Abstract
This paper concentrates on demonstrating how the treatment of women in advertising during the war period promoted women as being aggressive and capable, yet the close of the war created a greater demand for security and family and women were then encouraged to abandon their war roles and return to the homes. However, despite the portrayal of women in these capacities both during and following the war, it is demonstrated that there was no significant change in women's gender roles during this period and that women were conforming to the expectations that society held for them in both periods.

Abstract
This paper examines advertising and how it impacts women in three ways: body image; sexuality; and consumer spending habits. Specifically, the writer argues that advertising has been - and continues to be - shaped by stereotypical depictions of the two genders, and that women remain faced with a popular media that glorifies unhealthy body images at the same time as it sexualizes women and impresses upon them the sense that they need to dress and act a certain way in order to be "true" women. Finally, the paper looks at how consumer advertising has placed women in a position where they are now expected to consume both like women - and like men.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Advertising and women: Body image
Advertising and Women: Sexuality
Advertising and women: Debt
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Advertising in America and throughout the western world impacts women in many ways - most of them negative. In the pages that follow, the impact of advertising upon women in the realms of body image, sexuality, and consumer impulses will all be discussed, with the general argument being raised that advertisers seize upon female insecurities and self-perceived inadequacies in order to make money - even if the process ends up sparking eating disorders and psychological disorders among young and old females. In the end, women need to appreciate that advertisers are not interested in social welfare but in making money - often by appealing to shop-worn notions about gender roles."

Tags:stereotypical, images, consumer, form

Abstract
This paper explains that the sexual connection is much easier to set up for men than for women because men have minimal criteria for sexual desire, basically a woman's anatomy; thus, young healthy women's bodies easily attract the male view to the advertiser's product. The author points out that the use of sex in advertising to women is much more difficult because women's instinctive sexual reaction is more strongly affected by their intelligence; thus, advertising to women rarely uses sex, but rather the romance approach is applied using stereotypical images such as roses and a doting man. The paper relates that sexuality in advertising is a major area of ethical concern; however, surprisingly little is known about its effects on women and men.

From the Paper
"Sex is the second strongest of the psychological appeals, right behind self-preservation, and its strength is biological and instinctive, the genetic imperative of reproduction.Sexual desire is an instinctive reaction in animals, and a person's perception of a suitable mate is the basis.That perception is usually a set of criteria that the opposite sex must meet, and those that meet and exceed those criteria will provide the chance for the highest quality offspring with the best chance of survival."

Tags:body, romance, ethical, research, perception

Abstract
This essay compares two types of media analysis, semiotic and content, by analyzing twelve perfume ads taken from fashion magazines over a one year period. In this discussion, the hypothesis is that perfume ads focus on the creation of meaning through the combination of defined elements that result in the visual construction of an unreal female image. "

From the Paper
"In Women's Fashion Magazines 2004-2005 While enjoying the guilty pleasure of browsing though magazines, one cannot deny the impulse to pause sometimes and gaze intently at images of the products presented. In fashion magazines in particular, one cannot help but read the intended meaning as it associates to our own selves and even perhaps compare ourselves to the meaning presented. Perfume ads are some of the most evocative ads as a mere bottle cannot often communicate the promised benefit of the product. Therefore in order to communicate to the viewer, meaning is created using images and text."

Tags:semiotic, content, analysis

Abstract
This paper states that the the main purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of women's image in advertisements' contents as depicted in the most widely circulated Arab women magazines in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to identify the effect of such contents in formulating the societal image of women. The study also examines how women feel about the presented image of women in advertising. The author points out that, in the UAE, women not only are gaining ground in workforce participation but also are filling positions once held primarily by men; however, this is not always reflected in ads. The paper indicates that the majority of female students felt that the relationship between the woman's image in published advertisements and society's view towards her is a highly positive one. The paper includes the data generated by the survey and several figures, tables and quotations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Introduction
Need for the Study
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Procedures
Research Hypotheses
Review of Literature
Background and Overview
United Arab Emirates Today
The Impact of Advertisement
The Importance of the Visual Image in Advertisements
The Women's Image in the Visual Advertisements
Depiction of Women in Magazine Advertisements
Methodology
Sample
Instrumentation
Data Collection Procedures
Results
Data Analysis
Discussion and Conclusion
Discussion of Results
Recommendations
Questionnaire

From the Paper
"Arab information media have by and large been established on a weak economic base throughout the Middle East. For example, Arab newspapers were introduced when national incomes and populations were small, and the literacy rates were low; as a result, both advertising revenues and mass-circulation sales (the two primary sources of commercial newspaper income elsewhere), were restricted. Even after World War II, as the Arab economies enjoyed a new level of prosperity, advertising remained sufficiently insignificant to most Arab businessmen, and did not appear to represent a viable avenue of revenue-generation in the modest-circulation press, to enable newspaper publishers to generate many advertisements in the first place."

Tags:post-independence, israel, eating-related, hyper-consumption, content

Abstract
This paper looks at the stereotypical roles depicted by advertising, particularly focusing on the portrayal of women, but also looking at advertisers' general use of American values, norms, and institutions to influence the consumer.

From the Paper
"The oppression of females in advertising in our society is a complex collection of institutions, status, roles, values, and norms, and the best way to understand and learn about them is through the use of cultural artifacts. These can be anything from music to art to literature, or as in the example of this discussion, the modern day creation of advertisement in mass media. As Homo Sapiens moved from the hunter - gatherer way of life to industrial society, it was necessary to construct a framework for living so that such a concentrated number of people could exist together. This framework has come to consist of a myriad of expectations based on values and norms in the form of roles status and institutions. Desirable behavior is sought by people throughout the country based on how one is brought up and the expectations one is bombarded with on a daily basis. These expectations are reflected in every part of our culture and are used by people so as to know how to act in any given situation. The main examples are the family, education, health and medicine, religion, and the law."

Tags:advertising, women, ad, media, values

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to consider whether the huge expenditures that were spent on advertising had a causal connection to women's increased social status and sexuality. This paper finds that there was very little by way of causal connection; the political events that led to the social status, and to heightened awareness of sexuality, came earlier.

From the Paper
"The years after the close of World War one saw a series of remarkable changes in the United States. Two changes that warrant consideration are the tremendous increase in the use of advertising in various media, and the emergence of women as a political class into much greater prominence than they have had during earlier periods. That advertising did experience a major increase during this period cannot be doubted. The advertising industry was one of the foremost beneficiaries..."

Tags:advertising, women, cause

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of recent literature on the negative impact on women and young girls from alcoholic beverage advertisements in magazines and on the Internet. The analysis also includes strategies of alcoholic beverage advertisers that target women and young girls, including underage drinkers.

From the Paper
"The alcoholic beverages industry spends billions annually on advertising. In contrast, the treatment of alcohol-related conditions in U.S. society amounts to more than billions annually. Trends in alcohol advertising over the past decade include increased targeting of women and underage drinkers in advertising in magazines and on the Internet. According to the results of a study by Austin and Hust; One in every six magazine alcohol ads and one of..."

Tags:media, government, health, binge drinking, unprotected sex, self-image, adolescents, activism, advertisements, women

Abstract
This paper takes a view at the role of the mass media and advertising in furthering the stereotypes of African-American women. It compares the general role of stereotypes in advertising in a historical context to that of present day stereotyping. It also examines the role advertising has on the public in self-propagating the stereotypes.

From the Paper:

"Women might find themselves attracted to one shade of coral lipstick rather then another. But on a deeper level, advertisements present to us a world in which we must always be conscious of being looked at, of having to abrogate who it is that we ourselves think that we are for who it is that we should be as we have been told by society/people who create the images in ads. Thus if for look at the way in which African-American women are portrayed in ads and copy of women's magazines (as well as the ways which they are made invisible) from 1950 to the present we see a number of ways in which definitions of female beauty are limited in such a way as to preclude African-American women."

Tags:advertising, race, social, image

Abstract
This paper discusses how the differences between the advertising of the 1920s and today are substantial. The advertising of that time was less sophisticated. Products were sold based on their perceived values and usefulness, not simply on sex appeal. The paper further discusses that it is not to say that sex appeal was ignored; products aimed at women often advertised how appealing they would make women feel, or how they would make women appear to men. Coca-Cola and Palmolive soap are products that demonstrate the changes that have taken place in advertising, both in the purpose of advertising and the images associated with it.

From the Paper
"The decade of the 1920s was an era of rapid change. Women scandalized their men as their hemlines rose steadily, reaching the mid-20s "flapper" styles; makeup became popular; and their hairstyles got shorter. Men's fashions became more conservative and geared toward the comfort of the wearer. "Convenience" became the watchword of the day, whether related to clothing, chores, travel, or communication. Almost overnight, the world became a different place, in large part thanks to advertising. Cultural Overview The world was a rapidly changing place in the decade of the "Roaring Twenties." This decade came on the heels of the Progressive Era, which had run out of steam by the beginning of that decade (Miller, 2003, p. 13). "

Tags:advertising, 1920, marketing