Abstract This paper reveals that workplace aggression is one of the most significant psychological and physical dangers facing the modern workforce. The paper attempts to explain the nature of workplace aggression in order to propose suggestions for effective aggression management. The paper emphasizes that aggression will never fully be eliminated, but points out that its negative effects can be moderated and reduced.
From the Paper "All workplace aggression has psychological ramifications for the target of the aggression, not to mention productivity issues for the organization (Coombs). But what exactly constitutes workplace aggression? In "Sex Differences in Workplace Aggression," Angela Rutter and Donald Hine explain that workplace aggression is any behavior that is intended to harm a co-worker or else impair the functioning of the organization (Rutter and Hine 255). This definition is broad enough to incorporate a wide array of individual actions and activities from telling sexist jokes to stealing office supplies to murdering the boss. This definition of workplace aggression helps formulate a basic understanding of the nature of aggression and its manifestations in the workplace."
Abstract In this paper the author looks at how aggressive behavior is developed and nurtured in society. The author examines cases where aggressive behavior has been enhanced due to weapons given to the subjects in the study. He then looks at cases of aggressive behavior where no weapons were physically given, only pictures of weapons were shown to the subjects. The author also points out the differences in aggressive behavior between men and women. The paper concludes with the statement that further research is needed to determine the exact roles that biology and environment play in evoking aggression, and how aggressive behavior can be controlled or eliminated effectively to the greater benefit of society.
From the Paper "Finding the underlying causes of aggressive behavior is important for our society. Given the high levels of violent acts committed, the determination of possible reasons for aggression is important to ameliorate aggressive instincts in individuals who experience them. Many aggressive/violent acts involve the use of a weapon. Consequently, the question of what causes aggression becomes key. Is aggression inherent to the individual, destined to be expressed regardless of the presence of weapons? "
Abstract The following paper briefly discusses a template for a psycho-educational assessment of aggressive behavior in school-age children. Specifically, the paper looks at best practices in the assessment of aggressive behavior in these young people as well as informal and formal approaches which might assist in the proper gauging of aggressive behavior in young people. Finally, the paper offers some recommendations "from the field" for the proper assessment of aggressive behavior. In the final analysis, the paper presents a norm-referenced instrument and a general methodology that should allow observers to define what aggressive behavior is and how it can be distinguished from "normal" childhood behavior.
This paper describes aggression replacement training which works to give adolescents positive alternatives to their aggression and antisocial behavior.
Abstract This paper presents a thorough explanation of aggression replacement training and the basic tenants of this form of therapy. The goal is to give adolescents alternatives to their aggression and antisocial behavior and teach them to recognize the precursors to their physically aggressive and threatening behavior. The author also cites the importance of adolescents considering the consequences of their actions and taking positive control of their situation. The paper further describes the three intervention techniques used that correspond with the three components of aggressive behavior.
From the Paper "A group format is generally used for this type of training, because the dynamics of the group can be used to help advance learning much more quickly. Some of the ways that learning is solidified are through role playing, homework assignments, and the repetition of important concepts (Glick, et al, 1986). There are both pre- and post-tests that are given to the adolescents in order to help determine whether the program was effective and how much skill development the participants have seen, and adults that have interaction with these adolescents outside of the group, such as probation officers, teachers, and parents, are given information that explains the techniques and terminology that are used in the program (Goldstein & Glick, 1994). "
Abstract This paper examines studies pertaining to violent video games as encouragers of aggressive behaviour. The paper explains that these studies take different approaches to the same mechanism that much previous research has asserted to exist between young people who play violent video games and observable aggression expressed in their thinking and self-expression or behaviour. The writer points out that one paper was found to be more thoughtful, varied, less reductive and more generative of new questions than the others towards reflection on what studies of this variety can produce in terms of useful or stimulating information. The writer then looks at how all three studies indicate the sway in psychology of what previous studies have found in numbers, in studies of varying quality or small differences seeming to be unanimous in correlating violent video games and user aggression. The writer concludes that many studies addressing violent video games in relation to aggression obviously point to an unspoken question as to why such aggression of sometimes very serious forms is demonstrated by many persons in North America - a society that has attained one of the highest standards of living, ever seen.
From the Paper "A comment is made on violent media as known to produce aggressive behaviour according to various studies of different kinds. The conclusion repeats the introduction's statement on violent video games perhaps inducing automatic aggressive associations of the self. However, the reader is never quite sure what aggressive associations of the self are. One presumes that a student of a certain age has enough insight to report that, yes, he or she is aware of feeling angry or 'wired up' after interacting with a violent video game, but this need mean very little. Perhaps a student having had a difficult morning or a delayed trip to school would report that he or she also felt aggressive, or a student having had to deal with an intense, unpleasant experience of another kind. Again, is aggression anger, or anger expressed outwardly, or annoyance?"
Abstract This research study investigates gender differences in aggressive driving. The paper begins by presenting a clear definition of the term aggressive driving and by establishing the extent of the problem via various research results and hypotheses. The paper also considers the fact that aggressive driving behavior is on the rise worldwide and then uses all of this information to investigate gender differences in cases of aggressive driving.
From the Paper "A central thrust of this study will be based on patterns of behavior as they apply to gender differences. Fro example, the distinct difference between male and female drivers with regard to aggressive behavior while driving has been shown to be the case in the UK. This gender pattern has been measured in relation to various quantifiable variables. One of the most significant statistics is the accident rate as a direct result of aggressive driving behavior. "In all studies and analyses, without exception, men have been shown to have a higher rate of (car) crashes than women". (Sex differences in driving and insurance risk, 2004) Differences between male and female drivers in terms of crash rates are shown in a wide range of countries, including the United States, Europe, Asia and Africa. The figures consistently show that males are significantly more at risk than females. (ibid)"
Abstract This paper discusses relational aggression in female adolescents. The paper explains that the topic is important in developmental psychology and explores how it has impacted the field of human development. The paper also studies new questions raised by recent research into relational aggression in girls.
From the Paper "The following presents a review of the current research regarding relational aggression in female adolescents. This presentation will also include a discussion of how this topic is important in developing..."
Abstract This paper discusses the role of accounting and auditing in an organization, including aggressive accounting techniques. The author describes bias auditing. The paper relates the problems at Enron with aggressive accounting.
From the Paper "Accounting is sometimes called the language of business. Accounting provides managers with the tools they need to plan effective and focus attention on deviations from that plan direct day-to-day operations and arrive at the best solution to the operating problems faced by the organization. However, as the language of business accounting is also used by those outside the organization to make decisions that directly affect the company. This research considers two areas that can affect the reliability of accounting data-aggressive accounting ..."
Abstract This essay examines how victims' rights are viewed in the United States, compared with the rights of criminal defendants, and provides a discussion of the constitutional issues involved. A discussion of the incidence of victimization among young people and current trends is provided. An overview of victims' advocacy groups and an examination of what people can do when they become victims is also included. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. Also includes an appendix.
From the Paper "America has been characterized repeatedly as a land of laws. We cherish our Bill of Rights and the hard-earned liberties wrung from the tight grip of the state over the years. When an individual is accused of a crime in the United States, a vast bureaucracy of defense attorneys and court proceedings takes over which provides a wide range of benefits, services, privileges and rights for the accused. While universally characterized as underbudgeted and overburdened, the court system is still required to provide a certain level of legal defense for those defendants who cannot afford it. However, the victim of the crime (technically the proper term is "alleged victim" until the guilt of the defendant is established by a court of competent jurisdiction) is frequently overlooked while the bureaucratic gears grind out justice for the defendant. However, things are beginning to change and a national network of victim advocacy groups is taking shape. For example, in 1980, there were 27 victim compensation programs in the United States. By 1998, however, there were 50 state programs as well as ones in the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the various aspects and factors affecting media violence and examines evidence looking at whether there is a cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior.
Outline
Introduction
Perceived Media Violence and its Beginnings
Empirical Evidences
Brain Mapping and TV Violence
Effects of Third Variables
Recommendations
From the Paper "Television and media has remained a force to reckon with in terms of entertainment value, pervasiveness, and effectiveness in influencing personal perceptions and decisions. Television has, in more ways than one, helped build mega corporations through product advertisements, created bigger than life celebrities, and shaped standards of beauty, wealth, good and evil. There is a reason why mega corporations invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in television advertisements to promote their products: television makes money. However, recent studies have cited increasing violence in TV programming. In the flurry of things, amidst the flashy advertisements, crashing cars in adventure series, and dramatic violence on TV, one might ask: when does business entrepreneurship end, and where does social responsibility begin? For a country that prides itself for its independence and individuality, setting boundaries in many aspects of daily life is bound to be a tedious task."
Abstract This paper summarizes a 2000 article entitled "Evaluating theories of alcohol-related aggression using observations of young adults in bars." The paper addresses adolescent's relationship with alcohol and the drinking environment in general. The paper also details the methodology of the study and the results, and offers insights into the study's findings.
Abstract This paper addresses current trends in therapy for sex offenders that are based on developing empathy for the victim. This paper cites literature which shows overwhelmingly that therapists believe "victim empathy" if approached with a well-trained, informed and experienced professional, has more positive outcomes than other methods. The writer concludes that effective therapy involves some sort of meeting, under therapeutic circumstances, for the victim and the offender.
From the Paper "Meanwhile, Adams suggests that "victim empathy has long been considered an important dynamic variable in sex offender treatment," and as a result of this history of victim empathy being incorporated into therapy, "most treatment programs have modules designed to increase victim empathy." Adams goes on, however, to assert that "most" victim empathy treatment modules are "primarily cognitive" and as a result, the offender fine-tunes an "appropriate verbal response" but no real changes occur within the offender's emotional self. That doesn't mean, however, that there is no value in victim empathy, since some studies Adams is familiar with show "a relationship between a person's capacity to experience and express their own painful emotions and the capacity to respond sympathetically to the emotional pain of another.""
Abstract This paper discusses how every day many children across the world, but most notably, those in the Unites States, fall victim to sexual abuse. The paper reports that it is estimated that over 60 million people today are survivors of child sexual abuse. The paper further discusses the life-long impact the abuse has on the abused children.
Outline:
Abstract
Sexual Offenders and Sexual Abuse
Impact on the Victims Victim Characteristics
Sexual Offender Types and Terms
Warning Signs and Abuse Disclosure
Sex Offender Punishments
Conclusion
From the Paper "Over the course of our country's history, society has had to deal with many very important social issues (abortion, religion, equal rights, etc.). One topic, however, remains an extremely prominent problem. Sexual abuse in this country, and in many others, has become so recurrent that it has affected hundreds of thousands of people, most notably children. The effects of sexual abuse on the victims are, by and large, everlasting, and very troublesome. Sexual abuse is quite the 'forbidden' topic, as it makes everyone uncomfortable, but this is precisely why it needs to be addressed and dealt with. Abusers are most commonly punished with jail time and some are required to attend therapy sessions, but some are not. This method of punishment and rehabilitation, fearfully, is not quite as successful as everyone tends to believe it is. Many sex offenders become repeat offenders more often than people would like to realize. Due to the fact that child sexual abuse is such a serious issue, and many children are affected for the rest of their lives, there needs to be much more improvement in the area of preventing this from happening, as well as helping the victims and treating the offenders so that they do not continue to hurt others in this way. The major question that needs to be reflected upon is can these people be helped, and if so, what are the more successful ways of doing this? If not, how can we better prevent such occurrences from happening? First, it needs to be discussed what sexual abuse is."
Abstract This paper looks at this piece of literature and draws parallels to modern day examples of victims as well as heroes and those who are in the wrong.
From the Paper "Because of very recent events, victims and heroes seem to be presenting themselves in a much different light. The specific events of September 11, 2001 were a tragedy that brought both victims and heroes to the attention of the American public. In fact there seems to be three types of people who reveal themselves in situations like these. These three types, are the victim, the hero, and the wrong-doer. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's poem Faust displays these three clearly. The three types can be seen with Margaret as the victim, Faust as the villain and the hero who shows himself in the end."
Tags: 11th, faust, goethe, heroes, september, van, victims, villians
