Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a study to explore which system offers the greatest benefits to increasing physical activity in students; an incorporated sport and education system (as in the United States) or a segregated system (as in the United Kingdom). To examine this area of limited research, this study proposes to assess the effectiveness of the after-school sports programs in the United Kingdom compared to the system employed in the United States. The writer explains that the term "separated system" describes the after-school sports programs that are operated on a voluntary basis without funding from the school. The term "incorporated system" describes the after-school sports program that are operated and funded by the school.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review

From the Paper
"Physical inactivity levels of children have inevitably led to the increase in obesity which is a problem of epidemic proportion with no definitive solution. Obesity is commonly described as a complex issue with many variables, such as lifestyle, diet, physical activity, physical inactivity, social-economic status, etc... Statistics from the United States shed light on how substantial the problem is by stating that one third of children and teens are overweight or obese. Levels in the United Kingdom are of a similar range with 31% of boys and 29% of girls being overweight or obese (National Health Service 2010). Obese children, who are not physically active, are at increased risk of significant short-term health problems such as hypertension, insulin resistance, respiratory problems, orthopaedic complications and are at risk of the possibility of developing adulthood obesity. Research has shown that the health risks of obesity are overwhelming but, most importantly, they are preventable with physical activity."

Tags:after-school, program, sports, extra, curricular, students, physical, activity

Abstract
This paper examines some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with giving birth vaginally after having previously delivered by a Cesarean (VBAC). The paper looks at why doctors try to avoid them, but also gives support from the literature for their safety and success. The paper further discusses contraindications and the major problem which is uterine rupture following prior C-section. It points out that uterine rupture is usually due to Pitocin use, and that VBACs have a 98 percent success rate.

From the Paper
"Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) is becoming increasingly popular and the medical profession has tried somewhat to discourage it because of the risk of uterine rupture. While postpartum fever seemed to correlate with uterine rupture at VBAC in a recent study there was no relationship between single or double..."

Tags:Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC), VBA2C, VBA2+C, VBA3+C

Abstract
This paper examines the book "One Minute After You Die" in which Erwin W. Lutzer, a pastor and author, examines the questions of what happens to the soul at death and uses evidence gathered from near-death experiences and a reading of scripture to suggest what happens after death. It looks at how Lutzer assumes that there is a human soul and that it continues its existence in the afterlife and how everyone who dies will experience one of two realities. One minute after death, you will either be enjoying a personal welcome from Christ or catching your first glimpse of gloom. It discusses how Lutzer extends this to the people left behind because he says that the mourners at the funeral of a good Christian have comfort in knowing that their loved one is with Christ while those at the funeral of an unbeliever have no such hope for his or her fate. It looks at how Lutzer concludes on the effect of certain types of death, such as suicide and on speculation about what God requires of us in terms of living our life and accepting certain beliefs as part of our personal makeup.

From the Paper
"Everyone will one day face death. Human beings have long tried to see behind the curtain of death to gain insight into what is in store for them, and Lutzer discusses several of the means by which this has been attempted, such as channeling, reincarnation, and near-death experiences. Researchers have gathered information from these and other activities to try to explain what happens to the soul at death. Lutzer does not believe in the information gathered in this fashion and refers to the "religion of the resuscitated" (27) as something that does great damage as those who believe they have almost died report on a utopian ideal as what they have seen. Lutzer disputes that these people were actually dead and so that they have encountered the true afterlife. Instead, he says we should rely on someone who has been actually dead, and the only person in history who has died and returned is Christ."

Tags:god, suicide, unbeliever, christianity, reincarnation

Abstract
The paper explores how the slave trade was practiced in Europe and Africa before 1550, in comparison to the slave trade in and between the two regions after 1550, and also examines the main differences between the two periods in terms of their origins, motivations and effects on African society. The paper finds that prior to 1550, slaves were sold to the 'Old World' of Europe however, following approximately 1550, the slave trade business concentrated on selling slaves to the 'New World' or that of the American continent. The paper discusses how after 1550, when the demand for slaves began on the American continent, the slave trade business exploded and many of the slaves who were shipped across the Atlantic died from diseases or simply from the journey itself. The paper also notes the forts and castles that were used to house those captured to be sold into slavery that demonstrate how the involvement of Africans in the slave trade business was great indeed.

Outline:
Introduction
ISlave Trade Prior to 1550
Slave Trade After 1550
Commercial Motives of Europeans
Who 'Really' Controlled the Slave Trade
How Patterns of Trade Were Set
Discussion
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Economic relations existed between Europe and Africa from the time of the landing of the Portuguese and in 1441 it is reported that ten Africans were kidnapped from the cost of Guinea and take to Prince Henry the Navigator as gifts. Expeditions following this one to the West African coast resulted in individuals being taken and sold as slaves. The Portuguese were the first European nation to make contact of a sustained nature with sub-Saharan Africa. Slaves taken from Africa in the beginning were taken to Europe and sold for use as domestic slaves however, during this period the demand for slaves was limited and was only a portion of the trade involving many other commodities. The indigenous population of Africa was initially used by the Spanish and Portuguese for purposes of manual labor. From the beginning of their relations those existing between Europe and African were economic in nature.
"The early plans of Prince Henry for Africans was to provide them with education and to civilize them however, when Henry died in 1460, more than "eight hundred Africans were exported to Portugal annually and sold on arrival at the Lisbon dock as slaves." (Sesay, 1986) Prince Henry did not support such actions however successive kings and princes did support this practice."

Tags:Europe, Americas, forts, castles

Abstract
This undergraduate level paper discusses the issue of whether or not it is possible to be a Judeo - Christian dialogue given the events that took place during the holocaust. Using selections from "After Auschwitz" by Richard Rubinstein, and "Night" by Elie Wiesel, the paper determines that though Christian complicity did not help the Jewish cause during the Nazi era, the events of the past cannot necessarily dictate the dialogues of the future.

Abstract
This paper compares two articles, both indicating problems after discharge to the home from the ICU, with each other and with an additional review of the literature, "Problems Following Discharge after Intensive Care," written by Daffurn et al (1994) and "Intensive and Critical Nursing Care," written by Scraggs et al (2001). The author points out that the condition, disease, illness, or injury of the patient is most likely one of the two most predominant factors in the experience of the recovering patient upon discharge home from the ICU. The paper stresses the importance of the proper provision of both verbal and written instructions to the patient and the patient's caregiver, since this greatly impacts the patient in terms of well-being, as well as the overall experience of discharge to home from ICU, thus reducing the need for returning to the hospital.

Table of Contents
Objectives
Review of Articles for Comparative Critical Review
Article One
Article Two
Review of Available Literature
Review Comparison and Contrast of Findings
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Results of the study found that of the 54 patients 34 of the patients experienced normal sleep patterns after discharge while 15 reported that they were unable to remain asleep due to disturbances and 5 patients were unable to fall asleep. 41 patients reported a normal appetite while 11 reported that their appetite was reduced and 2 patients reported a controlled appetite. Of the 54 patients 17 were not on medications at al while 14 of the patients were n Cardiac medications, 9 patients were taking multiple meds and four patients were taking analgesic medications. In relation to the memory of the patient in relation to the ICU stay 16 of the 54 patients had no memory of the stay whatsoever while 7 had a pleasant recall of the ICU stay and 9 patients claimed an unpleasant recall of their stay in the ICU. Reporting nightmares during the ICU stay were 7 patients while 15 of the patients had complaints of a minor nature. Home support was reported to be "none" by 4 of the 54 patients, while 40 of the patients reported "good" home support and 10 patients reported inability to sleep due to interruptions from home help support."

Tags:instructions, condition, return, discharge, caregiver

Abstract
The paper looks at the way the different religions view life after death. The paper discusses the Jewish view of the World To Come, in the Garden of Eden and it follows the four paths humans must follow after death in Hinduism in order to achieve reincarnation. The paper also examines the Buddhist position which falls between reincarnation and absolute annihilation, the Christian concepts of resurrection and hell and Islamic afterlife. It also looks at the common threads among the different religions' views.

From the Paper
"Human belief in an afterlife, life after death, is found in belief systems from ancient tribal people to the UFO cult groups of today. Some fear the after-life, while others look forward to it. There are as many visions of the afterlife as there are belief systems. Some believe that when one dies, he will be met by a hoard of virgins, others believe pearly gates and streets of gold await. Humans are obsessed with theories of what exist on the other side of death, if anything at all. However, the belief in the spirit, the soul, the spiritual thread connected to God, keeps humans convinced that life continues after bodily death. Many seek proof through mystics, by trying to send and receive messages from a departed loved one. There are television programs, seminars, and volumes of books devoted to the notion that the dead can communicate to the living. Moreover, many feel and see the presence of the dead in their homes, thus, enlisting the aid of a psychic or priest to cleanse or exorcise the premises, to send the departed restless souls to God. Humans' belief in the afterlife is the basic foundation for religions and spiritual belief systems."

Tags:reward, punishment, soul, spirituality, nirvana

Abstract
In this paper the writer discusses the importance and the widely accepted growth of breast augmentation after a women is diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoes a mastectomy. It expresses the importance for a woman to feel good about herself and to be able to look back at her natural state after such a horrible incident.

From the Paper
"Today, Americans are becoming more demanding and less satisfied with their natural bodies. Plastic surgery is on the rise and has become more widely accepted and expected among younger and younger generations. Hayt quotes Hildalgo, her own plastic surgeon, who says, "The standards of what a person should look like today are different from what they were five years ago . . .there is an intolerance of imperfection" (200). Unfortunately, some women do not have the choice to improve their body image. These women just want to restore what they have lost to the disfiguring effects of breast cancer. This disease is the most frequent form of cancer among women. Today as more and more women are being diagnosed with breast cancer, breast reconstruction has become a necessary procedure."

Tags:augmentation, breast, cancer, mastectomy, nipple, plastic, reconstructive, restoration, surgery

Abstract
This paper examines the novel "Going After Cacciato" by Tim O'Brien about a private named Cacciato in the American army who deserts his post in Vietnam, lays down his rifle and attempts to walk eight thousand miles from the jungles of Indochina to Paris so he can be there for the peace talks and how his fellow soldiers must come after him. It discusses if this act of desertion constitutes villainy in the context of war or if the true villain of the story is the narrator himself since a willingness to follow orders against his good conscience is really a more heinous form of villainy than the action of the title character. It concludes by showing how even good men become villains in such an environment as a bad war, as Vietnam, in violation of all principles of justice.

From the Paper
"O'Brien suggests that Cacciato's moral nature is like the Vietnam War itself. Like the narrative structure of Going After Cacciato, it is impossible to define and to clarify the moral nature of the central character. Everything about the novel circular, much like Berlin's own stated view that his mission is simply part of "a war like any war. No new messages. Stories that began and ended without transition. No developing drama or tension or direction. No order." (O'Brien, Chapter 42) During American's struggle in Vietnam, there were no villains, no black versus white, simply mutual errors of perception. In such an environment, there can be no villains and no heroes, and no winners or losers."

Tags:vietnam, war, indochina, soldiers, desertion, peace, talks

Abstract
This paper analyzes the Robert Frost poem "After Apple-Picking," which describes the sleep and dream after a day of apple picking. It investigates Frost's uses of tone and symbolism to emphasize the correlation between sleep and death. The paper also notes the author's use of the apple for its biblical symbol of the fall of man.

From the Paper
""After Apple- Picking" by Robert Frost is a poem that tells and illustrates the sleep and dream that the narrator had dreamed in the poem after he completed his activity for the day, which is apple-picking. The poem, aside from the narrative of the voice of the story, illustrates effectively the difference between sleep as a physical activity of human beings, that is, sleep is discussed here literally, but sleep here is also a figurative element of the story. Looking more closely, sleep, for the narrator, is synonymous with impending death, and this is exactly what the narrator felt and dreamed about in the poem. "After Apple- Picking" has a theme, primary plot, and use of tone and symbolism to emphasize the point that Frost illustrates in the poem, which is to give us, the readers, an idea of how sleep is identified with death, and how life becomes precious to the narrator as he experienced his dream, and felt his impending death."

Tags:death, life, apple, picking, sleep, dream, symbolism, tone