Abstract
The paper discusses the findings of this study where calming music and hand massage was used with agitated elderly. The paper discusses how these experimental interventions using calming music and hand massage reduced agitation more than no intervention, the benefit of the intervention was sustained for up to one hour, the increased benefit over time of the intervention was similar for each group and, when different types of agitated behaviors were examined separately, none of the interventions significantly reduced physical aggressive behaviors, however, physically nonagressive behaviors decreased.

Tags:nursing, study, critique

Abstract
The following paper examines how agitation, which is broadly characterized by anxiety accompanied by restlessness, is by far the most common cause for psychiatric consultation for the aged. The writer discusses how attempts to meaningfully categorize different agitated behaviors are in their infancy. The writer discusses why it is essential to distinguish truly problematic behaviors that dictate immediate intervention from "nuisance" behaviors or symptoms, such as repetitive questioning or non-upsetting visual hallucinations, which are probably better managed through caregiver education.

From the Paper
"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for the elderly aims to change the way patients behave by focusing on the actual behavior rather than basing the solution on the emotions of the individual being treated and the associative causes. These include behavioral disorders of elderly patients which may result from emotional reactions to the hardships or crises of life such as psychoses, which is characterized by deranged thinking and behavior and often require hospitalization; psychoneuroses, which are chronic disorders that affect a person's ability to function and that may be accompanied by bodily symptoms and psychosomatic disorders, such as gastric or duodenal ulcer, certain skin diseases and stress."

Tags:nature, bodily, automatic, sensations, build, skill, cope, relaxation, breathing, exercises, self-talk, negative, thinking, patterns, behaviors, psychodynamic, roots

Abstract
This paper discusses that both President Woodrow Wilson and labor agitator Eugene Debs made important speeches as WWI began. However, the law was not as tolerant of free speech then as it is today. The paper reports that Wilson, in his speech to Congress, emphasized that he was not seeking revenge even though Germany was attacking American ships, but rather saw America's entry into the war as a means of defense; armed neutrality was no longer possible. The author explains that Eugene Debs, Socialist Party candidate for president, made his speech to a group of working people, opposing the war and claimed it was just one more example of the way the working class is exploited by the capitalist. He was imprisoned for this speech.

From the Paper
"Wilson is also clear about what this move will involve--the need for funding, the need to gather large numbers of troops, the need to organize the resources of the country, the need to get the people to support the war, and so on. He is taking the first step by gaining the support of Congress, after which he and members of Congress will have to garner support from the public. Wilson goes into other aspects of his decision that he believes are important, such as indicating that the war is with the leaders of Germany and not the German people, that the primary concern is for peace, and that this is the beginning of a new age. Interestingly, he also points to the Russian Revolution, then only a few weeks old, as evidence of a new democratic spirit, showing either that the Russian Revolution changed directions after this or that Wilson misconceived what was taking place there."

Tags:free, germany, constitution, congress, exploitation

Abstract
The paper examines the central character of the civil rights movement with reference to the book "Local People" written by John Dittmer. The paper discusses how fundamentally, the civil rights movement was a fragmented movement nationwide, divided largely over the issue of agitation and violence. The paper adds that locally, it often fell to ordinary people to fight for the cause of equal rights.

From the Paper
"The fundamental significance of John Dittmer's "Local People" is that it documents the strides that seemingly powerless individuals within society can make towards reaching their dreams through sheer perseverance and toughness. In Mississippi, unlike most other southern states, the struggle for civil rights was truly a grassroots movement. Although this term is routinely thrown around regarding the movement, in very few notable cases was the battle for equal rights for black Americans brought together purely by "local people." Essentially, much of the civil rights movement in the mid portion of the twentieth century was organized and led by members of larger organizations; the NAACP, the SNCC, the SCLC and the Nation of Islam being the most public of these. However, Dittmer's central theme is that ordinary people are capable of significantly changing American society and that grassroots movements can succeed."

Tags:local, people, rights

Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of anti-psychotic (neuroleptic) drugs which are an essential treatment method in controlling psychotic behavior. The writer of this paper examines how and when certain types of neuroleptic medications are used. Psychotic behavior is qualified as the persistent manifestation of hallucinations, delusions, agitation or disorganized thinking. Psychotic syndromes are characterized on a chemical basis by faulty neurotransmitter production, emission and uptake. Neuroleptics, now known as old or traditional anti-psychotics, work to inhibit the excess dopamine in the brain which result in psychotic behavior. This paper discusses the diagnosis and various treatments currently available for psychotic behavior, as well as their success rates. Despite the often unpleasant side effects and the chemical limitations of neuroleptics, despite their inability to truly end psychotic syndromes, they are a necessary part of treatment.

Table of Contents:
What Are Neuroleptics?
Why Are They Used?
How Do They Work?
How Are They Used?
Bibliography

From the Paper
"When a patient has established a level of efficacy along with stable, manageable side effects, secondary drugs are often prescribed to help manage those side effects. The most common combination is neuroleptic, antiparkinsonian agent, and anti-depressant. Antiparkinsonian agents are far and away the single most common, as 70% of all known neuroleptics cause extra-pyramidal symptoms. Diuretics, anti-inflammatories, and mild stimulants are also common to counteract the more physical discomforts of neuroleptic use. Of particular interest when prescribing and using narcoleptics is the prevention of tardive dyskinesia, which was a nearly inevitable side effect from prolonged use of anti-psychotics."

Tags:mental, health, treatment, medical, diagnosis

Abstract
This paper discusses how, of all the short stories written by Gilman, "The Yellow Wallpaper" best expresses the symbols of depression which reflect the mental dilemma of the narrator, Gilman herself. The paper identifies and explains these literary symbols employed by Gilman. The paper relates that since depression went relatively undiagnosed during the time "The Yellow Wallpaper" was published, Gilman utilized symbolism as the only method to inform her readers that this disease was far more than "nervous agitation" and was in fact a very debilitating and life-altering condition.

From the Paper
"In 1886, Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860 to 1935) wrote in her autobiography, "In those days, a new disease had dawned on the medical horizon. It was called 'nervous prostration.' This disorder involved a growing melancholia and consists of every painful mental sensation, shame, fear, remorse. . . oppressive confusion. . . a steady brainache that fills the conscious mind with crowding images of distress" (Hunt, 184). Obviously, Gilman was referring to mental depression, a disease which currently affects millions of Americans by disrupting their personal and professional lives to the point of madness."

Tags:disease, condition, melancholia, mental

Abstract
Agitation against British colonial rule grew during the 1920s and 1930s. At independence in 1947 differences between Hindus and Muslims led to partition of British India into present-day India and Pakistan (from which Bangladesh broke away in 1971).

From the Paper
"Political History
Agitation against British colonial rule grew during the 1920s and 1930s. At independence in 1947 differences between Hindus and Muslims led to partition of British India into present-day India and Pakistan (from which Bangladesh broke away in 1971). India became a sovereign republic in 1950 under a constitution adopted in 1949. In addition to staggering problems of overpopulation, economic underdevelopment, and inadequate social services, India had to achieve the integration of the former princely state into the union and the creation of national unity from diverse cultural and linguistic groups (Basham, 1984).

India's major foreign problems have been a border dispute with China that first surfaced in 1957, and continual conflicts with Pakistan. In the ..."

Abstract
This paper examines the development of nationalism in modern China, from the Han response to the Qing government to anti-imperialist agitation and republicanism under the guidance of Sun Yatsen. It looks briefly at the New Culture Movement and the role of secret societies such as the Tongmeng hui.

From the paper:

"Nationalism has been a defining ideology in the creation of Modern China, promoted at first by a series of secret societies, and later by both the Guomingdang and the Chinese Communist Party to achieve different ends. It was central to the early student movements, and the May Fourth Movement, and nationalism was the first of Sun Yatsen's Three Principles of the People. In its early stages, Chinese nationalism was based on ethnic and racial identity, and centered on Han identity, however over time the significance of ethnic identity has decreased. Foreign influence in the conceptualization of Chinese nationalism has been problematic to developing a clear understanding of the movement; despite this, nationalism developed in a particularly Chinese manner."

Tags:anti, culture, han, imperialism, manchu, qing, secret, societies, sun, treaties, yatsen

Abstract
This paper focuses on the poem, "Christabel", by Henry Coleridge, and demonstrates how the Romantics, and especially Coleridge, believed that by presenting paradoxes in literature, the reader will be forced to think and inherently grow. The paper shows that the paradoxical nature of Coleridge's "Christabel" makes the reader reach what Coleridge calls "a reconciliation of opposites." The contradictions in the first part of the poem create a raw agitation and force the reader to increase his or her perceptions in order to search for a conclusion.

From the Paper
"However, Christabel's act of leaving the castle is suspicious because one cannot have impure thoughts while in a castle. Virginia Radley states: "What [Christabel] is doing in the forest had been explained, though why she felt it necessary to leave the castle to pray has not been" (68). Christabel's ties to her "knight" are as ambiguous as her reasons for interacting with the mystical "night;" has she naively left the castle so that she can be closer to nature and God while praying, or is Christabel hoping that her mind will drift into a sinful, imaginary sexual encounter? A conclusion cannot be made about Christabel's character without considering the obscurity of the passage."

Tags:romanticism, geraldine, Byron

Abstract
This paper explains that, since dementia is most commonly seen in the elderly, it is often erroneously considered to be part of the normal aging process; however, it is important to remember that dementia is a condition that is a result of a disease or trauma and does not occur in a healthy person simply because of old age. The author points out that the two most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease and multi infarct dementia; both types are irreversible and cannot be cured, although there progress can be slowed with proper treatment. The paper relates that people with multi infarct dementia can be helped by controlling their blood pressure, blood cholesterol and diabetes to prevent further strokes; by using medications for reducing agitation, anxiety, depression, or sleeping problems; by avoiding alcohol and smoking and by continuing physical and mental activities.

Table of Contents
Is Dementia an Inevitable Part of the Aging Process?
Differentiating Dementia and Normal Aging Process
Types of Dementia
Diagnosing Dementia and the Role of the Cognitive Psychologist in Diagnosis
Helping Patients to Cope with Dementia
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Dementia affects our memory, decision-making, judgment, spatial orientation, thinking, reasoning, and verbal communication. Its symptoms may include asking the same questions repeatedly; becoming lost in familiar places; being unable to follow directions; getting disoriented about time, people, and places; and neglecting personal safety, hygiene, and nutrition. Similar symptoms are sometimes displayed by older people due to emotional problems, which can be mistaken for dementia. These emotional problems may be triggered in the older people due to the trauma of major changes in their lives such as at the time of retirement or having to cope with the death of a spouse, relative, or friend. Such emotional upheavals leave an old person feeling sad, lonely, worried, or bored. Adapting to these life-changing events can confusion and forgetfulness in some people-the classic symptoms of dementia. Fortunately, emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family, or by treatment from professional doctors, psychologists or counselors and are not a permanent feature. Furthermore, certain physical conditions such as high fever, dehydration, vitamin deficiency and poor nutrition, bad reactions to medicines, problems with the thyroid gland, or a minor head injury may also result in dementia-like symptoms but the resulting condition is not dementia and needs to be treated differently."

Tags:memory, treatment, disease, multi-infarct, alzheimer's