Abstract
This research proposal examines the problem of the declining numbers of Black students graduating from colleges, graduate and professional schools in the United States. The proposal specifically investigates the effects of this poor retention rate upon social issues such as economy, employment, family lives and crime statistics. It also aims to increase awareness of retention issues that affect African-American males.

Table of Contents:
Problem Statement
Rationale
Significance of Study
Purpose of Study

From the Paper
"The sample will include African American men who hold a 2.5 gpa, age group 18-25 member of Kappa Alpha Psi, at regional PWI liberal arts institutions. As this study seeks to examine the whole of the African American male experience in university, the control group must consist of other racial groups: Native Americans, who have the greater percentage of college leavers (and whose students mostly come from poor backgrounds, according to the US Department of Education, 2000), will necessarily be excluded, as they do not have representatives at every income level, and also many social issues which contribute to their problems. Asian American students may also be excluded, as they represent the greatest percentage of students, but this may be due to cultural expectations, rather than the student's own motivations."

Tags:university, poverty, crime, college, graduate

Abstract
This paper examines the "Uhuru Africa" album by Randy Weston. Inspired by jazz legend Duke Ellington, Weston spent most of his career combining the rich music of the African continent with the African-American tradition of jazz. The author dissects Weston's "Africa" album -- which he calls a tribute to Ellington -- from its thematic and metaphoric perspectives, such as nature, animals, liberation, the past and the future. The author concludes by praising "Uhuru Africa" as Weston's jazz paean to Afro-American heritage and to Africa.

From the Paper
"This style inspired Randy Weston, whose use of both hands separately on the keyboard parallels a drummer's control of separate rhythms with each hand. Randy Weston spent most of his career combining the rich music of the African continent with the African American tradition of jazz, mixing the rhythms and melodies of both continents. Uhuru Africa is a tribute to Ellington, most particularly in the second movement, African Lady, a metaphor for Africa and the drum, which Ellington identified with a woman."

Tags:Duke, Ellington, Africa, jazz, music

Abstract
The paper discusses how while Africa is clearly in a postcolonial phase, many critics contend that there remains a significant legacy of colonialism in Africa today. This paper examines this question with particular reference to two African countries: Algeria and Somalia. The thesis is argued that to understand the enduring legacy of colonialism we must recognize the close integration of racism and exploitative capitalism in the history of colonialism. The paper shows in this analysis, how while the direct political rule from Europe that was the most superficial characteristic of colonialism has ceased, the continuing power of Euro-American capitalism in Africa - together with the power of racist colonialist attitudes towards Africans - is testimony to the enduring legacy of colonialism.

From the Paper
"Today, in the early 21st century, we are removed by decades from the wave of independence movements that led to the collapse of the European colonial empires in Africa in the mid to late 20th century. However, while Africa is clearly in a postcolonial phase, many critics contend that there remains a significant legacy of colonialism in Africa today. This essay will examine this question with particular reference to two African countries: Algeria and Somalia. The thesis will be argued that to..."

Tags:colony, africa, legacy

Abstract
This paper looks at how Africa was Europeanized by the British Empire - and at how a complementary process took place featuring Africans re-shaping both Great Britain and the British Colonies in America via forced and unforced immigration and via unpaid toil. The paper discusses how while the British role in producing modern Africa - with its strengths and its weaknesses - was invaluable, the African-American and African-Briton role in turning these nations into greater powers, and the British Empire into the wealthiest empire in human history up to that time, may ultimately prove the more enduring contribution. The paper notes that given demographic trends, the Africanization of the United Kingdom by those arriving at its shores seeking a new life is unlikely to halt any time soon.

From the Paper
"As time permits, the following paper will look at how Africa was Europeanized by the British Empire - and at how a complementary process took place featuring Africans re-shaping both Great Britain and the British Colonies in America via forced and unforced immigration and via unpaid toil. While the British role in producing modern Africa - with its strengths and its weaknesses - was invaluable, the African-American and African-Briton role in turning these nations into greater powers, and the British Empire into the wealthiest empire in human history up to that..."

Tags:africa, british, empire

Abstract
This paper considers whether a group arranging safaris and combining them with plastic surgery in South Africa for European and American tourists would be better charging a higher price for the surgery and eliminating the safari.

From the Paper
"Surgeon and Safari arranges vacations to South Africa for Europeans and Americans who want to enjoy a safari while having plastic surgery. The surgery is performed at state-of-the-art facilities while the safaris take place at one of the game reserves in the country. The combination has been an attractive draw for those clients who want to have the surgery but who also want to have privacy and who may want to combine the surgery with a trip to Africa..."

Tags:4Ps, pricing, south africa, safaris, plastic surgery, tourists

Abstract
A comparison of the tax systems of four different countries to the American tax system - South Africa, Mexico, Hong Kong, and New Zealand. The paper explains the American tax system and then analyzes the systems of these other four countries. It concludes with an overview of the country which is seems to the fairest to both individuals and corporations.

From the Paper
"Hong Kong has a Schedular system of taxation. 0;The tax burden is light and the system is simple; (Taxation in Hong Kong) In this system the only types of income that are taxable are: salaries, profits, and property tax. This system of taxation differs from that of the United States in that 1. The system is simple and easy to understand. 2.Personal income tax rates are among the lowest in the world with a cap of 15%. 3. Corporations are only taxed at a flat rate of 16.5% and capitals gains and dividends received by another Hong Kong corporation are not taxed. 4. It does not have a worldwide tax on income."

Tags:Individual Income Tax Corporate Income Personal Tax GST taxes south africa, mexico hong kong new zealand

Abstract
The paper suggests private sector trade and investment in Africa by the United States as a solution to economic problems in Africa. The paper discusses the obstacles to the support of trade in place of the aid policy.

From the Paper
"The policy recommended with respect to the United States and various nation-states within Africa is to follow the lead of the private sector in terms of facilitating trade and investment. As noted by Salih Booker, President Bill Clinton set out some time ago to create a viable framework in which American private sector companies could embark upon enhanced trade relationships with individual African states and domestic African businesses and industries. The Clinton policy, so to speak, focused not upon direct military..."

Tags:Africa, United States, investment, economics, trade

Abstract
This paper studies contemporary African-American music, calling it an amalgam of several music styles of our time. The author explains that with its roots in jazz, African-American music today is taking elements from all over the world to create a tapestry of styles united by one ineffable ingredient: rhythm. That rhythm is being immeasurably influenced by technology -- namely electronic music. However, the author is careful to point out that electronics do not preclude the use of traditional African instruments, but rather enhance their sound.

From the Paper
"Electronic Music is how electronic musical instruments can be used to produce music. The types of instruments this refers to include electronic keyboards, synthesizers, samplers and any other musical instrument, which is largely electric or electronic in nature. This is not however a complete list of the equipment which is used in electronic music as the complete process of generating music electronically also includes the process of recording the music and the processing of sounds using signal processors (effects processors) to produce the required effect."

Tags:jazz, blues, Africa, traditional, instruments, synthesizer, electronic, sound, rhythm

Abstract
This paper claims that the study of the historical evolution of states such as Ghana, Mali and Songhai is essential for understanding the differences in the cultural and social approaches. It explains that the African-American culture and the identity and sense of belonging of a shared system of values has been the result and the reaction to the violent contact the Africans were forced to have with their western oppressors.

From the Paper
"Despite this however, inside the territory that is nowadays defined by the African borders, different and distinct civilizations were emerging, each with it specificities, but at the same time they were manifesting themselves inside similar general guidelines. This is why, it can be said that the African culture was in fact one which developed in a rather secluded atmosphere, without the pressure or influences of other cultures. This can be explained by the fact that the European notion of geography in particular revolved around certain concepts such as terra nullius which reduced all non western world to the Christian project "which perceived itself in both its textuality and significance as the most perfect expression of human culture" (Middleton,1997, p. 18)"

Tags:slavery, identity, West, Africa

Abstract
The paper introduces Maya Angelou - one of the most prolific black American writers recognized in the world of contemporary American literature. The paper shows that of the numerous poems she has composed, the poem "Africa" is a soulful reflection of herself, and the poem is an analogy of her life with that of the African continent. This paper provides a critical analysis of the poem "Africa" and how it relates within the context of her life and experiences as a woman and black American in the white American society.

From the Paper
"The last stanza talks about the positive development of Africa in the poem. Again, we are reminded of Angelou here, who managed to be successful despite the sufferings she had gone through her life. Positive outlook in life ("Now she is rising") is apparent in the last stanza, but Angelou also tells us never to forget one's suffering ("remember her pain/remember the losses/her screams loud and vain") (lines 2-4, III), for these sufferings are the primary "driving force" that helps an individual be on his/her feet again after a downfall. Again, Angelou speaks for herself and Africa here, especially in the last four lines of the last stanza."

Tags:Malcolm, X, Martin, Luther, King, Jr, activist, colonization