Abstract
The paper explains how adversarial legalism leads to unnecessary civil suits and is costing all Americans billions in taxes. The paper presents the argument that by restructuring our courts to model a more hierarchical system, such as bureaucratic legalism, we can prevent our nation from wastefully spending valuable resources and time on unnecessary claims and improve the efficiency of our courts. The paper notes the challenges with creating an entirely new formal legal system, but still maintains that a switch to bureaucratic legalism will be economically and socially beneficial to the United States.

From the Paper
"Adversarial Legalism continues to be the preferred method of litigation for most Americans because of its accessibility, but because of the considerable amount of inefficiency associated with it, a new legal system should be considered. In simple terms, Adversarial Legalism is a core set of values that the U.S. courts are structured upon. These values, (hereinafter American Creed) are based loosely on our constitution and stress the importance of liberty and freedom from our government. Though over the last 60 years, this theory has contributed to many societal problems due to the way our courts are inherently structured. Professor of Political Science, Alan Tarr, explains how the rules regarding litigation "have changed dramatically since the 1950's," and "transformed the standards for determining liability, abolished long-standing immunities from suits, and reduced or eliminated many other barriers that plaintiffs face in recovering damages for injuries they have suffered" ("Judicial" 321). Though these decreased standards are byproducts our American Creed, the country also has a contracted obligation within the courts to seek the truth and justice, but things like frivolous cases, tort law, and the increase of judicial costs have counteracted these responsibilities."

Tags:lawsuits, lawyers, bureaucratic, legalism, activism, compensation

Abstract
No issue conjures up more emotions than the animal rights debate. As one expert explains, advocates of animal rights seem to think that their adversaries are selfish, unthinking, cruel, and even morally blind while those who oppose animal rights appear to think that "the advocates are fanatical and even bizarre, willing to trample on important human interests for the sake of rats and mice and salmon" (Sunstein and Nussbaum 4). In light of this interesting debate, the following discussion examines the morality of zoos. Specifically, the current study presents the argument that zoos are moral provided that animals are treated with proper care and kindness.

From the Paper
THE MORALITY OF ZOOS Introduction No issue conjures up more emotions than the animal rights debate. As one expert explains, advocates of animal rights seem to think that their adversaries are selfish, unthinking, cruel, and even morally blind while those who oppose animal rights appear to think that "the advocates are fanatical and even bizarre, willing to trample on important human interests for the sake of rats and mice and salmon" (Sunstein and Nussbaum 4). In light of this interesting debate, the following discussion examines the morality of zoos. Specifically, the current study presents the

Tags:ethics, animal rights, morality zoos

Abstract
The following paper examines some of the reasons that have caused a new breed of enemies of the United States to turn into the most dangerous and formidable forces in the world today. After careful examination of the reasons that turned Saddam, Osama and their followers into the most dangerous and greatest adversaries of the United States, the author contends that without appropriate funding, strong support base and inefficient planning, these enemies would have never been able to pose such a huge threat to America and its citizens.

From the Paper
"There has been a sharp rise in the enemies of our country since past few decades and this is somehow related to not only the fact that United States is one of the most powerful and influential countries in the world but also because to bad foreign policy and poor international relations. First it was the former USSR that turned into a major enemy and the two countries remained in the state of Cold war for several years. But with the death of socialism and disintegration of Russia, United States felt it could heave a sigh of relief, as its biggest enemy was no longer a strong force. But unfortunately, this relief did not last very long."

Tags:funding, sources, access, weapons, mass, destruction, terrorist, activities, rising, prime, victim, root, causes, anti-social

Abstract
This paper looks at the hero detectives Sherlock Holmes and considers if there is a possibility he suffered from an obsessive disorder problem. It also discusses the Holmes' stories and certain aspects of his adversaries. Also examined is the story "The Hound of the Baskervilles" with a discussion on the setting of the actual scene within the novel and how the literature and atmosphere of the time along with the views and ideals of those reading the novel are affected by the atmosphere and descriptions of the authors? words. Also discussed are the "Stories of the Sussex Vampyre" and the "Final Problem".

From the Paper
"Sherlock Holmes is known through out the world as the model private detective, or as he is described a consulting detective since the first pages of a Study in Scarlet were published in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887. Arthur Conan Doyle the creator of Britian's Master Sleuth wrote sixty original stories on Holmes' adventures, of these sixty, fifty six were short stories and four were full
To many Sherlock Holmes is the key man in any adventure story as he battles the menaces of evil using his superpowers that are purely based on his own observances and deductions, Holmes' methods can be learned by any person with a mind to open his eyes and use all of his senses rather than just what he thinks he sees."

Tags:detective, hero, moriarty, watson, murder, england

Abstract
In the past, America has always had to choose between China and Japan. Before the Second World War the United States had friendly relations with China and Japan was the adversary, and after Japan was defeated in the war and nationalist China was defeated by Mao and his communist revolutionaries, the United States and Japan became allies. But this historical pattern of alternating adversaries does not have to be repeated in the 21st century, for the United States, China, and Japan can interact politically and economically in ways that will be beneficial to all three countries. The question requiring examination and analysis is whether the United States, China, and Japan will interact politically and economically for their mutual benefit.

From the Paper
The United States, China, and Japan: An Analysis In the past, America has always had to choose between China and Japan. Before the Second World War the United States had friendly relations with China and Japan was the adversary, and after Japan was defeated in the war and nationalist China was defeated by Mao and his communist revolutionaries, the United States and Japan became allies. But this historical pattern of alternating adversaries does not have to be repeated in the 21^st century, for the United States, China, and Japan can interact

Tags:china, japan, u.s.

Abstract
This paper traces the build-up of tension that has led to the current conflict between China and Taiwan. The writer claims that after the first presidential elections in Taiwan, China issued a report warning that any indication of action towards independence or even delay in negotiations toward reunification, could lead to a military reaction. The paper traces the conflict that ensued and attempts at reconciliation.

From the Paper
"While China has been adding to its arsenal, there had been no indication of widespread military spending or increases, probably due to the fact that China is concentrating on maintaining her economic growth. Deng Xiaoping's strategy is to strengthen the country through economic development by encouraging investment and infrastructure improvements. Still spending about a tenth of what the U.S. spends, or less than 2 percent of the gross domestic product, China's policies are widely divergent from the Soviet union's spending 20 percent of its gross domestic product on its military at the height of the cold war."

Tags:military, aggression, tension, democracy, Asia

Abstract
This paper analyzes excerpts of the 2008 presidential nomination acceptance speeches of John McCain and Barack Obama. The particular sections were chosen because of their context to the War on Terror.

From the Paper
"This paper analyzes excerpts of the 2008 presidential nomination acceptance speeches of John McCain and Barack Obama. The particular sections were chosen because of their context to the War on Terror. Linguistic analysis reveals that the speeches of both candidates actually..."

Tags:political, speech, analysis

Abstract
Nuclear arms guarantees are indispensable to world peace, for they provide the most effective means of addressing the increasing threat posed by nuclear proliferation. Unfortunately, such guarantees have rarely been extended to adversary nations by the United States or its allies, which have pursued flawed strategies such as regime change, preemptive war, economic sanctions and diplomatic isolation in the hope of preventing non-nuclear nations from acquiring nuclear weapons.

From the Paper
Are Nuclear Arms Guarantees Indispensable To World Peace? Nuclear arms guarantees are indispensable to world peace, for they provide the most effective means of addressing the increasing threat posed by nuclear proliferation. Unfortunately, such guarantees have rarely been extended to adversary nations by the United States or its allies, which have pursued flawed strategies such as regime change, preemptive war, economic sanctions and diplomatic isolation in the hope of preventing non-nuclear nations from acquiring nuclear weapons.

Tags:nuclear, security, guarantees

Abstract
This paper explains that "Greed and Glory on Wall Street," an excellent documentary about Lehman Brothers covering the period from July 1983 to April 1984 with the firm's takeover by Shearson/American Express, is a stimulating political story about two adversaries fighting for glory and money and bringing the company to failure in the end. The author points out that this book clarifies key business issues and some of the economic mechanisms, which were behind financial transactions on Wall Street during the 80s. The paper relates that Lehman Brothers, one of the most important and oldest banks in the United States, initially, was renowned for its conservatory actions, but 'greed' seriously began to take over during the 1980s, and the company started to speculate on Wall Street, going into leveraged buy-outs and junk bonds.

From the Paper
"The main idea from the course as it appears in the book is related to bonds. As we know from the textbook, bonds are generally used in order to raise capital. Previous to the 80s, bonds were generally rated according to the company's reputability and companies which were known to have difficulties in making payments were listed as junk companies, with bonds that were generally never purchased and which did not help the respective companies from entering bankruptcy."

Tags:peterson, bond, leverage, greed, adversaries

Abstract
This study takes a look at the Islamic group Al Qaeda and provides an overview of its organizational and developmental history. Additionally, the group's base and location of operations and its financing and support sources are reviewed, as well as an analysis of Al Qaeda's motivations, ideology and purpose. A list of Al Qaeda's adversaries and enemies and a description of locations and tactics used in its attacks is also provided. In addition, a review of countermeasures that have been shown to be effective against Al Qaeda is also presented, followed by an analysis of the projected future for the group. Furthermore, the paper discusses potential security management solutions and countermeasures that could be deployed against these projected future threats. This discussion is then followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion. This paper includes pictures and tables.

Outline:
Abstract
Al Qaeda: Current and Future Trends
Review and Discussion
Name of the Organization and "Type" of Terrorist Group.
Organizational and Developmental History.
Base or Sanctuary; and Location of Operations.
Financing/Support Sources.
Motivations, Ideology and Purpose.
Adversaries/Enemies.
Location of Attacks and Tactics Employed.
Countermeasures or Anti-terrorist Options/Strategies That Have Been Successful
Projected Future.
Security Management Solutions and Countermeasures.
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"There has been some progress in the war on terrorism since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and countering the threat represented by al Qaeda. For example, the removal of the Taliban government in Afghanistan served to eliminate al Qaeda's sanctuary and training camps and destroyed an important connection in the process that once provided al Qaeda's leadership with a continuing stream of new recruits. Unfortunately, continues to face a serious threat as the organization's leadership rebounds from setback after setback to reemerge in yet another region of the world to threaten U.S. interests at home and abroad. In this environment, identifying current and future trends for this organization represents a timely and important enterprise, and these issues are the focus of this study."

Tags:terrorism religion funding, war against terrorism