Abstract This research study investigates gender differences in aggressivedriving. The paper begins by presenting a clear definition of the term aggressivedriving and by establishing the extent of the problem via various research results and hypotheses. The paper also considers the fact that aggressivedriving behavior is on the rise worldwide and then uses all of this information to investigate gender differences in cases of aggressivedriving.
From the Paper "A central thrust of this study will be based on patterns of behavior as they apply to gender differences. Fro example, the distinct difference between male and female drivers with regard to aggressive behavior while driving has been shown to be the case in the UK. This gender pattern has been measured in relation to various quantifiable variables. One of the most significant statistics is the accident rate as a direct result of aggressive driving behavior. "In all studies and analyses, without exception, men have been shown to have a higher rate of (car) crashes than women". (Sex differences in driving and insurance risk, 2004) Differences between male and female drivers in terms of crash rates are shown in a wide range of countries, including the United States, Europe, Asia and Africa. The figures consistently show that males are significantly more at risk than females. (ibid)"
Abstract This paper examines all aspects of aggressivedriving. The paper explains that aggressivedriving can be defined as driving that fails to consider the safety of others and that aggressive drivers know they may be driving in such a way that could endanger others. The paper then looks at the difference between road rage and aggressivedriving. The paper points out that studying the behaviors of aggressive drivers and knowing what to do when someone is drivingaggressively is vital in reducing the number of accidents caused by aggressive drivers. The paper then looks at why male drivers are more aggressive than females. The paper concludes with suggestions on how one can protect oneself from aggressive drivers.
Outline:
The Dangers of AggressiveDriving Understanding AggressiveDriving Behaviors
Male Drivers Are More Aggressive than Females
Protecting Oneself Against Aggressive Drivers
From the Paper "If a driver intentionally intends to harm another driver or another person, they can be stated to be aggressive drivers. Some people may not intend to be aggressive drivers, but they know they are taking risks that could endanger the lives of others which make them aggressive drivers. Some of the behaviors that aggressive drivers have are tailgating, failure to obey traffic signs, weaving in and out of traffic with no regard to safety, passing on the right, honking, yelling, and facial or hand gestures (Aggressive Driving). Most aggressive drivers have high levels of stress and may be angry at loved ones and/or angry at themselves. Often these drivers may have mental health problems. Three factors are in common and they are "lack of responsible driving behavior, reduced levels of traffic enforcement, and increased congestion and travel in our urban areas" (Aggressive Driving)."
An analysis of the incidence of aggressivedriving in the United States and the techniques that can be used to improve the level of hostility on the road.
Abstract This paper discusses the phenomenon of aggressivedriving in the United States. It discusses whether there is a profile of an aggressive driver, in terms of age, race, education, ethnicity, wealth status or religion. The paper then presents statistics of the number of incidents of aggressivedriving in the United States per year. The paper concludes by describing possible techniques that may reduce anger and aggression in drivers.
From the Paper "According to one estimate, there may be as many as 400 billion hostile exchanges between motorists in the United States each year, and because these incidents can result in serious injury or death, the phenomenon of road rage has been the subject of national attention (Sharkin 2004). While it appears that relatively few people actually seek counseling specifically for help with angry or aggressive driving, there may be many people who could benefit from some type of intervention to help them cope with driving anger and reduce the risk of being involved in a serious road rage incident (Sharkin 2004). In addition, aggressive drivers may find that relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and stretching when they are stuck in congested traffic, listening to soothing music or audio-books, and drinking herbal teas instead of caffeine beverages to be helpful (Sharkin 2004)."
Abstract In this paper the author looks at how aggressive behavior is developed and nurtured in society. The author examines cases where aggressive behavior has been enhanced due to weapons given to the subjects in the study. He then looks at cases of aggressive behavior where no weapons were physically given, only pictures of weapons were shown to the subjects. The author also points out the differences in aggressive behavior between men and women. The paper concludes with the statement that further research is needed to determine the exact roles that biology and environment play in evoking aggression, and how aggressive behavior can be controlled or eliminated effectively to the greater benefit of society.
From the Paper "Finding the underlying causes of aggressive behavior is important for our society. Given the high levels of violent acts committed, the determination of possible reasons for aggression is important to ameliorate aggressive instincts in individuals who experience them. Many aggressive/violent acts involve the use of a weapon. Consequently, the question of what causes aggression becomes key. Is aggression inherent to the individual, destined to be expressed regardless of the presence of weapons? "
Abstract The following paper briefly discusses a template for a psycho-educational assessment of aggressive behavior in school-age children. Specifically, the paper looks at best practices in the assessment of aggressive behavior in these young people as well as informal and formal approaches which might assist in the proper gauging of aggressive behavior in young people. Finally, the paper offers some recommendations "from the field" for the proper assessment of aggressive behavior. In the final analysis, the paper presents a norm-referenced instrument and a general methodology that should allow observers to define what aggressive behavior is and how it can be distinguished from "normal" childhood behavior.
This paper describes aggression replacement training which works to give adolescents positive alternatives to their aggression and antisocial behavior.
Abstract This paper presents a thorough explanation of aggression replacement training and the basic tenants of this form of therapy. The goal is to give adolescents alternatives to their aggression and antisocial behavior and teach them to recognize the precursors to their physically aggressive and threatening behavior. The author also cites the importance of adolescents considering the consequences of their actions and taking positive control of their situation. The paper further describes the three intervention techniques used that correspond with the three components of aggressive behavior.
From the Paper "A group format is generally used for this type of training, because the dynamics of the group can be used to help advance learning much more quickly. Some of the ways that learning is solidified are through role playing, homework assignments, and the repetition of important concepts (Glick, et al, 1986). There are both pre- and post-tests that are given to the adolescents in order to help determine whether the program was effective and how much skill development the participants have seen, and adults that have interaction with these adolescents outside of the group, such as probation officers, teachers, and parents, are given information that explains the techniques and terminology that are used in the program (Goldstein & Glick, 1994). "
Abstract This paper examines studies pertaining to violent video games as encouragers of aggressive behaviour. The paper explains that these studies take different approaches to the same mechanism that much previous research has asserted to exist between young people who play violent video games and observable aggression expressed in their thinking and self-expression or behaviour. The writer points out that one paper was found to be more thoughtful, varied, less reductive and more generative of new questions than the others towards reflection on what studies of this variety can produce in terms of useful or stimulating information. The writer then looks at how all three studies indicate the sway in psychology of what previous studies have found in numbers, in studies of varying quality or small differences seeming to be unanimous in correlating violent video games and user aggression. The writer concludes that many studies addressing violent video games in relation to aggression obviously point to an unspoken question as to why such aggression of sometimes very serious forms is demonstrated by many persons in North America - a society that has attained one of the highest standards of living, ever seen.
From the Paper "A comment is made on violent media as known to produce aggressive behaviour according to various studies of different kinds. The conclusion repeats the introduction's statement on violent video games perhaps inducing automatic aggressive associations of the self. However, the reader is never quite sure what aggressive associations of the self are. One presumes that a student of a certain age has enough insight to report that, yes, he or she is aware of feeling angry or 'wired up' after interacting with a violent video game, but this need mean very little. Perhaps a student having had a difficult morning or a delayed trip to school would report that he or she also felt aggressive, or a student having had to deal with an intense, unpleasant experience of another kind. Again, is aggression anger, or anger expressed outwardly, or annoyance?"
Abstract This essay is intended to persuade the reader not to use cell phones while driving. In this article the writer examines the dangers of cell phones. In particular, the writer concentrates on the use of the cell phones that apply while driving. The writer uses this paper to urge the reader not to use such cell phones while driving.
From the Paper "Curtis Sathre said it was like a bomb going off. His young son Michael, stood stunned, his ears ringing, hand gushing blood and body covered in black ash. In a split second, fragments from Michael's exploding cell phone had hit him between the eyes and lodged in the ceiling of the family's home. Michael is still alive. Imagine what would have happened if he had been driving. The purpose is to persuade ..."
Abstract This is a reflective essay on fear. The essay specifically talks about teenage driving. The teenager in the story dreamed about the car he wanted and what it would be like to drive the car. After getting the car and his/her drivers license he/she takes a friend home that lives in the country. Not knowing how to drive in the country leads to the event of fear. The paper discusses the feelings of the writer.
From the Paper "The Country Road: "14 percent of all deaths due to motor vehicle accidents are teen drivers" (Teens Driving Fatality Statistics, 2005). Most teenagers look forward to obtaining their drivers license and most teenagers are warned about the above statistic at least a dozen times or more. From the time I had turned fourteen I dreamed of owning my own car and driving my friends around town in a cool car with the radio blasting. It would be great! From dreams at night to day dreams at school I could see myself behind the wheel of my own car that was polished and shone with sun-rays. I was ready to turn sixteen and pass my drivers test so I could drive my dream automobile. My dream car was a white Plymouth Surefire. It was a small compact automobile."
Abstract This paper provides a generic overview and instructions on how to use a flash drive. The paper attempts to help communicate the usefulness of the flash drive as a tool and to introduce users unfamiliar with such devices to its properties and general use. The paper includes a guide for using a flash drive.
From the Paper "How to Save Information on a Disk or Flash Drive Introduction This paper provides a generic overview and instructions on how to use a flash drive. The intention of this paper is to help communicate the usefulness of the flash drive as a tool and to introduce users unfamiliar to such devices to its properties and general use. Summary of the Flash Drive Saving information to a drive is a critical and very necessary process of computer use. Drives can be internal or external, and the process differs slightly according to the types of drives used. Flash drives are accessible, portable drives that use a USB port and NAND flash memory technology. NAND technology is a form of information transmission that utilizes "not and" functions, meaning that the device determines the exclusionary properties of information and stores it accordingly on a peripheral device."
Abstract This paper discusses relational aggression in female adolescents. The paper explains that the topic is important in developmental psychology and explores how it has impacted the field of human development. The paper also studies new questions raised by recent research into relational aggression in girls.
From the Paper "The following presents a review of the current research regarding relational aggression in female adolescents. This presentation will also include a discussion of how this topic is important in developing..."
Abstract This paper discusses the role of accounting and auditing in an organization, including aggressive accounting techniques. The author describes bias auditing. The paper relates the problems at Enron with aggressive accounting.
From the Paper "Accounting is sometimes called the language of business. Accounting provides managers with the tools they need to plan effective and focus attention on deviations from that plan direct day-to-day operations and arrive at the best solution to the operating problems faced by the organization. However, as the language of business accounting is also used by those outside the organization to make decisions that directly affect the company. This research considers two areas that can affect the reliability of accounting data-aggressive accounting ..."
A discussion of the dangers of drunk driving and the lives it affects, including appeals of pathos (heart and values), ethos (character) and logos (facts & logic) to convey a powerful message to the reader.
Abstract A healthy balance between the different arguments of pathos, ethos and logos (emotion, value, character, and facts & logic) are found in this essay which which deals with the dangers of drunk driving. Included are interviews with those who have personally been affected by drunk driving, as well as personal anecdotes, and significant facts and statistics. All sections of the paper are strategically organized in order to better convey the message to the reader.
From the Paper "It was the first day of March. It was the type of day where the chill and dampness seemed to penetrate your soul. I silently watched as Jeremy's mother laid a blood red colored rose on the marble stone. Wiping a tear from the corner of her eye, she ran a hand across the letters of his name that adorn the cold gravestone. Jeremy Taylor (1982 ? 2000). She said a silent prayer and turned towards the car. She glanced back once more before walking away. Today Jeremy would"ve been eighteen. He would"ve been able to vote or play the lottery if he wanted to. In a couple months he would?ve graduated ? top ten in his class! He would"ve walked across the stage, gotten his diploma, and tossed his cap high into the air with all his friends. He would"ve made his plans to leave for college. He had already been accepted into an Ivy League school. How desperately he wanted to become a lawyer. His mom always said she could tell he would make a great lawyer by the way he argued with his sister?.But all that changed within a moment. His life was ended at the hands of a drunk driver as he made his way home from school one fateful February afternoon. No longer would they see his smiling face. No longer would they laugh at the childish burping contests he had, as boys do. No longer would they hear the crowd cheer his name as he scored the winning touchdown or the sound of his voice as he excitedly told of his plans to become the best lawyer they had ever seen. All of that was gone now, because someone chose to drink and drive. Watching my friend's burial was one of the most emotional experiences I can recall. I think of how scared he must have been in his final moments. I wonder what he was thinking as he lay there dying. It was an eerie feeling to know that the casket could not even be opened during the service because of how horrific were the injuries that he had sustained. Now whenever "Tears in Heaven" by Eric Clapton comes on the radio, I think of him. I will never get the chance to say goodbye or to tell him all the things I wanted him to know. I can only hope he knows how much he was loved and will be missed. Rest in peace my angel."
Abstract The paper investigates the Texas States implementation of a Graduated Drivers License Program (GDL) in response to the high rate of teens involved in fatal car accidents. The author of the paper discusses the many advantages to raising the driving age from 16 to 18, most of them in issues dealing with financial responsibility, long distance and night driving abilities, parent supervision and insurance rates.
From the Paper "With 18 as the driving age, schools and the state have an opportunity to offer or require additional driving instruction time to teens. Most teens have a very brief lesson time with a professional instructor. The professional is able to demonstrate proper driving technique. They are also able to correct teen drivers as they make mistakes and introduce them to new or difficult driving situations safely. There are many different driving situations that a teen may encounter but not know how to handle. For example, poor weather, road rage and children playing in the road are all new situations for a beginning driver. The wrong decision in these situations can become deadly for the driver, passengers, bystanders or other drivers."
Tags: Jon, Lindsay, Institute, for, Highway, Safety, drunk, Driving, schools, accident
Abstract This paper reviews the case of a 45 year old man named Hilary Nwayne, a taxi driver earning an estimated $7,500 per year. According to the paper, he existed in an impoverished lifestyle especially when it is considered that he supported a wife and children. Yet Nwayne worked diligently to earn every cent and carry his earnings home to his family. The paper goes on to explain that one day Nwayne was driving along a service road in Harris County, Texas. He was in his cab and seeking another fare for the day. He was not bothering anyone, he was following the rules of the road, and he was alone on the road, except for the presence of one other driver. That driver appeared, it seemed, out of nowhere. He was driving at over 100 miles per hour.
