Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines organizational and environmental factors affecting human resource management. Part II discusses organizational factors affecting human resource management. In Part III, environmental factors affecting human resource management. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations for addressing the organizational and environmental factors affecting human resource management.

From the Paper
"Human resource managers are like jugglers and tightrope walkers in some respect, i.e., they must balance the need to hire, retain, and train the employees who are the best qualified for the job while ensuring corporate profits steadily rise and corporate expenses hold steady at a reasonable level. As today's workforce becomes increasingly diverse, human resource managers are being faced with increasingly complex organizational and environmental factors that affect human resource management. These organizational and environmental factors have resulted in human resource managers evolving from old school sideline coaches to front-line fighters. Employees are crucial to an organization's success and human resources managers must ensure that they are maximizing every individual's abilities, knowledge, qualifications, and skills."

Tags:employer, employee, workforce, management, human, resource

Abstract
In this paper, the writer reviews the article by Thurman and Allen, simultaneously relating personal impressions, opinions and comments relating to the primary question this study addresses: "Are lactation consultants affecting breastfeeding success?". The writer considers some of the reasons a mother may choose not to breastfeed her infant and looks at the role of individuals with certified lactation consultant credentials. The writer explains the role of the International Board of Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLC) and also includes an interview with a friend who relates her personal experience with breastfeeding. The writer relates that from this study, he gained a greater understanding of the help that individuals with IBCLC certification are able to provide for new mothers. A figure is included in the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Study Components
Breastfeeding Considerations

From the Paper
"Now, however, the International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC), a recognized credentialing agent in breastfeeding support, assures a specific standard of education, training, and knowledge that non-certified "lactation consultants may not possess (Thurman & Allen, 2008, p. 2). Along with earning educational credits relating to breastfeeding, individuals with Certified Lactation Consultant credentials must complete extensive clinical training with breastfeeding mothers and earned a passing grade on the final lactation consultant's exam. Once the individual passes the exam and has been certified, the professional lactation consultant must re-certify every five years. After 10 years, the lactation consultant must re-take the exam for recertification. For mothers to become knowledgeable about what may happen when they start breastfeeding, it is vital that they receive proper informative information regarding breastfeeding. Healthcare providers sometimes fail to provide new mothers with information explaining the benefits of breastfeeding over formula feeding (Thurman & Allen, 2008, p. 1).
"Professionals who are knowledgeable about breastfeeding serve as one of the key components in not only encouraging new mothers to breastfeed their babies, but also in educating family members regarding the significance of breastfeeding and the value of supporting the mother to breastfeed her baby. Thurman and Allen note: "Breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding maintenance benefit from the skills and assistance of a supportive experienced individual" (Ibid.)."

Tags:mothers, newborns, milk, nutrition

Abstract
This paper examines climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases reduction, removal and disposal and the intersections between treatment technologies, energy savings and sustainable energy sources. It presents case studies of companies competing in the alternative energy industry in general and in biomass conversion in particular. It then reviews the literature concerning particular technologies for application to current carbon energy sources researched and practiced by researchers, government and industry today. Essentially, this study examines the methods used to reduce, remove and dispose of greenhouse gas constituents.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction
Importance of the Study
Background of the Problem
Problem Statement
Definition of Terms
Methodology Statement
Purpose of Study
Summary
Chapter II. Review of the Literature
Introduction
Defining Global Warming
The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Variability
Sources of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases and Induced Climate Change
Anthropogenic Induced Climate Change
Atmospheric Temperatures and Recent Climate Changes
Positive Feedback Loops
Important Issues Affected by Global Warming
Public Health Issues
Precipitation
Ocean Warming, Circulation and Acidification
Sea Level Rise
Snow and Ice
Biodiversity
Ozone Depletion
Summary
Constituents of Concern
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
Aerosols
Assessment of Treatment Technologies
Biomass Today
Boosting Production
Carbon Capture
Flue Gas Cleaning
Molecular Sieve
Chapter III. Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter IV. Data Analysis and Discussion

From the Paper
"Beginning in the nineteenth century, machines of the Industrial Revolution first began using fossil fuels including coal and petroleum and were the start of a new economic engine. While unrecognized as a potential global issue at the time, the increased use of fossil fuels during this period in history began to contribute to the accumulation of so-called greenhouse gases. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a byproduct of the combustion process of fossil fuels. Since the beginning of Industrial Revolution, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have increased 30%, CH4 levels have increase 15 % and subsequent increases have occurred in all other GHGs. The result is the average increase in global temperatures was 10F from the mid-nineteenth century till near the end of the twentieth century. Within the last 25 years the average global temperature increase has been an additional 0.80F. This temperature increase follows the increase in GHGs. Figure 1 shows the increases in carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen oxides from their various sources from 1970 until 2004. Scientific consensus is that this increase is not that of natural variation or solar radiation changes but from the results of human activities. Not only from the burning of fossil fuels but from the diminished natural buffers created by farming and resulting deforestation (Braasch 2007)"

Tags:GHG, atmosphere, energy, society

Abstract
This is a position paper revolving around "M v. H" (1999) as claimed to be landmark in Canadian law affecting women and notably Canadian lesbians. The paper questions the 'landmark' status of the case in the broader sweep of much more pressing and universal women's law in Canada and significant defects in the legal system centred on funds and access to counsel. The paper considers "M v. H" a 'yuppie' decision more than a women's rights/lesbian decision.

From the Paper
"What is known as "M v. H" established a revised concept of women and including women in same-sex relationships that continues to shape Canadian law and legal decision-making. The parties involved in this case had known a same-sex relationship from 1982 to 1992 and had engaged in a business joint venture with property acquisition till a number of business reversals before their termination of their personal relationship. M's contribution to the development of their advertising joint venture had..."

Tags:lesbian cdn, women's law, assertions

Abstract
This paper discusses how professional dress of the teacher affects student behavior in the middle school. Specifically, it discusses the contention that a simple way that middle school teachers can improve the effectiveness of their educational services delivery is by wearing professional attire. The paper analyzes the literature, draws conclusions and provides recommendations.

Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Importance of Professional Attire for Middle School Teachers
Practical Realities and Constraints to Professional Attire
General Professional Attire Guidelines for Middle School Teachers
Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendations

From the Paper
"The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ensures that right of all American citizens to wear just about anything they damn well please in their private lives, but this part of the Bill of Rights becomes cloudier when middle school teachers step across the schoolhouse door. Even assuming that a middle school district does not subscribe to a formal dress code for its teachers, the research was consistent in showing that students who perceive their teachers to be attired professionally performed better academically and behaved better as well. Since these positive outcomes directly relate to virtually all middle school teachers' goals, it just makes good sense to use this simple but effective approach to delivering improved educational services in the middle school classroom today. The research also showed that it is not impossible for even the most fashion-impaired teacher to develop a sense of what types of dress are appropriate in the classroom and some common sense will go a long way in making these decisions. In the final analysis, the same concepts of professional attire that apply to other professions are just as important to the teaching field, and in some cases, it would seem that they are even more important because they provide a win-win outcome by helping young people learn more effectively by providing a classroom environment that is more conducive to learning."

Tags:attire, perception, respect, learning

Abstract
This paper hypothesizes that education levels, GDP in purchasing power parity terms, healthy life expectancy (HALE), rate of unemployment, the total fertility rate (TFR) and openness of a country to foreign trade affect the corruption index of a country. The paper then makes an effort to analyze the effects of these variables on CPI quantitatively and to draw the appropriate inferences.

Table of Contents
Overview of the Linkages
Summary and Policy Implications
Annexure

From the Paper
"Corruption has been defined in many ways. However, an often quoted definition of corruption is one by Nye, which considers corruption "...a behavior which deviates from the normal duties of a public role because of private-regarding pecuniary or status gains; or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private-regarding influence"(Nye,1967). However, this paper uses the definition of the Transparency International (TI) who has defined corruption as the abuse of public office for private gain. The surveys used in compiling the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) tend to ask questions in line with the misuse of public power for private benefit, with a focus for example, on bribe-taking by public officials in public procurement. The sources do not distinguish between administrative and political corruption. The CPI used in this paper is the latest available CPI, 2003 published by the Transparency International. Using formal and empirical approaches several authors show that corruption detracts investors, reduces the productivity of public expenditures, distorts the allocation of resources and thus lowers economic growth. These findings are reflected in the strategies of most of the international organizations like World Bank, IMF, United Nations Anticorruption Treaty (2003) etc. Corruption is not restricted to developing countries only. However, a number of studies have revealed that rich countries generally have lesser degree of corruption in public life than the poorer nations. Corruption is not a new phenomenon. However, with the evolution, rising independence & increased public access of different forms of media, especially in the last three decades, the cases of corruptions are reported more. This has increased awareness among the citizens about corruption. In many societies, corruption exacts heavy economic costs, distorts the operation of free markets, slows down economic development and destroys the ability of institutions and bureaucracies to deliver the services that society may expect. Corruption also has an adverse influence in reducing poverty because it diverts resources from the poor to the rich. A study has found that a one standard deviation (2.38 point) improvement in the corruption index is associated with over a 4% increase in a country's investment rate and over a half percentage point increase in the per capita growth rate. The study by Gopal J. Yadav (2005) hypothesized that the level of corruption would be lower in a country with higher per capita income, higher level of education and greater exposure to other nations. This paper hypothesizes that Education levels, GDP in Purchasing Power Parity terms, healthy life expectancy (HALE), rate of unemployment, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and openness of a country to foreign trade affect the corruption index of a country. However, interdependence of some of these variables cannot be ruled out. Data relating to 77 countries across the globe were available for analysis. This paper makes an effort to analyze the effects of these variables on CPI quantitatively and draws inferences."

Tags:deviates, normal, duties, public, role, violates, bribe-taking, political, transparency

Abstract
This paper reviews the factors affecting the marketing strategies of a book company called Waterstones. It looks at the environmental factors affecting the marketing strategies of the company before discussing market segmentation and segmentation methods, buyer decision making and marketing mix. The paper also focuses on the various problems facing Waterstones and its marketing strategies

Outline:
Background information
Environmental factors
Market segmentation and segmentation methods
Buyer decision making
Marketing Mix
Problems facing Waterstones

From the Paper
''There are environmental factors that are affecting the marketing of Waterstone books. These factors are either macro environmental factors or micro environmental factors. They affect the marketing of the books in both negative and positive ways. These factors can be looked into by conducting a PEST analysis of this company. PEST analysis looks at the Political Economic Social and Technological environment within which a company is operating (NetMBA, 2009, pg 3). Starting with the political environment, it is imperative to note that the United Kingdom is a liberal country where people enjoy their rights to the fullest. This means that there is freedom of speech, movement, expression and association in the country. One of the political freedoms that can affect the marketing of Waterstone books is the freedom of expression. This is because where there is freedom of expression, people are more likely to express themselves in various ways without fear and one of this ways is writing. In a country where the levels of censorship are low and the freedom of the press is very high, booksellers find it easy operating in such an environment because there is a wide variety of literature that people are yearning to buy. The low censorship levels and the high levels of the freedom of press is one of the political factors that have had positive effects on the marketing strategies of Waterstone. This is because there is a huge supply of literature and the demand for the books is high especially because there are wide variety of areas that writers are tackling without fear. The second political factor that has had an effect on the marketing strategies of Waterstone books is the regulations by the government (Lorenzo, 2006; pg 78). The cost of operation by booksellers in the United Kingdom is very high and this has affected the marketing ability of the Waterstone. This is because, these costs, that have been driven up by government regulations and high taxations, force the price of the books to climb up to levels which a good percentage of the people in the Great Britain cannot afford. When the price of a product is above the spending power of a good percentage of the people in the country, the demand for that product goes down and this creates a negative effect on the marketing strategies of a company (Lusch, 1987; pg 23). This is the same scenario that Waterstone is facing in the United Kingdom due to the costly government regulations.''

Tags:economic, strategies, price

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the factors affecting the rate of unemployment in the United States are diverse and far-reaching. The writer notes that while unemployment trends follow no set pattern, it is possible to study the effects of a wide variety of variables that add to the problem. The writer discusses that the quality of the workforce, levels of pay for work performed, technological issues, and welfare state are all factors that change the face of unemployment for individual workers. The writer concludes that the solutions to these problems are difficult to imagine and even more difficult to implement, making unemployment and conditions that will likely continue regardless of the condition of the economy.

From the Paper
"A significant factor in the level of unemployment is the addition of technology to the work environment. Machines are being used in ever widening roles to complete tasks that once required a number of laborers. In grocery and discount stores, for example, six cashiers can be replaced by one through the addition of self-service check out lines. In February of 2003, manufacturers reduced their ranks by 3,000 jobs for the 43rd consecutive job-loss months for that sector. Most employers have increased the number of highly skilled workers and reduced less-skilled workers as work tasks have required greater levels of reading and problem solving due to increases in computer technology. These technological advances have added to the wage inequality mentioned above and have had the greatest effect on the unskilled, uneducated worker. In fact, as early as the 1980s, workers who were able to use computers earned a noticeably higher wage than those who did not."

Tags:workers, job, wages, employers

Abstract
A description on how women in Afghanistan were stripped of all their rights under the Taliban regime and in the name of Islam. This paper discusses how experts maintain that religion is never a problem, rather it is the economy of a country that leads to poor human rights situation. It gives an historical background to Afghanistan specifically how it has been torn apart with more than 23 years of warfare and its poor economic situation. Furthermore it explains how this is negatively affecting the social setup and especially the lives of the female population.

From the Paper
"To say Afghanistan is a poor country would be an understatement. Afghanistan is simply one of the poorest countries in the world with its GDP growth rate being negligible and more than 53 percent of it coming from agriculture which is still in primitive stage. It is important to mention here that Afghanistan's dependence on agriculture is leading to extreme poverty because no sophisticated methods are being used to increase productivity and the government is not doing much to exploit land, which contains abundant mineral resources. (CIA Fact book, 2000)"

Tags:Taliban, natural resources, education, poverty, birth-rate

Abstract
This is a research paper about modern day stress with emphasis on work stress. The author discusses how and why people of different professions are effected by stress and how this effects our society.

From the Paper
"While all of the benefits of modern society are intended to make life better, the stress of modern culture appears to be having the opposite effect. Current evidence indicates that the stress of modern living is affecting the development of children. Rather then making life better, modern culture has created an environment that is at odds with millions of years of human evolution that intended humanity to live a completely different sort of life then the one offered today."

Tags:health, healthcare, students, workers