Abstract
While federalism has been a critical element in the history of Canada, in recent decades its continued utility has been called into question given the comparative retreat of federal power vis-a-vis the provinces, the rise of conflicting sovereignties (e.g., Quebec and Aboriginal), and the reduction in national sovereignty in numerous policy areas with the rise of transnational economic authorities in an era of globalization. This essay will address this question with reference to the modern history of Canadian federalism. Beginning with a discussion of federalism and its decentralization/centralization dynamic tension, arguments for a stronger central authority will be advanced with respect to the twin internal/external challenges of: (i) conflicting community identities; and (ii) globalization. As will be seen, while it is undeniable that Canadian federalism has been of limited utility in recent years, an understanding of its historic role suggests that only a renewed and reinforced federalism is capable of meeting the external and internal challenges facing the Canadian state in the 21st century.

From the Paper
A Moderate Success: The Recent Evolution of Canadian Federalism and Its Importance to the Country's Future Introduction While federalism has been a critical element in the history of Canada, in recent decades its continued utility has been called into question given the comparative retreat of federal power vis-a-vis the provinces, the rise of conflicting sovereignties (e.g., Quebec and Aboriginal), and the reduction in national sovereignty in numerous policy areas with the rise of transnational economic authorities in an era of globalization. This

Tags:federalism, canada, history

Abstract
The paper discusses how federal forms of government must incorporate the fiscal needs and requirements of lower levels of government. The paper explains that while lower levels of government in Canada which are the Provincial governments and the local governments do have methods at their disposal to raise revenues, the federal government is obligated to share some of its revenues with these lower level governments. The paper describes how fiscal federalism is the system by which federal governments transfer funds in the form of grants or other financial instruments to lower levels of government (Vaillancourt). The paper clarifies that in this sense, fiscal federalism is a revenue sharing program between a federal or central government and the other levels of government beneath it.

From the Paper
"Federal forms of government must incorporate the fiscal needs and requirements of lower levels of government. While lower levels of government in Canada which are the Provincial governments and the local governments do have methods at their disposal to raise revenues, the federal government is obligated to share some of its revenues with these lower level governments. Fiscal federalism is the system by which federal governments transfer funds in the form of grants or other financial..."

Tags:fiscal, federalism, equalization

Abstract
In this article the writer examines contemporary federalism with regards to education in America. The writer specifically discusses the 'No Child Left Behind Act' of 2001. The writer describes the historic federalist system and the New Federalism in this paper. The writer also examines the power of federal authority over education.

From the Paper
"'Power: Who has it and who wants it more?' are two themes that resonate throughout the halls of government every day. Federalism, the division of powers between a central government and regional governments often causes struggles over the relative powers of each level of government. In the United States, where government is divided into federal state and local entities, each level exercises separate powers within their own spheres of authority. By establishing such a system the Framers sought to create ... "

Tags:education, federalism, government, NCLB

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the issue of sustainable agriculture and food production. The writer studies the use of applied geo-information science upon agriculture around the world. The writer explores production systems in agriculture and also takes a look at agricultural management. In conclusion, the writer underscores not only the importance of applied geo-information science to the successful development of sustainable agricultural practices, but the writer also touches upon why it is that geo-science is practicable despite its complexities.

From the Paper
"The following paper will explore sustainable agriculture and food production and consider how applied geo-information science can be utilized to secure the future of agricultural production the world over. With the aforementioned in mind, the paper will look at agricultural production systems as well as methods in both developed and developing countries. Similarly, the next several pages will explore some components of agriculture management and forecasting and pause to explore food production, security, and Early Warning Systems - and how geo-information science can improve upon the former by strengthening the latter two. Finally, the paper will look at some of the representative material available vis-a-vis applied geo-information science and a brief conclusion will be offered as to what the paper has ultimately uncovered. In the final analysis, the ..."

Tags:sustainable, agriculture, information

Abstract
This paper describes the agricultural industry in Cananda, which is noted as a vital force in the Canadian economy for centuries. According to the paper, today agriculture remains a major contributor to Canada's trade in international markets. The paper further notes that when Canada first became a country, agriculture was its primary industry, and although this is no longer true, the Canadian agriculture industry remains of great importance in the Canadian economy.

From the Paper
"Agriculture has been a vital force in the Canadian economy for centuries and today remains a major contributor to Canada's trade in international markets. When Canada first became a country, agriculture was its primary industry, and although this is no longer true, the Canadian agriculture industry remains of great importance in the Canadian economy: "Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, from 2001 to 2005, contribute to Canada economy around 20-25 billions each year and is accounted for, on average, by 2.2% of Canada GDP" (Statistic Canada). Even though agriculture shares a small percentage of GDP..."

Tags:agriculture, industry, canada

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the industrial revolution and its effects on agriculture. The paper reviews the pre-industrial history of agriculture as well as the sweeping changes within the agricultural sector during the eventful period when the manufacturing sector was being transformed by a wave of technological innovation. The paper concludes by noting how inextricably linked are agricultural change and technological change.

Tags:agriculture, changes, technology

Abstract
This paper discusses the effect on agriculture on changes in fuel costs, the market economy, and technology. It notes how changes in the external environment have affected the way those in agriculture do business and so the prices charged at the market, adding to costs or reducing them, depending on the nature of the change and the way farmers are able to respond.

From the Paper
"Agriculture is like any other sector of the economy and is affected by many of the same forces, including changes in fuel use and fuel prices, the market economy, and technology. The first of these forces is in the news now as agriculture has to raise its prices to cover higher fuel costs for farm machinery and for delivery costs. The nature of the economy affects agriculture by raising prices for other goods, which also can cause farmers to raise their prices to stay ahead of inflation. New technology can be both a capital expenditure to buy what is needed and a boon by increasing production and reducing costs over all. Such changes in the external environment have affected the way those in agriculture do business and so the prices charged at the market."

Tags:agriculture, fuel, economy

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the Great Depression on agriculture in the US. It further gives an account of the pre-Depression depression suffered by the farm economy in the 1920s and why it had an effect on the Great Depression.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the Great Depression on agriculture as well as the decline in agricultural production as a feature of the Great Depression. The plan of the research will be to set forth the basic facts about the Great Depression and then to discuss the dynamics of agricultural production and the human demographics surrounding them with a view toward evaluating why the status o fagriculture was so important a factor of the event. In popular imagination the Great Depression is..."

Tags:Great Depression, Agriculture, farm economy, New Deal, Dust Bowl

Abstract
This paper argues against the national model of Canadian federalism in relation to the problem of ethnic conflict and immigration issues in the country. The paper shows how by understanding the complex legislation that marginalizes local indigenous populations and the neighborhood communities through labor markets, is clear that federalism is no being applied with effective results for ethnic unity. The paper asserts that this promotes a more propagandistic and ideology idea of federalism, which is not practical within the constraints of labor issues that arise for immigrant groups.

Tags:france, england, federal

Abstract
This paper explains that Nigeria is a country that has long been plagued by divisions, which have hampered significantly its development as a legitimate member of the 21st century global community. The paper analyzes the conflicts between the rural and urban sectors, between religious groups, amongst local tribes and between native Nigerians and the massive foreign corporations investing in Nigeria. The paper concludes that, if these factions can come together as a country and unite on issues such as global warming and providing health care, there is reason to believe that the country will experience serious growth and success in the 21st century.

From the Paper
"Along the same lines of division between religious groups exists the division between various local tribes in Nigeria. One of the most significant things preventing Nigerian nationalism has been the development of regional political parties born of ethnic groups. The extent of ethnic division in Nigeria is evident in the two constitutions that Nigeria at one point had. The Clifford Constitution, adopted in 1922, introduced a legislative council for the first time in Nigeria. However, Britain, who controlled Nigeria at the time, excluded the north from participating in the newly adopted government."

Tags:agriculture tribes federalism, health care, oil