An examination of the relationship between anxiety disorders & substance abuse and whether substance abuse can be viewed as a product of anxiety disorders.
Abstract The paper questions whether there is any evidence that increased levels of anxiety result in a higher incidence of substance abuse. People who are very anxious may consume larger quantities of alcohol, smoke more heavily or resort to drugs as a way of self medication in treating an anxiety disorder. The paper relates that the higher the levels of self-reported anxiety,the more difficult it is to complete a treatment program, with the possibility that the person will return to the disorder of abuse on completing the program. The paper continues and discusses subtle affinities of anxiety disorders with that of substance abuse, by indicating that there are minor differences between the amount of abuse by alcoholics who have anxiety disorders, and those that do not. This indicates that anxiety disorders are an independent factor in the study of substance abuse.
From the Paper "However, trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with negative substance abuse consequences, i.e., relapses even after treatment. Trait anxiety levels were also negatively correlated with the number of days an individual spent in treatment. In other words, the more anxiety problems that an individual experienced, the more likely it was that they would be substance abusers and the longer it would take for that individual to successfully complete the treatment program. Additionally, both state and trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with the level of addiction that the individual expressed, as measured and documented by the researchers (O'Leary et al., 2000). The implication of this finding is obvious: the higher the level of anxiety that an individual experience--in other words, the greater the possibility of an anxiety disorder--the more likely it would be for that individual to have a greater substance abuse problem."
Abstract This paper examines how anxiety is a recognized psychological condition that can have corresponding physical and emotional side effects. It looks at how in individuals susceptible to anxiety, including its manifestation in its extreme form of anxiety attacks, the impact of anxiety can have serious corresponding stress and lead to detrimental quality-of-life. This paper offers a study guide to a dissertation on anxiety.
From the Paper "Anxiety is a recognized psychological condition that can have corresponding physical and emotional side effects. In individuals susceptible to anxiety, including its manifestation in its extreme form of anxiety attacks, the impact of anxiety can have serious corresponding stress and lead to detrimental quality-of-life. Strategies for reducing anxiety are frequently recommended by mental health professionals, but testing for the effectiveness of these strategies is frequently ignored in the clinical research. In order to identify whether self-meditative anxiety relief strategies are effective, a qualitative case study is proposed to determine whether academic anxiety can be reduced or eliminated through this particular form of anxiety relief. "
Abstract In this article, the effects of anxiety in the workplace are examined. The writer discusses how anxiety and stress affect organizational communication. The writer looks at the management responses to stress and the importance of recognizing real and current sources of anxiety. Further, the writer discusses the impact of 9/11 on employee anxiety.
From the Paper "Whatever else the events of September 11 were they were also and specifically an assault on and destruction of the environment of the everyday workplace. In the system of capitalist economic organization, holding a job is among the most fundamental of experiences for members of society and within any organization involved in that system the demands of most forms of employment are undoubtedly compelling enough for most people, without the added element of physical danger deliberately imposed from the outside. The event heralded dramatic and irrevocable change that was plainly ... "
Abstract This well-researched paper examines the rising numbers of people diagnosed with various forms of generalized anxiety disorders. According to the National Institute of Mental Health generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) are one of the most common mental illnesses in the U.S. with more than 23 million people diagnosed each year. This paper details various varieties of anxiety disorders which fall under the heading of GAD, including: Panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder. This paper details the causes and symptoms of GAD as well as the available effective treatments which include: medication, specific forms of psychotherapy known as behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, or a combination of medication and non-medication therapies. This paper also cites the results of a specific case study which ascertained the relative value of medication combined with traditional group therapy versus cognitive therapies alone in treating GAD.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Procedure/Method
Review of the Literature
Summary
References
From the Paper "To ascertain the relative value of medication combined with traditional group therapy vs. cognitive therapies alone in treating generalized anxiety disorder, two groups of young to middle-aged groups were initiated. Each group began with four members, drawn from clients of an Employee Assistance Program; all had developed generalized anxiety disorder after being transferred or otherwise coming under the supervision of various types of ineffective, antisocial, overbearing or micromanaging bosses. All of the participants were looking for other employment, but all had to cope with the situation as is in the meantime; with a soft job market, none expected to be able to wait it out without help and also, many had expressed a need to overcome the anxiety to make the job search possible."
This paper analyzes and examines anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder, including treatments available and recommendations for improving the awareness of these disorders.
Abstract Anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder are two of the most devastating psychological illnesses. Providing a concise and detailed overview of the various types of anxiety disorders and the different stages of bipolar disorder, as well as a discussion of treatment options, the author argues that while improvements have been made to the treatment and understanding of these illnesses, further improvements are necessary, including the integration of drug therapy and psychotherapy.
From the Paper "Despite the increasing awareness, education, knowledge, treatment, and understanding of psychological disorders, there is still no clear-cut, quick fix, and uniform method available to diagnose and/or eliminate (or at least reduce) mental illnesses and psychological disorders. Anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder are two of the most common mental illnesses that prevent an individual from functioning normally. While most individuals may arguably prefer to remain ignorant of the existence of anxiety disorders and/or bipolar disorder, the fact is that more than 23 million individuals suffer from anxiety disorders (Harvard, 1) while more than 3 million individuals suffer from bipolar disorder (Hollandsworth)."
Abstract This paper looks at the Gestalt theory, pioneered by Max Wertheimer in 1924, which attempts to examines the underlying causes of things by going back to the basic principles of science instead of just looking at something on its surface. In particular, it analyzes how it may be helpful in treating patients who have been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder or some other form of social phobia or antisocial behavior. It attempts to explain the both the theory and the disorder and then tie them together in order to clearly understand how the theory can be used in the modification of behavior in individuals with social anxiety and how many individuals can be helped and freed from the self-imposed prison that their disorder has created.
From the Paper "Those therapists who use Gestalt theory in the modern day often feel that it is very helpful in treating all kinds of anxiety and depression. Naturally, it is not the only therapy that is used, as existential, psychoanalytic, and behavioral therapies, among others, are also popular with anxiety and depression troubled individuals. It is, however, one of the leading therapies used for aging patients who have difficulty coping with the losses that often come with living a long time such as poor health, the death of a spouse, or unexpected parenting of grandchildren (Solomon, 1996). It is also popular with many other age groups and many different types of anxiety, including social anxiety."
Abstract From time to time, everyone feels a little anxious when they need to talk in front of people. However, some people are so anxious that it hinders them greatly. A person sits in front of the telephone and agonizes because she's afraid to pick up the receiver and make a call, a man finds it difficult to walk down the street because he is self-conscious and feels that people are watching from their windows. By explaining what social anxiety is, where it possibly comes from, and how we can treat it, this paper presents a better understanding of the people who are shy and why they act the way they act.
From the Paper "Shy people, particularly if they are interacting with a socially confident person, anxiously focus on themselves rather on the person or the conversation. The outcome of this is that they usually forget what they were talking about. Shy individuals report more negative thoughts about themselves in social interactions, seeing themselves as inhibited, awkward, unfriendly and incompetent, particularly with people whom they are sexually attracted to. Ten to twenty percent of shy individuals may also lack basic social skills. This may mean that they don?t know what to say or do, how to do so, and when best to respond. Ratings have shown that some shy individuals talk less, initiate fewer topics of conversation, touch themselves nervously and show fewer facial expressions."
Tags:anxiety, disorder, focus, phobia, self, shyness, social
Abstract This paper presents Sigmund Freud's views on overeating due to anxiety. The paper reviews Freud's concepts of the ego, id, superego and the unconscious and applies them to this situation. The paper also considers Freud's theories on the role of the libido.
Abstract This paper focuses on the issue of college students who drink, suffer from social phobia or from a social anxiety disorder. The paper attempts to determine the percentage of students suffer from social phobia and that routinely drink heavily at social functions, in order to possibly provide intervention programs for these students.
Abstract This essay examines the importance of advertising in today's society and analyses the representation of gender, race and class in today's advertising. The essay argues that gender and racial inequality and stereotyping are very much present in today's advertising and furthermore that this serves advertising needs. It also argues that advertising, combined with technology is a powerful tool in maintaining consumerist culture and that many corporations depend heavily on advertising for profit. Advertising is sophisticated, very well thought through and everywhere. It directly impacts our choices and often mirrors society.
Abstract The paper begins with a history of advertising over the internet and with looking at how advertisers turned to web advertisement. Next the paper discusses types of advertisements and their various features. Following this, the paper looks at current trends and estimated growth of the market. The disadvantages of this method of advertising are listed and options for the future are explored. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the effectiveness of web advertising.
From the Paper "The whole history of Internet advertising started in the middle of 1990s when the Internet was first functioning and commercially launched as the part of technological contribution to worldwide communication.
In a very short time, this issue had changed everything in the world, and made a big revolution to the traditional media-based marketing approaches. Big capital companies soon turned their heads to examine this newly born marketing trend, along with giant fund allocation for market researches and the future growth."
Abstract This paper discusses how the differences between the advertising of the 1920s and today are substantial. The advertising of that time was less sophisticated. Products were sold based on their perceived values and usefulness, not simply on sex appeal. The paper further discusses that it is not to say that sex appeal was ignored; products aimed at women often advertised how appealing they would make women feel, or how they would make women appear to men. Coca-Cola and Palmolive soap are products that demonstrate the changes that have taken place in advertising, both in the purpose of advertising and the images associated with it.
From the Paper "The decade of the 1920s was an era of rapid change. Women scandalized their men as their hemlines rose steadily, reaching the mid-20s "flapper" styles; makeup became popular; and their hairstyles got shorter. Men's fashions became more conservative and geared toward the comfort of the wearer. "Convenience" became the watchword of the day, whether related to clothing, chores, travel, or communication. Almost overnight, the world became a different place, in large part thanks to advertising. Cultural Overview The world was a rapidly changing place in the decade of the "Roaring Twenties." This decade came on the heels of the Progressive Era, which had run out of steam by the beginning of that decade (Miller, 2003, p. 13). "
This paper reviews and analyzes the article "Sex, Lies & Advertising" written by author and feminist Gloria Steinem which focuses on the impact of advertisers in the media.
Abstract This paper discusses Steinem's article in which the author and feminist gives a detailed account of how advertising dollars dictate the ads as well as the editorial content in "Ms. Magazine." This paper discusses the actions taken by advertisers such as Revlon and Clairol when their demands regarding editorial content aimed at promoting their products were not met. One example in Steinem's article cited that Clairol withdrew its advertising support after "Ms. Magazine" published an article on the hazards of carcinogens in hair dyes. This paper analyzes how diversity in the field of advertising is seen as a direct threat to reaching a primarily white audience. This paper also examines Steinem's regret in using her publication to sell products that may not be in the best interest of women by citing the financial necessity in doing so.
From the Paper "Does consumer power really drive what types of ads are run in magazines? According to Steinem, this is not necessarily the case. Although her magazine had presented ample evidence to advertisers that women are decision makers in purchases involving automobiles, consumer electronics such as sound equipment, VCS, and computers and office equipment, the publication had a really hard time obtaining advertisements for these types of products. One of the reasons given is that the advertising industry lags consumer reality. Where women may once have turned to their significant others to help them make their decisions, they now increasingly rely on their own judgment. But, the old perceptions remain ingrained in advertising executives. And, Stinem states that acceptance of products by women is viewed as a threat to the perceptions of the products by males."
Tags: women, advertising, media, ms., magazine, feminism, ethics, finance, business
Abstract This essay looks at advertising and the way race and gender are represented in today's ads. The essay argues that gender and racial inequality and stereotyping are very much present in advertising today and that this furthermore serves the advertising needs. The essay also looks at how advertising directly influences what we see in the media and how advertisers only goal is profit making which is best served by the consumerist culture we live in today.
From the Paper "Advertising is very important in today's society and have been for over 30 years, if only simply because it cannot be avoided. Ads are a major part of mass media and the mass media has a great advantage of being able to reach a large number of people in a very short time. In large industrial societies media takes on a mass scale so that television, radio, newspapers, magazines and now the Internet link tens of millions of people, and influence the way they think and spend their time and money."
Abstract The paper looks at modern advertising and how it conveys various messages which motivate and act as stimuli for consumers to patronize a certain product or service that is out in the market. It analyzes how advertisements can dictate how society should live, what to buy, which product or service is more beneficial and when is the right time to purchase a product. The paper discusses how contemporary advertisements are a powerful means of influencing the lifestyle, awareness and moral fiber of modern society. The paper further examines how advertisement is a very useful tool in marketing a variety of products or services and also in communicating messages and motivating viewers.
From the Paper "Advertising agencies all over the globe are always in search for new ideas and innovative concepts in order to push a product towards a specific market. Advertisements target viewers by classifying the strong selling point of the product. On this same foundation, advertisements are set to promote the said product by identifying their target market. Upon classification of the product and identifying its market, advertising agencies use several techniques and resources of different forms and then later apply them to the concept of their advertisement."
