Abstract
The paper relates that the relationship that is most defined by the art of communication is that between a mother and a son. The paper examines C.S. Lewis' "Four Loves", where Lewis focuses on a mother's affection for her son, which can be detrimental if the gift-love of the mother isn't reciprocated or needed after a certain point in the son's life. The paper illustrates this with Lewis' example of Mrs. Fidget and then applies these principles to the writer's relationship between his own mother and his brother. The writer then describes how his mother needs to feel needed but this is not being reciprocated by his brother. According to the writer, when affection is not needed on the part of the receiver, the giver becomes embittered because she feels useless.

From the Paper
"In the paradigm of schemata, there are delineations; these delineations are, self-schemata, event schemata, role schemata, and person schemata. The focus that will be addressed is on role schemata. The role of the mother toward a son in particular is one that is filled with many nuances. I have observed in my own family how my mother and my brother interact with one another. C.S. Lewis debates on the supposed affection which can be detrimental towards this delicate relationship if the gift-love of the mother isn't reciprocated or needed after a certain point in the son's life; Lewis gives Mrs. Fidget as an example, "She continued all these practices because if she had dropped them she would have been faced with the fact she was determined not to see; would have known that she was not necessary" (Lewis, 81)."

Tags:giving, gifts, sacrifices, reciprocation

Abstract
This paper explores the nature of the relationship between a mother and daughter when the mother in the relationship lost her own mother during childhood or adolescence. The paper hypothesizes that a woman who lacked maternal attachment in her youth will try to make up for this lack by over-zealous mothering later in life. The paper also aims to test whether fathers make themselves emotionally available to their daughters in the period after loss. If they do not, it is possible that they fail to heal or treat the wound created by the lack of maternal attachment so that the women has this cross to bear when becoming a mother herself.

From the Paper
"The premier theoretical standpoint on loss has been provided by the writing of John Bowlby (1969). His thesis, though groundbreaking, was simple and stark; the loss of parental care and affection has a tremendous impact on the emotional and personal development of children. Writing in the 1950s, Bowlby provided the theoretical background for a greater concentration in offering opportunity and social justice for those children brought up in difficult environments. Indeed, he was called upon to advise the world Health organisation. He was keen to stress not just the simple sense of misery created by the lack of maternal affection, but also the "grave and far reaching effects on character" (Bowlby, 1969, 72) which would ensue. He, and later Fonagy (2002), built upon a notion of Freud's (1963), which will be dealt with in more depth under attachment; the concept of a trauma event and its link to neuroses. "

Tags:psychology, freud, bolby, loss, parenting

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at different books of Charles Dickens and discusses that his works give the modern reader an idea of the harsh reality of 19th century England with the misery and tragedies the poor were forced to endure. The writer points out that Dickens also showed another side. The writer maintains that in his novels, Dickens does not portray the poor family as corrupt, but rather more loving, more affectionate and even more virtuous then all others. The writer discusses that Dickens portrayed the poor, not as evil villains as society would have liked them to be seen, but as virtuous and loving beings, who were simply trying to survive in a grim and ruthless environment, with little or no aid from the government.

From the Paper
"No matter what difficulties arise it appears that the family always sticks together and loves each other unconditionally. In Great Expectations, when Pip is ill and gets himself into debt, it is Joe who is there to bail him out, in spite of the fact, that Pip had rejected him for so long. The love and affection that the two shared was there all along and in the end both knew what really mattered. Dickens's own family experience was probably much like this; in fact Dickens stuck with his family and supported them for years. Dickens did however, have somewhat of a grudge against his mother, who almost forced him back to the blacking factory after his family had been released from prison. "

Tags:poor, struggles, difficulties, hunger

Abstract
A personal reflection on how sociology has affected the student's life.

From the Paper
"Inequality has affected my own life in that I have experienced it first hand and in those I know and care about. I consider my own social class to be middle class, my gender is male and my ethnicity is white. While I have enjoyed many advantages due to being from a white, middle class background, I have experienced feeling less equal to those in a higher class who are the owners of the jobs, businesses and houses..."

Tags:How, Sociology, Affects, Our, Lives

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at how stuttering affects language. Specifically, the paper looks at the role phonetic complexity plays in the frequency of stuttering amongst individuals. Moving forward, the paper also looks at the role that speed appears to play in how poorly (or how well) individuals who have a propensity for stuttering articulate themselves. Finally, the paper concludes by examining how factors like spontaneity shape a person's tendency to stutter while speaking.

From the Paper
"In the end, stuttering appears to limit an individual's ability to express phonetically complex sentences or phrases, limits the ability of an individual to express him or herself when the rate of verbal exchange is accelerated, and makes extemporaneous verbal exchange difficult, maybe even almost impossible, in some instances."

Tags:stuttering, affects, language

Abstract
This paper offers some information of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) which is a depressive condition, seasonal in onset and occurs primarily throughout winter periods. The paper includes a review of the current literature and a proposal for an Australian study. High latitude locations, such as Norway, sport a high prevalence of winter SAD with mid-latitude locations such as China and Japan, experiencing reverse SAD, due to severity of symptoms occurring throughout summer periods rather than winter periods. Such review of the literature leaves methodology for a study within the mid-latitude location of Australia to concentrate upon hypotheses concerning the prevalence of both winter and summer SAD, with a higher prevalence of summer SAD anticipated.

From the Paper
""Seasonal Affective Disorder is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, which has only been formally recognized throughout the last two decades. SAD is a "course specifier" for Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV). This specification denotes that depressive episodes must be present within two consecutive years throughout specific seasons (ie. primarily winter however autumn episodes have been documented) with remission occurring, as long as psychosocial stressors are absent, throughout spring and summer periods (Lam and Levitan, 2000). Besides symptoms typically characteristic of depression such as loss of energy, irritability, fatigue, tendency to oversleep, daytime drowsiness, and social withdrawal; carbohydrate craving and resulting weight gain are atypical symptoms of SAD."

Tags:affective, disorder, prevalence, seasonal

Abstract
This paper use attachment theory as a conceptual framework for linking affect Regulation and Impulse control. The paper explains how the theory has been used, the origins of the theory as well as attachment relationship functions. The paper also discusses the adverse consequences of inadequate parent-child attachment.

From the Paper
"This theoretical paper presents a focus on the relationship between affect regulation and impulse control, utilizing attachment theory as an explanatory conceptual framework. An introduction to the topic is followed by the origins of attachment theory, attachment relationship functions, insecure attachment defenses, attachment and regulation of affect and impulse attachment, organization and affect regulation attachment, organization and impulse control and summary and conclusions."

Tags:Attachment, Theory, to, Link, Affect, Regulation, and, Impulse, Control

Abstract
This paper describes, analyzes and studies the Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) commonly known as Winter Depression.

Tags:seasonal, affective, disorder

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that schizo affective disorder is a mental illness characterized by a combination of symptoms of thought disorder (schizophrenia component) and mood disorder (manic or depressive component). The writer points out that there may be two subtypes of schizo affective disorder, namely, depressive subtype, characterized by schizophrenic symptoms plus major depressive episodes only, and bipolar subtype, characterized by schizophrenic symptoms accompanied by manic episodes with or without depressive symptoms. This paper gives an overview of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of schizo affective disorder with particular focus on its treatment. The paper also includes information on the environmental factors that may affect people with the disease and whether the illness discriminates on the basis of age, race, or gender.

Outline:
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Does the Illness Discriminate on the Basis of Age, Race, or Gender?
Environmental Factors
Treatment
Effective Measurement Tool/ How Does One Know if the Treatment is working?

From the Paper
"The exact cause of schizoaffective disorder is not known but genetics and brain chemistry appear to play a role. Environmental factors may also contribute to its development in people who have inherited a tendency to develop the disorder, and may include viral infection, poor social interactions or highly stressful situations."
"Treatment: Treatment of schizoaffective disorder usually consists of a combination of medications and psychotherapy or counseling. The exact regimen depends on the type and severity of symptoms, and whether the disorder is of depressive or bipolar type. Medications are usually prescribed to alleviate psychotic symptoms, stabilize mood and treat depression, while psychotherapy can help curb distorted thoughts, teach social skills and diminish social isolation."

Tags:diagnosis, symptoms, psychiatric, mood

Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines organizational and environmental factors affecting human resource management. Part II discusses organizational factors affecting human resource management. In Part III, environmental factors affecting human resource management. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations for addressing the organizational and environmental factors affecting human resource management.

From the Paper
"Human resource managers are like jugglers and tightrope walkers in some respect, i.e., they must balance the need to hire, retain, and train the employees who are the best qualified for the job while ensuring corporate profits steadily rise and corporate expenses hold steady at a reasonable level. As today's workforce becomes increasingly diverse, human resource managers are being faced with increasingly complex organizational and environmental factors that affect human resource management. These organizational and environmental factors have resulted in human resource managers evolving from old school sideline coaches to front-line fighters. Employees are crucial to an organization's success and human resources managers must ensure that they are maximizing every individual's abilities, knowledge, qualifications, and skills."

Tags:employer, employee, workforce, management, human, resource