the technical aspects of the job, but they did not learn the types of leadership skills that will spur an organization into its best performance. Leaders set an example, rather than dictating. They focus on inspiring others to do their best rather than simply issuing mandates. They focus on finding the root cause of problems rather than just placing the blame on someone."

Tags:study, change processes, country reforms, intervention accountability

Abstract
With the World Economic Forum having ranked the Canadian banking system as the healthiest in the world, the contrast with the ailing U.S. banking system is painfully obvious. This paper will examine the ideological influences that shaped the regulation of the Canadian banking system, in particular contrast to the banking system of the United States, and hypothesize that Canada's greater sensitivity to crisis-a characteristic of small, close-knit nations-explains the ideological course of its banking history.

From the Paper
Ideological Influences on the Canadian Banking System 1. Introduction: The Historical Context With the World Economic Forum having ranked the Canadian banking system as the healthiest in the world, the contrast with the ailing U.S. banking system is painfully obvious. This paper will examine the ideological influences that shaped the regulation of the Canadian banking system, in particular contrast to the banking system of the United States, and hypothesize that Canada's greater sensitivity to crisis--a characteristic of small, close-knit nations--explains the ideological course of its banking history.

Tags:canadian, banking, stability

Abstract
This paper looks at the beneficial facets of the placebo effect, and presents the placebo effect as an effective, ethical treatment. It maintains that the placebo effect is an effective and safe therapeutic practice for ailing patients, rather than a deceiving scheme of doctors. The term 'placebo' is defined and the ethical dilemma of using the placebo effect is discussed. Results of studies that show the effectiveness of the placebo effect are examined and the writer offers a personal opinion on the matter.

From the Paper
"The philosophy of the mind continues to attract fans in this modern age of psycho-enlightenment. Alternative medicine, including Western medicine, has slowly permeated into the vessel of the United States Health Care System (USHCS). New treatments for diseases are constantly being tested in clinical trials, and a lot of patients pay close attention to their results, hoping to learn about the latest medication that will change their lives. Moreover, the data from these trials is easy to misinterpret, and it can lead to unnecessary fears or false hopes. The manifestations of therapeutic placebos and its' ethical infringements are of no strangers to the antagonistic views of its skeptics. The skeptics, essentially patients and opponents of the USHCS, feel that it is a doctor's moral commitment to inform to them whether the medication administered is simply that a placebo or else wise. It is quintessential not to generalize that all patients are skeptics to the placebo effect."

Tags:alternative, medicine, treatment, cure

Abstract
In this paper the writer notes that there is a contest going on between conventional and alternative methods of treating sicknesses. The writer points out that conventional or traditional medicine relies on pills and other forms of mechanical intrusion into the ailing body, while alternative or holistic medicine aims at restoring the ailing body's balance by filling up its depleted energy field. The writer discusses that opponents have come up with views of the healing touch method as mere superstition, which cannot be outwardly proved, but notes that it continues to gather advocates among the public. The writer explains that the healing touch is an alternative method of addressing and correcting human illness, especially psychological illness, by intruding into the patient's depleted energy field and manipulating it. The writer concludes that the healing touch should be recommended but should not replace what is strictly within the proven or commonplace jurisdiction of traditional or conventional medicine.

Outline:
Introduction
Body
Summary and Recommendation

From the Paper
"A typical session starts with the patient sitting or lying down and the practitioner moves his hands over the patient's body without needing actual contact. The practitioner senses rough areas in the energy field. He is able to make an assessment or "diagnosis" in a few minutes. Many patients feel the sweeping motion made by the practitioner with his hands as a kind of warmth or pleasant vibration. The practitioner should desire the patient's well-being in order to produce the effect. Dr. Krieger said that the healing that follows is not a new concept. The touch somehow changes or improves the body's hemoglobin levels and this leads to the restoration of health. She insisted that the body's energy field is an electromagnetic phenomenon."

Tags:treatment, process, energy, processes

Abstract
This paper presents research on sibling care-giving to ailing parents. The paper gives voice to the experiences of both primary and secondary sibling caregivers. The author conducted focus group discussions on inequity in the sibling caregiver relationship, which indicated that the siblings who provide less care are highly sensitized to imbalanced care giving relationships. The author theorizes that siblings who provide less actual care try to redress inequitable care giving by using cognitive strategies to justify their under involvement, whereas those who provide more care use both behavioral and cognitive strategies to redress such inequities. This paper is intended to serve as a first step in identifying some of the rationalizations used by secondary as well as primary caregivers. The paper provides the author's own research, as well as a review of the field's literature. The paper analyzes the findings of her focus groups and then offers suggestions to bring equity into the sibling care giving relationship.

Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Distress is Observed As A Result of Inequity
Efforts Are Made To Restore Equity As A Result of Distress
Forging Actual Equity
Forging Psychological Equity
Methodology
Sample
Analysis
Results
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Siblings may move apart both geographically and emotionally during their young adult years. However, the illness of an aging parent can signal a new phase in the relationships among adult siblings who must confront the issue of providing parent care (Connidis, 2001). Unfortunately, many siblings do not assume a fair share of the care giving tasks, and instead, one sibling typically provides more care than the others (Cicirelli, 1992; Suitor & Pillemer, 1996). More-involved siblings may experience frustration and anger toward those who are less involved in care giving (Strawbridge & Wallhagen, 1991), whereas the less-involved siblings may feel guilty about not assuming their fair share of responsibility (Brody, 1990). Both those who are more involved and those who are less involved may feel distressed and take steps to change the situation. In this paper, we examine inequalities in parent care responsibilities and illuminate ways in which siblings seek to redress this imbalance."

Tags:parents, sick, dying, brothers, sister, caretaking, caregiving

Abstract
This paper discusses whether there is a "better death" when someone is ailing and expected to pass away versus the experience mourners engage in when one passes away in a tragic accident such as those who passed in the 9/11 attacks on America. The author postulates that there is, truly, no "better" death just differing ways of accepting it. The paper examines the culture of death in society through discussions of what, if anything, constitutes the "better" death as related in religion and literature.

From the Paper
"Death is a topic not often discussed and probably one of the most feared aspects of life, indeed, is the end of life. As Shakespeare wrote, "Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear, Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come" (Julius Caesar). Death constitutes an end and, at that, one which is mysterious in that no one is precisely certain what happens after death; is there a heaven and hell as the Judeo Christian system relates; is reincarnation a possibility - what happens? But, beyond this fear of the unknown, is the unmatched loss that death leaves in its wake. Throughout the course of this paper examines the culture of death in society through discussion of what, if anything, constitutes the "better" death."

Tags:death, reactions, better

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of an African-American family. The paper describes the family dynamics, introduces the ailing father, the mother with two jobs, and the two very different daughters. The paper discusses this family situation from the perspective of a home-visit nurse. The nurse's moral and ethical obligations are explored in relation to each member of this family.

Outline
Case Study
Further Information Obtained through Three Initial Visits
Ethical Dilemmas
Analysis of Dilemma
Resolution and Reasoning for Resolution
Underlying Personal and Professional Philosophies as Related to Resolution
Conclusion: Relevance to Nursing Profession

From the Paper
"The visiting nurse held several interviews with all of the members of the Martin family in order to get a better sense of the optimal care she could provide, not only to Gerard, but also to the rest of the family in the context of his care. From the interview with Donna, it was discovered that she no longer felt "responsible" for Gerard, which was one reason why she did not spend her limited free time with him, but instead stayed in her room watching the television set in there and reading books. She expressed concern for the daughters, but also stated that "they were old enough to take care of themselves." Furthermore, she said that since Marcia does such a good job taking care of her father, she was happy to leave it to her. It should be noted that Marcia is not her biological daughter, although she has helped to raise the girl from the time she was 7 years old."

Tags:diabetes, drugs, dysfunctional

Abstract
This paper looks at how Freud's "Civilization and its Discontents" offers unique insights into the psychoanalytic workings of the human mind which may help to explain how many of the atrocities which face the characters in Elie Wiesel's "Night" could be rationalized by these characters' oppressors. The essay also focuses on analyzing Eliezer's relationship with his friends and ailing father throughout the novel as well as looking at events of the Holocaust as a whole.

From the Paper
"This statement, written by Freud years before the Nazi party began separating Jews and other undesirables from their community, describes one of the most important aspects of Human nature that allowed the Nazi movement to be so effective and appealing to those involved. Aggression is one of man's most natural instincts that must be fulfilled if Humans are to stay in an emotionally balanced state. Civilization however, impedes upon this urge toward hostility. The Nazis understood this, and in turn realized the necessity of clearly identifying a separate faction for the Aryans to project their anger and enmity toward without being shunned by society. The trick in this becomes identifying this separate party of outcasts and displaying them such that the population will accept them as the others. The first step in this process is presenting the ideas to the public as to why these people ought to be their antagonists. Hitler's oratory skills seemed to have a knack for accomplishing this. As in Sighet, another primary step was forcing these pariahs to wear arm bands, visually separating them from the insiders. Now, not only are the ideas implanted within the Aryans but they are also able to see each and every person who they are encouraged to direct their aggression toward. In doing this, the Nazis have tailored society to aid the id in that the superego is now believing that this aggression is acceptable and the ego is free act on it without opposition. The hostility immediately began to flow and the entire process began to progress."

Tags:germany, human, nature, nazi, psyhoanalytic, psyhoanalytical, sigmund

Abstract
Due to the failure of nursing homes in providing adequate care to the elderly, a new industry has emerged in the United States, which is rapidly gaining popularity among caregivers and their aging loved ones. This industry is commonly known as Adult day care, which aims at providing socializing and medical services to the aging and ailing population of our country. The paper sheds light on the emergence of this industry and the reasons for its rapid growth, along with such subjects as rights of participants and the common features of a suitable adult day care program. The paper discusses cost-related issues associated with these programs in detail.

Abstract
Kmart, the third largest retail company filed for bankruptcy when it was simply unable to get rid of its debts and its ailing outlets nationwide couldn't find their way back to the right track. Many are of the view that it is the management's fault because Conaway has absolutely no experience in apparel and also knows little about running a 2,100-stores chain. But the truth is that Kmart was suffering long before Conaway set foot in the company and several top management shake-ups had not been able to change anything. Therefore, it all boils down to Kmart's strategy and this is the one area where it works extra hard.