Abstract
This paper analyzes the growing problem of AIDS in Africa. It discusses the major reasons why poverty and inadequate health care policies are important factors of this epidemic. The paper then compares Africa with other countries in the world and analyzes, in depth, how and why Africa is suffering under the epidemic of AIDS in recent times. It specifically looks at the global impact of inadequate health care policy and poverty in the African AIDS epidemic.

From the Paper
"This statement from the Bush Administration allows the participatory involvement of not only South Africa, but of the other countries in the vicinity that show some economic and political stability. South Africa and Uganda represents one of the more stable countries of the region, this is why it has been included within this study on how the northern and southern hemispheres are dealing with this crisis. However, the status of South Africa as a leader in preventing AIDS for impoverished nations that surround it appear to be negligent, since it cannot provide a leading example of how to stop the infection within its own policy settings agendas. In this manner, the issue of poverty within a global context is an important factor in generating reasons as to why South Africa provides a higher rate of infections thn other countries, such as the United States."

Tags:Uganda, development, ecology, denial

Abstract
The paper explores the historical legacy of the Yellow Fever epidemic and of all the epidemics which ravaged the nineteenth century southeastern United States. The paper shows how there is a paucity of information available about the 1853 attack, but asserts that we know enough about the impact of the disease elsewhere, and about its behavior in places like New Orleans, Memphis and throughout the Mississippi delta, to arrive at some tentative conclusions about what took place in Biloxi just a few short years before the outbreak of the Civil War. The paper also notes that because a fairly considerable amount of material has been devoted to the much more famous 1878 epidemic that also devastated Mississippi, the careful student can deduce what must have been unfolding in Biloxi twenty-five years earlier. The paper aims to demonstrate how the shape and tenor of American life (in the Deep South) during the nineteenth century was shaped in part by a pathogen that modern science has mostly brought under control.

From the Paper
"In nineteenth century America, there were few things more terrifying than a Yellow Fever epidemic. The insidiousness of the disease, its ability to spread rapidly and the seeming inability of health officials to slow its terrible march made the mere thought of Yellow Fever a terrifying one for even the most stout-hearted inhabitants of the Mississippi delta. With this in mind, the following paper will explore the impact of the 1853 Yellow Fever epidemic upon the community of Biloxi, Mississippi. In particular, the next several pages will look at the lives lost, how the disease spread so quickly and why it was so difficult to stop."

Tags:yellow, fever, biloxi

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the child obesity epidemic in America, including the high figures on the extent of the epidemic. Recommendations are provided as to how the nurse practitioner can counsel parents and children to effect changes.

From the Paper
"Childhood obesity in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. According to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine If the rapid rise in childhood obesity is left unchecked kids alive today may be the first generation in years to have shorter life expectancies than their parents. Moreover their obesity will likely drive up medical costs because obesity has been linked with an increased risk of many ailments such as heart disease ..."

Tags:nurse, diet, exercise, child, obesity, parent, lifestyle

Abstract
This paper explains that obesity has become a global epidemic, which negatively affects the overall health of adults and children. The paper explains that, because obesity is not a disease but rather the result of overeating and under-exercising, it can be combated by establishing a better, healthier lifestyle. The paper also relates that society, realizing the extent of this epidemic, is putting pressure on the food and restaurant industries and is providing education for obesity prevention.

Table of Contents:
Combating the Problem
Perceptive Conclusions on Obesity

From the Paper
"Some doctors have proposed specific steps through which to solve the problem, recognizing that 85% of people who 'diet' regain their weight within a short time. This means, however, that 15% of them do not, by practicing six particular habits of health that enable them to lose excess weight and then maintain a healthy one. These habits can be remembered by the acronym BESLIM. B for breakfast, E for exercise, S for support to practice habits of health, L for frequent low fat meals, I for an individual plan and M for monitoring one's weight on a regular basis."

Tags:diabetes cardiovascular, public health campaigns, government-mandated sedentary

Abstract
The literature of AIDS in Nepal tells of an epidemic ignored till 2 million or so cases were threatened, the public and government content to blame AIDS on sex workers, male migrant workers; Indian or Western tourists. Paper condemns government, and NGO responses that did not collaborate with the state towards a public health and education campaign, in cost-benefit terms. The war did not 'cause' a predictable epidemic in Nepal.

From the Paper
The AIDs Epidemic in Nepal - Blaming the Victim. Introduction Nepal now has the second highest HIV-AIDS rate in South Asia, second to the Republic of India's 5 million cases, in a regional total of HIV-positive persons said to be 7 million. (Singh, Mills et al 0705) A distinct feature of materials addressing Nepal's AIDS epidemic is a tendency to blame susceptible persons, in an almost moralizing tone that can extends too to the post-1996 Maoist insurgency in Nepal, discussed as a mystery or an instance of misbehaviour whose origins are unexplained. No mention is made of the Kingdom of Nepal's failure to provide formal or

Tags:nepal, aids, public health

Abstract
This paper describes the health problem the AIDS epidemic poses to the U.S. and to the world and provides statistics regarding the number of deaths caused by AIDS, the number of people infected by AIDS or HIV and the segment of the population that is most affected. The paper further describes measures that must be taken in order to combat the AIDS epidemic and explains that not enough is being done to stop the virus.

From the Paper
"Two hundred and twelve new cases of AIDS are diagnosed every day in the USA, where someone dies from AIDS every ten minutes. By the end of 1990 more than 100,000 people had already died from AIDS in the US alone. In 1991 more young Americans will die from AIDS than perished in the entire Vietnam War. Indeed, AIDS is now the leading cause of death for all American men aged between 25 and 44, and all American women aged between 15 and 33. In February 1990 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported a cumulative total of 11,189 women with AIDS in the United States, 52 per cent of whom were originally infected through needle-sharing, and a further 19 per cent through unprotected sex with male injecting drug users. "Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control believe that every U.S. company will have at least one employee with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) at some point" (Fontenot, 1992). Indeed, 28 per cent of all people with AIDS in America have been infected through needle-sharing, and it is currently estimated that 70 per cent of injecting drug users in some areas are already infected. Women with AIDS now make up 9 per cent of the national US total, and heterosexual transmission which accounted for only 1.2 per cent of cases in 1982, is now responsible for 4.9 per cent of the total case-load."

Tags:infection, heterosexuals, gay, alert, social, groups, transmission, communities, vaccine, cure

Abstract
The paper examines the article "The Cohabitation Epidemic" and discusses how the author Warren argues how times have changed in terms of couples cohabitating more so than taking the marital plunge.

From the Paper
"The essay "The Cohabitation Epidemic" by Neil Clark Warren uses deductive reasoning to explain the factors as to why more and more couples are living together, and pushes an agenda to the sacred institution of marriage. The main example that the essay begins with is the high-profile couple Steffi Graf and Andre Agassi, and how they became pregnant. This example is used to show how times have changed, and is a segue into how much they've changed in terms of couples cohabitating more so than taking the marital plunge. Warren asserts that cohabitators fall into two categories: people without..."

Tags:cohabitation, essay, reasoning

Abstract
This environmental paper examines the San Diego-Tijuana water epidemic. The author presents the history and current factors involved in the problem: contamination and drought. It highlights the political issues involved in environmental city management for these Mexican and American border cities.

From the Paper
"In recent decades the world has come to realize that the earth's resources are not comprised of a bottomless pit. It has been acknowledged that there are resources that are threatening to run out or contaminate so that they can no longer be useful to mankind. One of the most important resources the world has is the water supply. "

Tags:environment, earth's, resources, water, supply, contamination, mexico, usa, united, states, america, contamination, political, drought, environmental, city, management

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that school violence is addressed in various areas of research, often associated with impoverished urban American areas. The writer maintains that models pursued by researchers in different countries offer no conclusive explanation for school violence and they generally fail to comment on crack cocaine's various contributions to youth violence since the mid-1980s. This paper refers to studies of school violence that often omit a prism of crack cocaine-related issues that all educators now need to understand. The writer claims that insight is needed into what is different about the crack cocaine 'epidemic' and affiliated youth gang activity to promote several kinds of school violence, to which zero tolerance policies can be the only helpful recourse. This paper also includes reflection and presentation points.

Outline:
Introduction
American Studies, Forever
A Western Epidemic
Crack Cocaine in the Canadian Context
Zero Tolerance and the School as Refuge
The Emotionology of School Violence
Concluding Remarks - the Challenge for Teachers

From the Paper
"If one listens casually to North American adults discussing school violence, one gains a sense of how it is denounced in terms of bullying, under-disciplined or over-indulged children, or for that matter, under-privileged youths who are induced by the mass media to produce weapons in school settings. For example, Toronto's youth shootings of the last years have been discussed in terms of poverty, anti-Black racism or Black disadvantage, low opportunities, gangs and accessible handguns but without explaining in full to the public the drug around which youth gangs revolve and as crack cocaine has devastated several affected neighbourhoods in Toronto. When this factor is understood, a great many North Americans still fail to see how crack cocaine affects the individual, its links to serious mental disturbance and, as a prime symptom, frequent and uncontrollable violence in ordinary settings."

Tags:zero, tolerance, coke, drugs

Abstract
This paper explains that the problem, which the researcher M.T Cabio lu and Neyhan Ergene addressed in their article reported in "The American Journal of Chinese Medicine", was to determine whether electro-acupuncture (EA) had anything to do with weight loss as associated with C-peptide, glucose and serum insulin levels in women. The paper states that the researchers specifically did not address the theoretical framework for their study and indicates that, as the researchers believed would be the outcomes, there is a correlation between EA, diet restrictions, and weight loss as well as a correlation between EA and the blood markers for obesity.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem/Purpose
Literature Review
Study Framework or Theoretical Perspective
Research Objectives, Questions, and Hypotheses
List Attribute/Demographic Variables
Sample/Setting
Research Design
Measurement Methods and Tools
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Researchers' Interpretation of the Findings
Generalization of the Findings
Implications of the Findings for Nursing
Suggestions for Further Study

From the Paper
"For nursing, there are few implications for EA. Usually, this is performed by acupuncturists who are trained in this field. However, nurses could be trained to perform this and other weight loss treatments that are not as commonly seen in Western medicine, so that they could further benefit the people that they help on a daily basis.
"The researchers do indicate that further study should be undertaken, especially where diabetes is concerned."

Tags:affiliations epidemic, body mass index (BMI), groups markers