Abstract
The paper examines Lu Xun (1921) "The True Story of Ah Q" and introduces its main events and discusses the author's purpose in calling for a social reform movement in China. The paper notes that Lu Xun did not support the Chinese Communists after 1911, seeing the progression as stalled and later, the need for the Communists and Kuomintang to work together to oust the Japanese in the 1930s. The paper further discusses how Lu Xun is associated with China's Trotskyist movement calling for stages of revolution to include social reform efforts, first.

From the Paper
"Lu Xun or Lu Hsun was a pen name used by Zhou Shuren (1881-1936) when publishing different short stories that usually offered criticism of Chinese society. Lu Xun wanted a radical change in China that he saw had to remove old and often repressive social customs. His early life allowed him to see a good deal of what life was like for ordinary Chinese as he was born to poor parents yet had an educated mother to encourage his studies. Lu Xun studied at the Jiangnan Naval Academy, the School of Railways and Mines in Nanjing and then became a medical student at Sendai..."

Tags:lu xun, ah q, review

Abstract
The paper examines "The True Story of Ah Q", which appeared in 1921 as a story attacking archaic ways of thinking in Chinese society. The paper describes how this book portrays the everyday sufferings of a typical Chinese vagrant and his daily battles to remain alive and to keep his self-respect. The paper explains that, when publishing the story, Lu Xun hoped that it would inspire people of conscience to want to do something towards alleviating poverty and promoting social reform.

Outline:
Introduction
The Story
Political Significance

From the Paper
"Lu Xun or Lu Hsun was a pen name used by Zhou Shuren (1881-1936) when publishing different short stories that usually offered criticism of Chinese society. Lu Xun wanted a radical change in China that he saw had to remove old and often repressive social customs. His early life allowed him to see a good deal of what life was like for ordinary Chinese as he was born to poor parents yet had an educated mother to encourage his studies. Lu Xun studied at the Jiangnan Naval Academy, the School of Railways and Mines in Nanjing and then became a medical student at Sendai in Japan. He also became familiar with social reform movements in China which he supported and at the turn of the 20th century saw the need for a literary movement to convince more people of what had to leave Chinese culture if the country was to be more humane, let alone to modernize."

Tags:social, customs, reform, poverty, repression, mentality

Abstract
This paper explores Thomas Hardy's poem "Ah, are you digging on my grave?" The paper explains Hardy's concept of death and highlights the poem's satirical tone. The paper notes that the poem also contains autobiographical elements.

From the Paper
"Ah Are You Digging on My Grave." In his poem "Ah Are You Digging on My Grave" by Thomas Hardy, the poet challenges Western society's conventional beliefs about death. Aparna Zambare writes in Library Journal that in this work as in some of Hardy's other poetry, the dead still have a voice. In the poem the deceased is a woman who at the opening of the poem senses a shifting in the earth above her grave."

Tags:thomas hardy, poetry, point of view, characterization death

Abstract
This paper describes the life of Lu Hsun and explains how his experiences influenced the writing of his novel, "The True Story of Ah Q". The paper also summarizes the plot of the book and demonstrates, through the use of examples from the book, that the author's objective in writing the story was to expose the weaknesses in the Chinese soul and national character.

From the Paper
"Around 1906-1907, Lu Hsun involved himself with literary pursuits and wrote several essays and made some translations of important Russian works. Literature became his vital tool for change and he felt he could guide his people in the right direction with his pen. His literary career however took off in 1918 after the October Revolution of 1917 and coincided with May Fourth Movement of 1919. His desire for change and revolution led to his immortal work The True Story of, Ah Q that established his position as the pioneer of new literature movement in China."

Tags:anti-imperialist, anti-feudal, sentiment, ching, dynasty, nanking, peking, ruling, class

Abstract
This paper discusses three works of non-Western literature, particularly "Ah Bah's Money", "The Bondmaid" and "The Tale of Genji". It is the author's view that all three works are ironic stories of duality and betrayal on certain levels. These stories show the shattered dreams of youth. As well, these stories reveal the gender problem, as we see the crude sexism of Singapore society. It is through the education that these writers give us that awareness can begin to liberate the peoples in these societies.

Abstract
The paper is an account of the Chinese revolution including Sun Yat-Sen, the Ch'ing Dynasty, the Wen Zi Yu laws , the Confucius way of thinking, and a biography of Lu Xun himself. It discusses how Lu Xun was able to capture the essence of the Chinese people during the revolutionary times. It also details the significance of Ah Q's name and its significance to the story. A major point that is made in this paper is how fictional Ah Q is a representation of Lu Xun's world, and how he represents the common man by giving many examples. It also demonstrates how Lu Xun's characters in "The True Story of Ah Q" represent the resistance and the promotion of the changes that were taking place in China during their revolution.

From the Paper
"The last dynasty to ever rule in China was the Qing/Ch'ing Dynasty. This particular dynasty was very corrupt and did not meet the needs of its countrymen and women. "The Ch'ing dynasty was established by the Manchus, who invaded China and captured Beijing in 1644, and lasted until 1911. The term Ch'ing means "pure," and it was used to add legitimacy to an alien rule" (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001). It is ironic to see that the term Ch'ing means 'pure', because it was anything but pure. The Ch'ing dynasty had kept its people oppressed by not responding to their everyday needs. Literature was even under attack when the Wen Zi Yu laws went into effect. The Wen Zi Yu laws outlawed anybody to write anything against the government, and it also let the government control what was acceptable and what was unacceptable (Wikipedia Encyclopedia : online source). "

Tags:ah, ch, chao, confucianism, dynasty, freedom, liberation, lu, q, qing, ren, republic, sen, sun, wen, xun, yat, yu, zi

Abstract
This paper discusses advertising in the Turkish market and particularly in the banking and financial services sector. In the Turkish market the single most important aspect for the advertiser or marketer is accounting for the Islamic culture and Shari'ah or Islamic law. In Turkey, politics, religion, and culture are all inter-related and must be considered in the development of a marketing plan and marketing collateral.

From the Paper
"Advertising in Turkey is both an exercise in modern media development and an exercise in extreme cultural sensitivity and it is difficult to navigate between them. Past researchers have noted that Turkey is an evolving advertising market: "One of the major driving forces behind this transformation has been the rapidly growing media, which have promoted Western-style lifestyles, values, and consumption through private radio and television channels" (Uray & Burnaz, 2003, para. 7). While developing advertising strategies and marketing collateral for a cosmopolitan area like Istanbul is less problematic than other regions of the country, great care must be made to accommodate the cultural factor in the Turkish market. This is especially important in the financial and banking sector in Turkey that not only operates within an Islamic culture but within a legal framework of Shari'ah or Islamic legal restrictions."

Tags:turkey, shari'ah, islam

Abstract
This paper explains that aviation was only eleven years old when war broke out in 1914, but the obvious military potential of aircraft inspired a tremendous acceleration in aviation technology during the next four years. The author points out that the concept of combat air support, specifically coordinating offensive tactical air power with ground force operations, remained virtually non-existent until 1939 when the Nazis introduced the world to an even more frightening new form of warfare, which they called 'blitzkrieg'. The paper relates that, by the Gulf War in 1991, the AH-64 Apache helicopter gunship with its computer controlled, multiple target tracking systems and night vision capabilities rounded out the modern close air support and ground attack capabilities of the American military.

Table of Contents
The Origins of Military Aviation
The Luftwaffe Introduces Tactical Combat Close Air Support
The Evolution of Tactical Combat Air Support
Modern Combat Air Support

From the Paper
"The machine gun accounted for most of the casualties in World War I trenches, so in very short time, it was also adapted for use in aircraft, but it remained too difficult to employ effectively as a tactical weapon until the Germans introduced the interrupter gear that enabled accurate forward firing through the propeller. By war's end, military aircraft had evolved to the point that squadrons of fast, nimble combat aircraft fought bitter duals to the death high above the battlefield. The British pioneered the development of maritime aircraft, even successfully deploying HMS Ark Royal (subsequently renamed Pegasus), the world's first, albeit primitive, "aircraft carrier" in limited combat."

Tags:blitzkrieg, gun, helicopter, pegasus, bombers

Abstract
This paper examines how, of all the themes of poetry, the personal quest for a sense of a "true self" and authenticity, the essence of true being, is one of the most prevalent. In particular, it explores how much of the poetry of Matthew Arnold and Walt Whitman is an excellent example of this theme, specifically, in how the self, the world, and true reality of life is an immense struggle to behold. It analyzes the poems, "The Buried Life," "Are You The New Person, Drawn Toward Me?," "Ah, Poverties, Wincings, Sulking Retreats," and "In Paths Untrodden," which seem to show most clearly how both of these men sensed, searched for, and struggled to maintain a sense of self in the world.

From the Paper
"In the poem, Arnold evokes a world with which many are all too familiar. Indeed, many would say that the buried life he describes in the poem is the universal human struggle, a representation of a harsh world in which the individual vaguely aware of a freedom he or she has buried long ago, perhaps in childhood. Arnold writes, "With tears mine eyes are wet!" the reader knows that sadness will be the theme, but a "nameless sadness"" a melancholy to which, perhaps all artistic people are all too familiar. A sadness, "To which thy light words bring no rest,/And thy gay smiles no anodyne." Here, Arnold alludes to the frivolity, the facade of the "gay world"" of the inability of the world to mask the nameless reality just beneath the surface, that, despite the varied distractions of the "surface" life, occasionally comes to the surface, evoking the dull ache of longing."

Tags:sulking, retreats, paths, untrodden

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of the U.S. Supreme Court by Blacks, Chinese and others to end discrimination, segregation and disenfranchisement by initiating and challenging regional legal decisions. The paper describes important U.S. Supreme court cases of this period: Roberts vs. the City of Boston ("separate but equal" doctrine), Ho Ah Kow vs. Nunan (discrimination against Chinese), Plessy vs. Ferguson (state's rights to enact its own laws) and Buchanan vs. Warley ( states cannot officially segregate African Americans into residential districts).

From the Paper
"For example, the Chinese, who comprised a critical element in building the fortunes of the West, were denied many of the rights whites freely enjoyed. The Chinese persevered in this hostile climate and succeeded in broadening the definition of "American." The Chinese achieved Constitutional rights and led the way for other immigrant groups yet to come. In Ho ah Kow vs. Nunan, Ho Ah Kow sued a San Francisco sheriff who followed a racially-motivated law that decreed all prisoners have their hair cut at the uniform length of one inch long upon entering jail."

Tags:Roberts, vs., the, City, of, Boston, disenfranchisement, separate but equal, doctrine, Plessy, vs., Ferguson, Buchanan, vs., Warley