Abstract
This paper explores the communist movement in America as portrayed in Ellen Schrecker's book "The Age of McCarthyism." This paper details the book's underlying thesis which is that although communism wasn't outlawed, the systematic attacks by local, state and the federal government to chip away at its membership with intent to destroy the movement seriously damaged the ideals set forth in the first amendment. This paper also contains detailed information and facts pertaining to the McCarthy era and the communist movement in America.

From the Paper
"The documentation is also quite thorough in the amount of information and the variety of personal and government sources. Schrecker makes it a point to grant both the Communists and mainstream America space in the documentation to show the personal sides of their struggles. This is a touch not often utilized in other traditional historical texts, which focus more on the official government documentation rather than the humanity, flawed or not, contained in personal essays or interviews."

Tags:book, review, communism, constitution, rights, america, mccarthy, era

Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes Ellen Schrecker's book, 'The Age of McCarthyism'. According to the paper, the book discusses how anticommunism moved "to the ideological center of American politics" and how America lost its own central convictions of the importance of freedom, democracy, and civil liberties.

From the Paper
"Anti-communism was not simply a product of mass, cultural hysteria. It also provided a practical foundation for many politicians' emerging careers. For example, as early as the smaller 'Red Scare' of 1919-20, J. Edgar Hoover made his name and solidified his institutional base within the Department of Justice by rounding up suspected foreign communists. Later, these ideologues and Hoover loyalists within the F.B.I would allow Hoover to conduct illegal wiretaps, and commit other civil liberties violations, with the power of the F.B.I. Richard Nixon first came to national prominence during the Alger Hiss trials. And McCarthy himself was a relatively obscure senator, until he began to wave his famous lists in the air. President Truman, despite the fact he held the highest office in the land, may have oversold the communist threat, to gain the necessary funds from the Republican-dominated congress for his postwar agenda and to prove himself worthy of the legacy of F.D.R."

Tags:Cold, War, domestic, liberal, reforms, Great, Depression, radicalism

Abstract
This paper explains that the era of McCarthyism, from the late 1940s to the late 1950s, was characterized by an anti-Communist fervor that was closely associated with investigations engineered by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The author points out that one of the primary claims of anti-Communists, such as Senator McCarthy, was that Communist agents had infiltrated many important American institutions in the service of the interests of the Soviet Union. The paper relates that, while historians dismiss McCarthy's allegations as wildly exaggerated and politically self-serving, it is generally acknowledged that Soviet espionage in the United States was a reality. The author underscores that it is clear that the majority of party members at the end of the 1930s were not interested in the destruction of the United States as a fifth column for foreign interests but instead were interested in furthering social justice in the United States.

Table of Contents:
The Need for Critical Analysis
The Threat of American Communist Espionage
The American Communist Party
The Question of Proportionality

From the Paper
"This is an important document as it reveals a broader understanding of the Communist Party than the McCarthyism hysteria would suggest. Far from being a threat to "American institutions and values" it would appear, from Howard Johnson's words, that the Communist Party seemed to represented the ideal of American values. Note, in particular, how Johnson addresses the issue of subversion. As students of history, we must recognize that many Communist Party members joined as it offered an organized means of challenging aspects of American society - such as racial segregation - that were both legal and supported by powerful political interests, but nonetheless immoral and inhumane."

Tags:disproportionate, archives, spies, hysteria, reality

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the era of "McCarthyism", focusing on the anti-Communist fervor that was closely associated with investigations engineered by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The paper further argues that while some American Communists did represent a threat to American institutions and values, the Communist Party of America never actually did.

From the Paper
"The era of "McCarthyism" can be said to have lasted from the late 1940's to the late 1950's, and was characterized by an anti-Communist fervour that was closely associated with investigations engineered by Senator Joseph McCarthy. From our vantage point in the early 21st century, with access to both unclassified American documents and Soviet archives from that period, we have a far more complete understanding of the period and the actual threat of Communism to the United States than anyone possessed at the..."

Tags:history, modern, american

Abstract
This paper explains that both Donald Spivey's "Schooling for a New Slavery: Black Industrial Education, 1868-1915" and Ellen Schrecker's "The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents"are cultural critiques of apparently benevolent ideologies that harmed rather than helped the Americans they were designed to protect. The author points out that these history texts use different presentational techniques possibly because McCarthyism was a top-down phenomenon while racism has been rife within American society since its inception. The paper relates that John Kenneth Galbraith's "The Great Crash of 1929" describes how rampant speculation in the stock market caused the destruction of the American economy and that Charles Fishman's "The Wal-Mart Effect". speculates that exploitation used as an economic tool by a single large company has caused cheaper goods but a less ethical society.

From the Paper
"After the end of slavery, Blacks were supposed to become free and equal citizens with Whites under the law. Instead, despite the previous centuries of oppression that were supposed to be undone by legal enfranchisement of Blacks, most Blacks were denied their rights of civic participation, and their education was limited to manual, rather than intellectual pursuits. This is why Spivey's book ultimately emerges as the more frightening of the two scenarios--while McCarthyism lasted for a relatively short period of time, the racism chronicled by Spivey and the attitudes that hampered Black progress still exist today."

Tags:patriotism, narrative, techniques, exploitation, speculation

Abstract
The paper relates that research into age related changes in sexual response address both physical changes and psychosocial changes in the population as it ages, showing how individuals may change both attitudes and behaviors as they grow older, though the degree of change varies greatly in the population and may be dependent on a wide variety of factors. The paper discusses how age itself is one of those factors, and as should be evident, people do not age in the same way or at the same rate. The paper points out that how their sexual response changes over time also is individual rather than tied to a specific age, though in considering the population as a whole, certain trends can be discerned, again based on factors that may affect one group and not another.

Tags:age, sexual, response

Abstract
This paper discusses the economic growth that occurred during the Stone Age and aligns with Marshall Sahlins' view that the Stone Age was a society of affluence, stipulating that an affluent society is one in which material desires are easily fulfilled, as long as the needs of the people are few. The author argues that the primary factor in economic growth of the Stone Age was the climatic change that followed the end of the Ice Age. These climate changes caused food shortages, which in turn necessitated the development of tools for hunting. Later, in areas where geographic conditions were ideal, agriculture developed, which in turn spurred greater economic growth.

From the Paper
"The Neolithic Age was preceded by the rise of agricultural activities in several Stone Age communities. In general, the Neolithic period is seen primarily as an economic phenomenon, and its essence is seen as consisting in the new phenomenon of agriculture (Thomas). Of course, this did vary from region to region. By 5000 BC, peasant communities existed in Palestine, Iraq and Iran, and soon thereafter they appeared in India, Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean (Hawkes and Woolley 8). On the other hand, in Europe hunting persisted for thousands of years, and change came much more slowly. Moreover, Thomas argues that the situation was quite different in southern Britain, and possibly also in other parts of Britain, and in Ireland. The point Thomas wishes to make is that 'the Neolithic in Britain was not characterized by a single economic system' (7)."

Tags:affluence, Ice Age, geographic location, food shortage, agriculture development

Abstract
This essay compares and contrasts two articles that deal with age as an area of social historical concern in terms of their overall contribution to the this topic. The articles to be analyzed are "Cartoons and Commissions: Advice to Junior Farmers in Post war Ontario", by Linda Ambrose and "Renovating the Canadian Old Age Home: The Evolution of Residential Care Facilities in BC 1930-1960", by Megan J. Davies. The essay briefly outlines the content of the two papers and attempts to answer the following questions: What are the major focuses of the authors in respect to the subject of age? Have these focuses changed over time? Which author makes a more substantial contribution to the question of age in social history and why?

Tags:age, youth, seniorcitizens

Abstract
This in-depth paper details the Russian immigration to the U.S. which began in 1720 with Vitus Bering. This paper describes the mitigating factors that pushed many Russians over the years to leave their homeland in pursuit of a better life, including religious persecution and communism. The writer of this paper describes the various religions and ethnicities within Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. This paper chronicles the rich cultural heritage the immigrants brought with them to the U.S. particularly in theater, ballet, dance and music. Also discussed in this paper is the extreme prejudice subjected on immigrants during the 1950s, the age of McCarthyism. This paper contains facts and information pertaining to the various waves of immigration from the late 1880s to the early 1920s. This paper also details how well the Russian community at present has adapted to life in the U.S. in regards to employment, education, language and political beliefs.

From the Paper
"The linguistic transition is more difficult for older immigrants, especially those who remain in enclaves where there is a significant population of others who speak the same language. Younger immigrants are more adept at learning a new language since their natural ability to assimilate a new language is higher at their age. In addition, the cultural influences that surround them and peer pressure act as a powerful impetus to learn English. The globalization of the economy presents a greater opportunity for those who are bilingual, creating jobs that they are uniquely qualified for."

Tags:vitus, bering, russia, community, religion, political, culture, communism, society, ethnic, language

Abstract
This paper analyzes Stanley Kubrick's film "Dr. Strangelove: Or How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love the Bomb." The paper sets up the historical background of the period the movie is based upon and then goes on to analyze the movie through this historical lens. The paper describes Kubrick's film as not only resonating with comedic value, but also with a sardonic and terrifying view which examines the political and ethical debates of the atomic age.

From the Paper
"The Cold War developed after the end of World War II and represents one of the more tense times in American history. This time period ranging technically from 1946 to 1991 was marked by suspicion, distrust, paranoia, and most importantly misunderstanding between the two major superpowers, the US and the USSR. In Stanley Kubrick's film, "Dr. Strangelove: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb," shots are taken at point blank range against these attitudes toward the evil communist Russkies. Kubrick's view of this period in American history is portrayed through his film as one of cartoon-like political leaders acting out testosterone induced paranoid madness thereby ending the world via nuclear holocaust. Kubrick's film not only resonates with comedic value but also with a sardonic and terrifying view which examines the political and ethical debates of the atomic age along with the fears that allowed the continuation of the Cold War in a time where MAD (mutually assured destruction) was still on the policy books of both superpowers."

Tags:McCarthyism, atomic, nuclear, arms