Abstract This paper offers some information of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) which is a depressive condition, seasonal in onset and occurs primarily throughout winter periods. The paper includes a review of the current literature and a proposal for an Australian study. High latitude locations, such as Norway, sport a high prevalence of winter SAD with mid-latitude locations such as China and Japan, experiencing reverse SAD, due to severity of symptoms occurring throughout summer periods rather than winter periods. Such review of the literature leaves methodology for a study within the mid-latitude location of Australia to concentrate upon hypotheses concerning the prevalence of both winter and summer SAD, with a higher prevalence of summer SAD anticipated.
From the Paper ""Seasonal Affective Disorder is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, which has only been formally recognised throughout the last two decades. SAD is a "course specifier" for Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV). This specification denotes that depressive episodes must be present within two consecutive years throughout specific seasons (ie. primarily winter however autumn episodes have been documented) with remission occurring, as long as psychosocial stressors are absent, throughout spring and summer periods (Lam and Levitan, 2000). Besides symptoms typically characteristic of depression such as loss of energy, irritability, fatigue, tendency to oversleep, daytime drowsiness, and social withdrawal; carbohydrate craving and resulting weight gain are atypical symptoms of SAD."
Abstract This paper use attachment theory as a conceptual framework for linking affect Regulation and Impulse control. The paper explains how the theory has been used, the origins of the theory as well as attachment relationship functions. The paper also discusses the adverse consequences of inadequate parent-child attachment.
From the Paper "This theoretical paper presents a focus on the relationship between affect regulation and impulse control, utilizing attachment theory as an explanatory conceptual framework. An introduction to the topic is followed by the origins of attachment theory, attachment relationship functions, insecure attachment defenses, attachment and regulation of affect and impulse attachment, organization and affect regulation attachment, organization and impulse control and summary and conclusions."
Tags: Attachment, Theory, to, Link, Affect, Regulation, and, Impulse, Control
Abstract In this article, the writer explains that schizo affective disorder is a mental illness characterized by a combination of symptoms of thought disorder (schizophrenia component) and mood disorder (manic or depressive component). The writer points out that there may be two subtypes of schizo affective disorder, namely, depressive subtype, characterized by schizophrenic symptoms plus major depressive episodes only, and bipolar subtype, characterized by schizophrenic symptoms accompanied by manic episodes with or without depressive symptoms. This paper gives an overview of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of schizo affective disorder with particular focus on its treatment. The paper also includes information on the environmental factors that may affect people with the disease and whether the illness discriminates on the basis of age, race, or gender.
Outline:
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Does the Illness Discriminate on the Basis of Age, Race, or Gender?
Environmental Factors
Treatment
Effective Measurement Tool/ How Does One Know if the Treatment is working?
From the Paper "The exact cause of schizoaffective disorder is not known but genetics and brain chemistry appear to play a role. Environmental factors may also contribute to its development in people who have inherited a tendency to develop the disorder, and may include viral infection, poor social interactions or highly stressful situations."
"Treatment: Treatment of schizoaffective disorder usually consists of a combination of medications and psychotherapy or counseling. The exact regimen depends on the type and severity of symptoms, and whether the disorder is of depressive or bipolar type. Medications are usually prescribed to alleviate psychotic symptoms, stabilize mood and treat depression, while psychotherapy can help curb distorted thoughts, teach social skills and diminish social isolation."
Abstract This paper explains that the affective approach to psychotherapy focuses on what goes on inside the individual and how his experience affects his behavior and perspectives of life. The paper then explains that the Adlerian approach to psychotherapy takes into account behavior as governed by the client's lifestyle and manner of dealing with personal problems. The paper contrasts these two approaches by applying them to a specific case. The author expresses a preference for the affective approach.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
The Client and the Client's Problems
Goals
The Process of Therapy
Overall Comment
Preferred Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper "The treatment of goals in each of these approaches affects its process of therapy as well as perspectives on client treatment. Both approaches take into account of the fact that the presentation of goals is critical for counseling clients. However, the perspectives on goals differ in each case. For example, in Adlerian approach, the client's well being is at the center of the treatment yet at the same time the therapist develops the fictional goal of well-being to bring the client into focus to alter his/her attitudes, thinking and behavior towards life. On the other hand, the affective approach treats goals as responsibilities which must be given or unburdened from the client to resolve his/her problems."
Abstract The following paper examines how fossil fuels affect climate and contribute to global warming as well as the way in which acid rain and oil spills affect local wildlife. The writer also discusses the effects of mining waste, farming and pharmaceutical waste.
From the Paper "Fossil fuels have become a major factor in our lives, they are used to power cars, ships, aircraft's and entire economies but at an ecological price. From the combustion of fossil fuels is water and carbon dioxides. This the major waste gases. Others include nitrous oxides, carbon monoxides and sulphur oxides. These contribute vastly to global warming. When the sun radiates electromagnetic radiation through our atmosphere it hits the earth and then the earth reflect this back in the form of longer wavelengths as infra red radiation. "
Abstract This paper explores the ways that American society and culture was affected by the Holocaust. It explains how at first the Americans thought they would be spared the horrors of this war, but how towards the end they were as deeply involved in witnessing the attrocities as the other Allies. It explains how the American public received the news of the concentration camps, how the war affected American-Jewish relationships and its relationship with Germany after the war.
From the Paper "Nazi Germany's rule led to the death of millions of European Jews. While World War II began as a European War, American eventually got into the act as an ally. By the end of the War, America was rolling its tanks into the concentration camps of the Nazis, all across Eastern Europe, freeing concentration camp prisoners and experiencing firsthand eyewitness accounts that were indescribable and utterly inhumane."
Abstract This paper begins by providing statistics of how common domestic violence is in the home. In turn, the writer states that these high numbers expose an enormous number of children to affects of domestic violence. The paper discusses the various affects which range from developing violent tendencies themselves, low self-image, aggression in problem solving, behavioral problems and even suicide.
From the Paper "In the area of psychological research there a thousands of pressing questions, yet among all those questions one rises to the top of the list. In the area of family psychology and family therapy the question of the psychological affects of domestic violence on children has been hotly debated and eternally researched, yet many questions remain unanswered. These questions are pressing as the institution of family in our culture evolves and emerges as an entirely different social dynamic than existed even twenty years ago. The psychological effects of violence, in the family upon children are vast and will probably always need further address. Many families garner a different definition as more and more family units are head primarily by one parent and many families combine to become families consisting of several members who are related only by law, rather than by genetics. These trends began many years ago but continue to change the face of the American family today and will no doubt continue to do so in the near and far future. In this proposed study the issues of the psychological effects of domestic violence upon children will be addressed through diligent research. The problem has been clearly assessed for at least the last ten years and possibly longer as more and more information about developmental psychology leads to clearer and clearer indications of causation between parental behavior and children's behavior."
This paper describes how Peter Fonagy's construct of mentalization has been utilized in clinical research on personality development and affect regulation.
Abstract This paper describes psycho-pathologist Peter Fonagy's approach to personality development called mentalization. The paper also examines how this construct applies to affect regulation. This new theory is presented in terms of past research models. The paper explores how this approach may be applied in individual and family therapy.
Outline:
Introduction
How Fonagy's Construct of Mentalization has been Utilized in Recent Clinical Research on Personality Development and Affect Regulation
References
From the Paper "Peter Fonagy is a psychopathologist who has created an approach known as mentalisation. According to Brune et al (2003) the fundamental proposition of this approach is the idea that the "conscious apprehension of our mind states through introspection might be a basic, direct and probably prewired ability of our mind (Brune et al 2003)." In addition, Fonagy does not believe that knowledge of the self as a mental instrument is inherently given (Brune et al 2003, Fonagy, 1999). Instead those that believe in the concept of mentalisation assert that knowledge of the self is a constructed or developed capacity that derives from relationships forged in the early stages of life (Brune et al 2003). The core belief is that the attachment context supplies the setting in which an infant can construct or develop sensitivity to self-states, via psycho-feedback or social biofeedback (Brune et al 2003). "
Abstract This paper discusses how racism affects education in the 21st century. The paper discusses how racism in America has changed over time from being directed almost entirely towards African Americans, to now include other minority groups. It specifically looks at how racism affects education in terms of classroom practices, access, admissions policies and results, quotas and more.
From the Paper "With their college preparation then lacking and as a result qualitatively unequal to the preparation for college of white students also seeking higher education admission, higher education becomes even harder for minority students to successfully obtain. In 2004 Solorzano and Ornelas compared patterns of enrollments of Latino/a and African American high school students in advanced placement courses in four separate high schools within the Los Angeles [California] Unified School District. The four particular high schools studied by the authors were spread over four very different geographical areas of Los Angeles."
Abstract This paper discusses the diverse components that affect a person's experience with his/her respective job. It looks at the factors that affect choosing a particular career and how a person handles work stress. The paper also looks at the different factors that contribute to a person's decision-making ability and how he/she integrates different experiences in order to build his/her unique personality.
From the Paper "As those mentioned above, experience at work are affected by a person's age, gender, ethnicity, social class and by many others not mentioned. All of these affect one another. Life at work is characterized by diverse experiences, both negative and positive ones. And they all come together to build a well rounded person. Whether we let our age, gender or any other factor affect us negatively or positively will also depend on us. We could be flexible enough to accept the things we cannot change in ourselves, like our age, and work on those things we can still improve on, like our educational level."
Tags: diversity stress personality, decision making
Abstract The paper relates that the relationship that is most defined by the art of communication is that between a mother and a son. The paper examines C.S. Lewis' "Four Loves", where Lewis focuses on a mother's affection for her son, which can be detrimental if the gift-love of the mother isn't reciprocated or needed after a certain point in the son's life. The paper illustrates this with Lewis' example of Mrs. Fidget and then applies these principles to the writer's relationship between his own mother and his brother. The writer then describes how his mother needs to feel needed but this is not being reciprocated by his brother. According to the writer, when affection is not needed on the part of the receiver, the giver becomes embittered because she feels useless.
From the Paper "In the paradigm of schemata, there are delineations; these delineations are, self-schemata, event schemata, role schemata, and person schemata. The focus that will be addressed is on role schemata. The role of the mother toward a son in particular is one that is filled with many nuances. I have observed in my own family how my mother and my brother interact with one another. C.S. Lewis debates on the supposed affection which can be detrimental towards this delicate relationship if the gift-love of the mother isn't reciprocated or needed after a certain point in the son's life; Lewis gives Mrs. Fidget as an example, "She continued all these practices because if she had dropped them she would have been faced with the fact she was determined not to see; would have known that she was not necessary" (Lewis, 81)."
Abstract This paper covers the financial, political, psychological, and sociological moods and condition of the United States before, during, and after WWII and the Vietnam War, with timelines for both eras. It then looks at how a country's perception of a war affects its veterans.
Tags: conflict, distress, post, syndrome, trauma, two, vietnam, war, world
Abstract An analysis of how weapons have developed in the 20th century and the affect that they have had on the many wars fought in this century. It gives examples of different types of explosives, firearms, tanks, aeroplanes, submarines etc and explains how each of these has changed the character of war and battles.
From the Paper "Wars have always varied from one era to another, and one major reason for that variance is the weaponry of that time. Strategies and weapons revolve around the technology of the time. In the Twentieth Century there were many new weapons invented, which significantly changed the ways wars that were fought. These weapons range from handheld grenades, to nuclear warheads. They also include new transportation modes such as submarines or airplanes. Each weapon affected wars, some more profoundly than others. "
Abstract This paper is about the affect of reading (both amount and ability) on a child's development of writing ability. It explains how reading and writing are related and explores the correlation between the two. It contains three charts.
From the Paper "The Magic Spell (a title). There was two boys. They wanted to go fishing, so they went to the forest. Tommy put a pole in the water and fell in" (Cox, Shanahan, & Sulzby, 1990, p. 65). This example of a poorly written text, composed by a poor reader in the third grade, contrasts sharply with the well-written text of a good fifth grade reader: Cities have thousands of people in them. The people live very close together and some next to tall buildings. There is a lot of noise and people running around. People live in big cities, because they are close to where they work and they think they will have a better life. There are also many choices about work, play, and housing. There are usually three main parts in a city. There is a downtown, which is busy. It has many stores, skyscrapers, and apartments. The industrial area has many factories, pollution, warehouses, and small houses. The residential area has many homes and small businesses. Some cities grow by their natural resources like oil, trees, or gas. Houston, Texas grew with those. Chicago, Illinois grew with transportation crossroads ? where roads, airways, and rivers meet. These are some of the things that made small cities become big cities (Cox et al., 1990, p. 64). Not only is there a striking difference in length between the two texts, there is also a large difference in cohesiveness, general flow of ideas and overall quality. The first story, written by a poor reader, lacks a cohesive plot or story line. For example, in the second sentence, the author says the boys want to go fishing; however, he then has them go to a forest, rather then a pond or lake, which would be more appropriate to fish in. Also, the title ("The Magic Spell") has nothing to do with the actual content of the text. Cox et al. (1990) gave this text the lowest quality score (one) and a cohesive harmony score of zero (p. 65)."
