Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts various aspects of Australopithecus afarensis with Homo neanderthalensis.

From the Paper
"Australopithecus afarensis lived to ... million years ago in various areas of Africa including contemporary Tanzania and Ethiopia. Using carbon dating techniques with fossils discovered in the early ...s, this species was named by D. Johanson and T. White in ... The oldest known specimen is Lucy, a million year-old partial skeleton found in November at Hadar, Ethiopia. (Kreger) Australopithecus afarensis had a very low forehead, a face that projected forward and a prominent brow ridge. Its brain was about one-third..."

Tags:hominins, australopithecus afarensis, Homo neandertalensis

Abstract
The Australopithecines constitutes a group of extinct hominids that are closely related to humans. The Australopithecines were believed to be bi-pedal organisms, making them an integral link in the chain of evolution leading to modern man. This essay explores the evolution from ancient primates, to bi-pedal australopithicenes, to modern man. It includes several cited sources.

From the Paper
"The word "hominid" refers to "any of a family (Hominidae) of erect bipedal primate mammals comprising recent humans together with extinct ancestral and related forms" (Merriam Webster). Hominids are included in the super-family of apes, the Hominoidea, in which the members are referred to as hominoids. Though the fossil record of hominids is currently fragmented and incomplete, there is enough material present to provide a healthy sketch of the evolutionary history of homo sapiens. Inasmuch as the Australopithecines were "bipedal primate mammals," they can be classified as ancient hominids (Merriam Webster). Many changes in the physical environment contributed to the evolution of these early humans."

Tags:afarensis, archaeology, fossils, lucy, paleontology, primates

Abstract
This paper describes the footprint and fossil discoveries from the Laetoli site. A comparison of findings from the Hadar site is mentioned. Past and current anthropological research from scientists Tim White, Don Johanson, Richard Leaky, Russell Tuttle, etc., is included

From the Paper
"The Tanzanian site of Laetoli is a magnificent place located twenty-five miles southwest of Olduvai Gorge (Tattersall 147). Here, not only were ancient hominid remains unearthed, but human behavior was discovered recorded in the ancient sets of footprints that run across the site's grounds. These prints are currently the oldest hominid tracks known to mankind (149). Both the fossil remains and the 3.5 million year old tracks discovered at Laetoli have caused revelations in the archaeological record."

Tags:afarensis, anthropology, australopithecus, fossils, excavations, field, researchs