Abstract The paper defines unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and explains what they are. The advantages of UAVs are clearly discussed and elucidated by the paper. The paper asserts that the research in the paper, demonstrates valid and significant uses for the unmanned aerial vehicle, including urban applications relating to security and safety. The paper concludes that full utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles in reconnaissance would save the lives of servicemen.
Outline:
Introduction
Casualty Factor
Tactical Reconnaissance in Urban Environments
Biological and Chemical Sensor Transport
The Goal and the Vision in Tactical Reconnaissance
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Another use that shows promise for the UAV is in the carrying of sensory devices especially biological sensors. Since the battlefield is a situation that has a high likelihood chemical or biological exposure and UAV transport of these types of sensory detection devices ultimately are very likely to prove very efficient and effective in achieving health-related goals. (Shepherd, 2003) Reports are rife with soldiers exposure to uranium other chemical exposures in the Persian Gulf. Urban situations requiring sensors for safety are related as well. The "Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments for Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents" published by the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology states that the U.S. Army is: "...under a congressional mandate and the Chemical Weapons Convention of January 1993 to destroy its entire stockpile of chemical munitions. In addition to stockpiled munitions, nonstockpile chemical materiel (NSCM) has been identified for destruction. NSCM includes a host of lethal wastes from past disposal efforts, unserviceable munitions, chemically contaminated containers, chemical-production facilities, newly located chemical munitions, known sites containing substantial quantities of buried chemical weapons and wastes, and binary weapons and components. There are eight stockpile sites located in the continental United States and one on an island in the Pacific Ocean, and 82 NSCM locations have been identified. There are concerns, based on storage and past disposal practices, about soil and groundwater contamination at those sites. Six of the most commonly found chemical-warfare agents at stockpile and NSCM sites are the nerve agents GA, GB, GD, and VX and the vesicating (blistering) agents sulfur mustard and lewisite." (1999) The use of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the cleanup initiative for the military may be ensured more safely through use of UAV in monitoring these efforts of handling and transporting, destroying or other means applied in elimination of these materials. The use of the UAV in all tasks that could be handled remotely or autonomously promises to save lives but as well promises to reduce health care costs for the military and civilian populations and ultimately for the country at large. "
Abstract This paper explains that most countries outside North America classify aerial platforms as being electronic devices, basically set-top and other types of devices, primarily for use in enhancing television reception. The author points out that the more sophisticated devices are used at remote production sites where top-notch quality transmission back to a central location via satellite is required; these aerial devices can be either land-based, as in a stationary studio application, or carried aloft via aircraft, even in outer space to deliver aerial amplifications. The paper relates other uses and methods of delivery are shipboard where they are used for search and rescue types of operations, as in air crashes at sea; the most frequent application is "hired out" aerial platforms used by production companies for movies and similar projects.
From the Paper "Yet another greatly successful program of "aerial platform" use is in the tracking of the whale herds in their migration treks through the open ocean. By the use of these platforms, the government of the United Kingdom has been able to set up within the European Union a consultative forum on whaling so that this valuable World Asset and several species are no longer hunted to extinction. As a result of the successful efforts in the Atlantic Ocean, the nations of the Pacific Rim are in negotiations now to establish a similar program within their waters to intelligently harvest whales, an important part of the diets of several Asian nations. The biggest obstacle so far is the cooperation the Russians as since the fall of the Soviet Union this Russian Industry has been all but unregulated by anyone."
Abstract This seventeen-page undergraduate paper discusses unmanned aerial vehicles or UAV's. A UAV is officially defined as A powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or non lethal payload.
Abstract This paper researches the issues concerning the ways unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will affect the security of the national airspace. The paper specifically looks at the degree of acceptance of UAVs and of the ways to educate individuals so that UAVs will be accepted into the current national airspace as a necessary component. The author includes a literature review, a description of the methodology used for the survey, an analysis of the data and recommendations based on the research. In the chapter on methodology, the author presents an extensive general discussion on the process of doing research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale for the Study
Overview of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Research Design and Approach
Population and Sample
Collection and Tabulation of Data
Data Analysis Procedure
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Analysis
Limitations of the Study
Reliability and Validity of the Data
Survey Instrument
Analysis of the Data
Summary, Recommendations, And Conclusion
From the Paper "Commercial flights have been going on for a long time. Throughout this history there have always been accidents. Weather, mechanical failures, and other issues have worked to produce some of these. However, there are some accidents that can only be attributed to what is termed "pilot error." Those that want to understand how these accidents happen and why have studied many of these accidents and tried to determine what caused the human error that ultimately led to the crash . Many of these individuals have discovered that the fatigue of the crew and the pilot has been what has led to the crash in many cases."
This paper looks at the history of the U.S. war on drugs, with specific attention devoted to the use of herbicides as an instrument to overcome Colombia's illicit drug trade.
Abstract In this article, the writer outlines the controversial topic of aerial spraying or fumigation in Colombia as it pertains to efforts to destroy the country's illicit drug trade. To really understand the issue, however, the writer discusses the lengthy history of narcotics in Colombia, the history of the American war on drugs and the types of drugs that appear most prevalent in Colombia. From there, time is devoted to looking at the issue of aerial spraying, why it seemed like a good idea when first conceived, and precisely what impact it has had upon Colombia. In the final analysis, the writer maintains that aerial spraying seems superficially to be an effective means of thwarting the drug trafficking problem in Colombia, but it may simply be a needless distraction diverting resources and expertise away from worthwhile alternatives.
From the Paper "The history of the war on drugs is a long and important one, but it is necessary first to place it within the context of the even longer history of Colombia as a major international distributor of illicit narcotics. To begin with, marijuana cultivation in Colombia first emerged during the initial decade of the twentieth century. By as early as the 1930s, some cultivation was taking place among the Costeno black population on Barranquilla and urban criminals located in this territory were routinely smoking marijuana. Additionally, during the course of the Second World War, hemp cultivation muscled its way to the forefront courtesy the growing demand for large-scale fiber production as one part of the much larger war effort. Finally, by the latter part of the 1960s and by the early 1970s, marijuana production in Colombia became a fairly huge and lucrative industry in response to a growing demand for such a good in the United States."
Abstract This paper looks at how maritime torts and aerial torts play a slightly different role in the choice of law rules, when compared to other types of torts committed. This is mainly due to the nature of the tort and the extent of how far international law has slowly developed in relation to such issues as to maritime and aerial torts.
From the Paper "The fundamental question that the forum court must determine is when the elements of a tort cross jurisdictional boundaries, whether or not the tort has occurred within its jurisdiction. In essence the first requirement for any court, invited to exercise jurisdiction and power over parties, is to establish (at least where there is a contest or doubt) that according to its own law it has jurisdiction and power over the matter before it. If not, it must decide what law or laws to apply in determining liability."
Abstract This paper proposes a study to provide an overview of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs), what role they are currently playing, and how they might be used in the future. In order to assess the future trend of such military hardware, a critical review of the relevant literature is followed by the administration of a survey form to determine the social acceptability and military implications of such unmanned vehicles being used in lieu of human soldiers in the future. An analysis of the statistical data is followed by a narrative description of the findings and recommendations for the future.
From the Paper "As the United States continues to wage a prolonged and costly regional war in the Middle East, there is growing concern among many observers in the military and legislature who contend the country is stretching its resources too thinly, and any eruption of hostilities in other parts of the world such as North Korea or Indonesia, for instance, would surely be disastrous. Adding further impetus to these worries are the growing casualty lists of American soldiers who are being killed by unseen and mostly unknown assailants. In this environment, then, any military tool that allows troops to remain out of harm's way while gathering the essential intelligence required to prosecute an effective ground war must be viewed as a step in the right direction."
Abstract The paper discusses efforts to move the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) forward and place it on the same footing as human-piloted aircraft and notes the serious safety concerns involved in using them as commercial airliners. The paper shows how UAVs are an unproven technology that is only beginning to be successfully used in military applications. The paper contends that using this technology in civil airspace represents an unnecessary risk to other aircraft that cannot be justified.
From the Paper "Some may believe that UAVs are the next step in aviation, but it is far more likely based on the evidence to conclude that they are actually just a new hazard in already overcrowded skies (Use of pilotless planes, 2006). In the United States alone, airlines account for approximately 612 million commercial flights each year (Eng, n.d.). This is a significant number of aircraft clogging the skies each year, which is already difficult to manage. Mid-air collisions are not unheard of, despite pilot training and despite the latest technology. Into this fray imagine the insertion of UAVs using untested technology and an unreliable ability to detect and avoid other aircraft. The results of UAVs colliding with other aircraft or with structures on the ground cannot be ignored."
A historical overview of the American Volunteer Group which flew aerial operations over China in early WWII, discussing leadership, purpose, successes, controversies, pilots and dissolution.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 17 sources, 1992, $ 135.95
From the Paper "This paper will provide an historical overview of the Flying Tigers. A Flying Tiger fighter plane could always be distinguished by the "razor-sharp shark teeth and sinister eyes painted on the nose" (Neely, 1991, p. 66). Formally known as the American Volunteer Group (AVG), the Flying Tigers flew in numerous aerial operations over China during the early period of the Second World War. The pilots of this group became legendary because of their success in fighting against the Japanese and also because of the many dramatic and colorful stories surrounding them. The pilots were volunteers from the U.S. armed services who were seeking excitement and adventure beyond their normal military duties. Because of the adventurous nature of these pilots, there were many discipline problems to be found among them. Their commanding officer, Claire Lee Chennault ..."
Abstract This paper examines in-depth the historic connection between warfare and technology. It explores the early tales of arms traders, as seen the emergence of gun powder worldwide in numerous historical documents at same time. The paper follows the history of mankind and the weapons that followed: Canons, pistols, automatic riffles, tanks, battleships, and nuclear bombs. It also describes the military strategies of each era: Trench warfare, aerial bombardments, blockade running and the cold war.
From the Paper "Nothing reflects the power of mankind's intellect more aptly or in a more timely fashion than his ability to vanquish a military opponent. In warfare, technological advantages complement tactical ones in shaping the destiny of civilizations, and it is in war that one finds the newest, most forward thinking technologies. This is important in that the chief difference between medieval war and wars in the modern age is technological.
Medieval preconceptions about the nature of warfare fell to the sound of a cannon blast with the walls of Constantinople in 1453. Many believe this technology to have been transmitted to the invading Ottoman Turks via Arab traders. In the Arabian colonies of Africa, saltpetre was known as "Chinese snow" and in Persia as "Chinese salt" and one 13th century manuscript refers to a substance causing "Heaven shaking thunder!" However, it was said to be a Hungarian cannon-maker that designed the Sultan's siege weapons."
Tags: war, military, technology, canon, riffle, nuclear, bomb
Abstract Uses social theory to analyze the crisis caused by the mid-air collision of a U.S spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet on April 1, 2001. Examines the conflict theory of Karl Marx and interaction theory of Georg Simmel. Discusses economics as a driving force (Marx) and human interaction (Simmel). Explores issues of who caused the crash; sovreign aerial territory, political ideology, personal and international interaction.
From the Paper "This study will examine the crisis following the mid-air collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet over international waters off the coast of China. The crisis, with its many ambiguities, uncertainties and ramifications, lends itself to analysis based on the ideas of conflict theorist Karl Marx and interaction theorist Georg Simmel.
The crisis is a fascinating subject for inquiry based on social theory because it involved not only the individuals on the two planes (including the deceased Chinese pilot who apparently caused the collision--if we are to believe the American version), but also the two powerful nations of the United States and China. The crisis had a number of factors which are wide open to controversy, from the cause of the collision to the question of international territory to the issue of intelligence gathering."
Abstract The paper examines how, in "Catch 22", Joseph Heller chronicles the pointlessness and ultimate dehumanization of war. While stationed in the fictional Mediterranean island of Pianosa, Air Force soldier John Yossarian participates in several brutal and dangerous operations, where his men give their lives not for their country, but to obtain good aerial pictures of the exploding targets. The paper explains that, disgusted that his life is constantly in danger for nothing, Yossarian vows to survive this pointless war at all costs. He thus spends much of his time faking illness and devising ways to be sent home. The paper also touches on the circular pattern of the novel and gives examples of where they occur.
From the Paper "Several instances of the circularity of Catch 22 reasoning are found through the struggles of a number of secondary characters. Chaplain Tapmann, for example, struggles to maintain his belief in a just and loving God, despite all indications otherwise. Around him, people die for no reason, and he witnesses how religion -- like war -- is used to further the agendas of officers. Eventually, the chaplain is forced to give up his principles and lie by faking an illness to escape from being beaten. Though he is a man of God, the chaplain nevertheless finds that the results are "wonderful." In a parody of Genesis, Heller writes, "The chaplain had sinned, and it was good.""
Abstract The paper presents information about a sophisticated system for managing transportation, using advanced telemetric equipment inside vehicles, advanced navigational units, and on-board computers, which allow a low-cost transition of information, such as speed, oil temperature, fuel levels, and location. The author points out that the government has taken many steps to improve the situation in the transportation industry because there is a great dependence by the Americans on the safety, efficiency, and security of their transportation systems involving roads, rails, boats, and aerial methods. The paper states that the government is looking at its collaborations with the private transportation providers and the consultants to promote and conduct research at all levels.
From the Paper "One of the techniques now being regularly talked about and used in the transportation industry is called GIS. This is useful for three separate needs of the industry ? infrastructure management, logistics and fleet management and mass transit management. The utility is for route planning and analysis, vehicle dispatch and emergency response, automatic vehicle location and tracking, transit scheduling and routing, rail system management, accident reporting and analysis, demographic analysis and route restructuring, transportation planning and modeling. The technique increases profitability in the industry through improved fleet management and logistics, infrastructure, mass transit and in the railways. In the case of fleet management, it is becoming more difficult as the organizations are now restructuring their distribution channels and removing the earlier inefficient practices. The transporter now has to adapt to the capabilities of just in time management and increase capacities so that the excess inventories can be stored. This has built up a requirement of better decision making in terms of accuracy and speed. It is more important than ever to know the location of the vehicles, their pick up schedules and delivery schedules at all times. This helps in the better usage of the available assets and a resultant savings in terms of costs. This is where GIS helps the transportation managers, but this does not essentially help in the management of his assets itself. One can say it helps him to utilize his assets more effectively."
This paper discusses the London-Corbin Airport, a small airport serving smaller communities in the southeast region of Kentucky owned by the cities of London and Corbin.
Abstract This paper explains that the London-Corbin airport is open to the public, is on the Cincinnati Sectional Chart, does not have a control tower, but does have a wind indicator and a segmented circle. The author points out that aircraft arriving at London-Corbin Airport are promptly greeted by the lineman on the fuel truck; another pilot-friendly aspect to London-Corbin Airport is there are no landing fees. The paper relates that, in July 2002, London-Corbin Airport received an Airport Improvement Program (AIP) Grant for $50,000 to remove obstructions, install perimeter fencing, and rehabilitate the runway.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Operations
Services Available
Statistics
Data for Reported Operations
Runways
Terminal and Linemen
Communications
Radio Navigation Aids
FAA Information
FAA Standings
General Information
Comparing Airports
Important Visitor
New Business
Improvements
Future of the Airport
Conclusion
Map, Aerial View and Diagram of Airport
From the Paper "The operational data for London-Corbin Airport indicates there are 77 aircraft which are stationed at the field. This figure represents ?58 single engine airplanes, 12 multi engine airplanes, 3 jet airplanes, 2 helicopters, 1 glider airplane, and 1 ultralight. Aircraft operations average 43/day, which is comprised of 40% transient general aviation, 40% local general aviation, 14% air taxi and 6% military."
Abstract This paper examines how remote sensing can be broken down to New World and Old World. It looks at how New World involves aerial photography from artificial satellites and how Old World involves procedures like electromagnetic and resistivity surveying.
From the Paper "The world emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. There are many sources of energy and the most important one is the sun. Satellites mostly portray the land with respect to the electromagnetic spectrum. There can be two types of sensing active and passive sensing. Active sensing involves the satellite to send waveforms that interact with certain parts of the land (including water) and give off different waveforms in the spectrum. The passive sensing involves just reading the waveforms from different sources (like the sun) and portraying them. One advantage of active sensing as opposed to passive is that measurements can be recorded anytime where in passive it has to be done when the naturally occurring energy is available."
