Abstract
This paper discusses how AIDS is the most virulent disease even known to affect humanity, and Africa has been particularly hard hit. This paper examines this pandemic in terms of its incidence and its epidemiological profile. The paper focuses on Africa and more specifically on sub-Saharan Africa. In addition this paper pays special attention to the interesting case of South Africa and the crucial subject of mother to child transmission.

Tags:aids, africa, mtct

Abstract
The following paper will look at the growing list of endangered languages within Africa and what this means for the continent and for linguistic diversity the world over. Specifically, the paper will provide a brief summary of nearly extinct languages as they exist within the continent and acknowledge that there seems to be some general confusion over whether or not calling a language "endangered" is really the same thing as calling it "nearly extinct". In any event, this section of the paper will certainly underscore that dozens of African languages - at least 46, as a matter of fact - are in imminent peril and possibly at least as many more are headed in that direction. Having briefly defined what it is that makes a language "endangered" and how things appear to stand in Africa, the paper will then turn to look at what languages have been on the endangered list at one time or another and have not survived; time will also be devoted to looking at what the impact of language endangerment (and extinction) is for Africa (and for all geographic regions of the world faced with this problem) and what can be done to stem the tide. In the final analysis, more effort needs to be undertaken to teach young people about their cosmopolitan linguistic heritage in the classrooms of Africa and affirmative action programs that will prop up the most vulnerable of these languages in African communities should be explored - though it is doubtful that some of them (maybe even many of them) can now be saved. Still, that is no excuse for not trying to salvage what can be salvaged.

From the Paper
The Endangered Languages of Africa The following paper will look at the growing list of endangered languages within Africa and what this means for the continent and for linguistic diversity the world over. Specifically, the paper will provide a brief summary of nearly extinct languages as they exist within the continent and acknowledge that there seems to be some general confusion over whether or not calling a language "endangered" is really the same thing as calling it "nearly extinct". In any event, this section of the paper will certainly underscore that dozens of African languages - at least 46, as a matter of fact - are in imminent peril and possibly at least as many more are headed

Tags:endangered, languages, africa

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at Christianity in Africa. This exploration of Christianity in Africa started soon after the death of Christ to the end of the 1800's. The writer discusses visits of the Apostles and conversions. The writer also examines the arrival of missionaries in the early 19th Century.

From the Paper
"According to Pat Morrison writing for National Catholic Reporter, many Christians think that Christianity arrived on the African continent as the result of European-based missionary efforts. But a closer look at church history reveals a much different picture. Christianity spread to Africa soon after the death of Christ. The Acts of the Apostles chronicle visits by one or more of the Apostles to various fledgling Christian communities in North Africa. Morrison writes that historical records witness to ... "

Tags:Christianity, Africa, South Africa, Sub Saharan Africa, Missionaries, Portuguese, evangelical, monastics

Abstract
This paper explores South Africa's experience as a divided nation and its process of recovery in the past two decades. First, the paper considers the issue of affirmative action in South Africa. The author then acknowledges that elements of apartheid still exist. In order to overcome this divisiveness, the author examines the experiences of other divided nations, such as Germany and Korea. The author concludes that apartheid in South Africa has not ended, but has merely gone 'underground' so that it can still be active but not in the overt sense that it used to be.

From the Paper
"The promotion of a collective or a group identity, therefore, necessarily involves subordinating the individuality that is seen within the group. Furthermore, being able to strengthen one's identity based on race, religion, language, or caste is also considered divisive and threatening to the equality and the freedom of the country (Gramby-Sobukwe, 2002). Quotas are then viewed as being a means to help achieve an equality of outcome by working to deny an equality of opportunity or a fundamental right of various individuals (Gramby-Sobukwe, 2002)."

Tags:South, Africa, apartheid, Africa, developing, nations, racism, affirmative, action, German, Korea

Abstract
This paper looks at rural-urban migration patterns in Africa. It examines patterns in South Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Zambia and Ghana. The paper looks at the reasons for the migration and its effect on the rural areas and on the cities.

Tags:rural-urban migration, urbanization, Africa

Abstract
This paper examines the "Uhuru Africa" album by Randy Weston. Inspired by jazz legend Duke Ellington, Weston spent most of his career combining the rich music of the African continent with the African-American tradition of jazz. The author dissects Weston's "Africa" album -- which he calls a tribute to Ellington -- from its thematic and metaphoric perspectives, such as nature, animals, liberation, the past and the future. The author concludes by praising "Uhuru Africa" as Weston's jazz paean to Afro-American heritage and to Africa.

From the Paper
"This style inspired Randy Weston, whose use of both hands separately on the keyboard parallels a drummer's control of separate rhythms with each hand. Randy Weston spent most of his career combining the rich music of the African continent with the African American tradition of jazz, mixing the rhythms and melodies of both continents. Uhuru Africa is a tribute to Ellington, most particularly in the second movement, African Lady, a metaphor for Africa and the drum, which Ellington identified with a woman."

Tags:Duke, Ellington, Africa, jazz, music

Abstract
This paper considers a plan by General Motors as to whether or not to build a plant in South Africa in the 1970s to take advantage of the access to cheap labor. F\The paper discusses how from a social point of view though there are good reasons why GM might not want to take this action. For one thing blacks are paid far less than whites in South Africa for doing the same job and whites in South Africa are paid far less than a laborer in the United States.

From the Paper
"African history after the arrival of Europeans was a history of racial attitudes continuing after the end of the colonial era. In the modern era, apartheid was the major social structure affecting every aspect of South African society and South African relations with other parts of the world. Historians do not agree on the reason for the development of apartheid. What is clear is that more and more laws were passed to enforce a division of the races. Blacks were subject to searches, needed passes, were restricted in where they could live and work, and were generally treated differently than whites. Both races, however, were prevented from mixing. General Motors must decide whether or not to build a manufacturing facility in apartheid South Africa. From a business point of view, this could be justified on the basis of access to cheap labor."

Tags:apartheid, africa, business

Abstract
The paper first illustrates the differences in the way Africa is depicted by the two authors, Conrad and Achebe. Particularly, it compares the depiction of the African landscape, the native peoples, and the culture of Africa in the two texts. Additionally, the paper discusses the contextual frameworks of the novels for a better understanding of why such contrasting images of Africa exist among them.

From the Paper
"Chinua Achebe, in "Things Fall Apart", and Joseph Conrad, in "Heart of Darkness", present sharply contrasting images of Africa. This is most evident in comparing their depiction of the African landscape, the native people, and the African culture. However, any comparative analysis of the two works should be approached bearing in mind differences in their contextual frameworks. Viewed from such a perspective, it can be argued that the differences in the portrayal of Africa merely represent the reality of the two novels written with different purposes, from different cultural viewpoints and at varying points of human development."

Tags:achebe, africa, apart, comparative, conrad, contextual, darkness, fall, framework, heart, literature, postcolonial, things

Abstract
This paper endeavors to explore the impact of the slave trade on West Africa. It examines how the historical injustices of the slave trade have undeniably affected West Africa detrimentally in the political, economic and social arenas. It details the recent discussions by leaders of nations historically involved in the slave trade as they determine what reparations can be made to the victims of this inhumane practice. It gives an historical overview of the slave trade in general and specifically in West Africa.

From the Paper
"Before embarking on the political, economic and social fallout of the slave trade on West Africa, it is important to give a brief description of this blight in history. From the middle of the 15th century, the Portuguese initiated the slave trade. They were followed by the Spaniards and at a lengthier period (1562) by the British. Then in rapid succession by the Dutch (approximately 1620), the French (approximately 1640), the Swedes, Danes and Prussians, before culminating in its most awful activities in the 18th century (Morel, E.D., 1920, 4). Foreigners conducted wholly unprovoked attacks on African villages and kidnapped the young people who were strong enough to work their sugar and coffee plantations as well as for domestic servitude in their homes. The export of Africans to the New World furnished the workforce for the colonial plantations and mines whose yield (gold, silver and, most importantly, sugar, cocoa, cotton, tobacco and coffee) were the principal components of global commerce (MBokolo, E., 1998, 2). The horror of the Africans being torn from their homes and their families is matched only by the horror of the number of Africans who perished in the course of transportation on the slave ships
" the slaves could not turn around, were wedged immovably, in fact, and chained to the deck by the neck and legs".not infrequently would go mad before dying of suffocation".in their frenzy some killed others in the hopes of procuring more room to breathe".men strangled those next to them, and women drove nails into each others' brains." (Morel, E.D., 1920, 4)."

Tags:slave, trade, West, Africa, Black, political, social, history

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes AIDS in Tropical Africa. Issues covered include recent statistics relating to different countries within Africa, spatial distribution and patterns of spread, and an evaluation of the social, cultural, and behavioral reasons why AIDS is spreading so rapidly. The paper concludes with a discussion of strategies for prevention, projects to reduce the spread of AIDS, and the use of drugs in AIDS treatments in Africa.

Tags:transmission, aids, africa