Abstract
The writer focuses this research on the fact that adult males between the ages of 18-35 in inner city areas of the United States appear to be at a greater risk for heart disease than their male counterparts in other areas of the country such as those living in areas bordering the cities such as suburban areas and rural communities. This paper investigates the multiple factors that influence the heart health and well-being of adult males aged 18-35 in low-income inner-city areas of the United States. This article further researches and explores stated health statistics and influencing social factors. Finally, the writer makes recommendations as to the alleviation of the heart disease in adult males aged 18-35.

From the Paper
"Heart disease is stated to have caused 3.4% of death in males ages 15-19, 3.6% in males ages 20-24; 7.9% in males ages 25-34; 15.2% in males ages 35-44. 3.2 male adults ages 15.24 per 100,000 population die each year from heart disease as compared to 2.1 percent for females. 9.6 percent of male adults ages 25-34 per 100,000 population die each year from heart disease as compared to 5.2% of females. Risk factors in heart disease are stated to include: age, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, family history of early heart disease, diabetes, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, apple-shaped body, high blood homocysteine, atherosclerosis. The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of angina in women age 20 and older were 3.5 percent for non-Hispanic white women, 4.7 percent for non-Hispanic black women and 2.2 percent for Mexican-American women. Rates for men in these three groups were 4.5, 3.1 and 2.4 percent, respectively. Among American adults age 20 and older, the estimated age-adjusted prevalence of coronary heart disease for non-Hispanic whites is 8.9 percent for men and 5.4 percent for women; for non-Hispanic blacks, 7.4 percent for men and 7.5 percent for women; and for Mexican-Americans, 5.6 percent for men and 4.3 percent for women."

Tags:health, risk, blood, pressure, cholesterol

Abstract
This paper examines erectile dysfunction in the older adult. It describes possible causes, treatment, and prevention. The paper presents the various medicines available for treatment of this problem and discusses their effectiveness. The paper provides great detail about the body and the possible causes of the dysfunction. This paper takes the reader through treatment options, such as medicines, exercise, and physical therapy.

From the Paper
"Erectile dysfunction is commonly labeled as an age related condition in males. The disorder affects a man's ability to achieve or maintain an erection at least 25% of his attempts. Until recently men and their physicians did not discuss problems such as Erectile Dysfunction as openly as they do today. Men often experience embarrassment and a loss of confidence when struggling with ED. This emotional stress can lead to prolonged effects of the disorder leaving them in a cycle. Many diseases have now been linked to ED including heart disease, diabetes, and prostate cancer. Research is being done to dissect the physiological causes of ED including Nitric Oxide deficiency and poor circulation. New medications such as Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra), and Tadalafil (Cialis) have surfaced making treatment more accessible as well as more effective. Research and surveys are being done on chemical treatments, increased education, and the effects of new medications. Other interventions are used such as surgery and vacuum devices but the recent medications have had the most success (Well-Connected, 2002)."

Tags:gerontology, health, issues, medical

Abstract
This paper studies the role age plays in the development of humans, focusing on the adult years. The author discusses how development can be effected by biological, cognitive, psychological and spiritual changes. Each of these is interlinked and a change in one field causes changes in all others. This paper sheds light in the ways aging and adult development would affect men and women falling into various age ranges.

Table of Contents:
Adult Development Case Study Analysis: Profiles of Adult Development
The Middle and Later Years
Woman: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Woman: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Woman: Age Eighty and Above
Man: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Man: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Man: Age Eighty and Above
Adult Development: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Adult Development: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Adult Development: Age Eighty and Above

From the Paper
"As mentioned earlier, the age forty marks the point where the peak abilities have passed, including cognitive abilities, "for perceptual speed and numerical ability, performance peaks before midlife and declines through midlife and into old age" (Martin and Zimprich, 2005).
However, this age also requires participation in activities requiring high cognitive abilities, "midlife might be characterized by cognitively demanding activities and relatively high levels of cognitive performance" (Martin and Zimprich, 2005). Although individual environment affect the cognitive development in all stages of life, the play a particular in midlife, "in middle adulthood, after having reached a high level, cognitive performance will be shaped strongly by individual environments" (see Sternberg et al., 2001). As cited by Martin for the Seattle Longitudinal Study, "The data suggest that for inductive reasoning, vocabulary, verbal memory, and spatial orientation, the average performance peaks occur in the ages from the early 40s to 60s, with fluid intelligence abilities showing earlier declines than crystallized abilities" (Schaie, 1996)."

Tags:age, male, female, growth

Abstract
This paper explains that Ima Mmuo, also called the "Male Initiation Rite", is a coming of age ceremony to celebration the recognition and the assuming of responsibilities of an Igbo youth as an adult member of the community. Next, the author details why and how the Ima Mmuo is done. The paper describes the Christian "New Birth" and reviews the disparities and parallels between this concept and the Ima Mmuo initiation. The paper includes a chart and footnotes.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Ima Mmuo What Is It?
Ima Mmuo Why Is It Done?
Ima Mmuo How Is It Done?
Pre-Understanding
Requirements for This Initiation
Few Hours before Initiation
The Initiation Proper
After Initiation
An Analogy of "Ima Mmuo" Initiation and the Christian New Birth
Disparities
Parallels
Consciousness
Initiation
Age
Valor
Gathering
Obliteration
Illumination
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The interested novice(s) has to start this process by communicating their interest to some members of the cult, who eventually will direct them to the "Nne Mmuo" (mother of the spirit), who is often not literary known or seen but represented by an "Okenye" (elder) who is known to everybody. The registration is done at the Nne Mmuo's house via Okenye's endorsement. And for this registration to kick-off, the aspiring member(s) is/are required to provide the following for the initiation ritual: Four/five bottles of beer (or the money equivalent),
seven kola nuts, acertain quantity of breadfruit, one coconut, ..."

Tags:valor, bar mitzvah, cubhood consciousness gathering

Abstract
This paper researches the finding that adolescent males are increasingly at-risk and that the consequences of leaving these boys without treatment range from academic problems all the way to suicide and mass-murder. Furthermore, much of these problems appear to be linked to the absence of father figures and other male role models in the lives of these boys. Therefore, this paper investigates whether using males as the interveners in at-risk intervention strategies is more beneficial than using females. The paper looks at gender differences in therapy, from the standpoint of the patient and the provider. The paper also investigates the differences between treating adults and treating children, and how a therapist can best approach an adolescent patient. In addition, the paper looks at existing intervention strategies, to determine whether gender has an impact on the success of those strategies. After reviewing the literature, the author suggests that a two-tiered, gender-based intervention strategy offers the best plan for success in at-risk interventions.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Background of Study
Problem Statement
Purpose Statement
Significance of Review
Research Design, Strategy, and Procedure
Literature Review
Findings and Discussion
Results
Analysis
Interpretation
Clinical Implications and Recommendations for Future Research

From the Paper
"Initially, the author believed that the literature would be sufficient to provide a quantitative analysis of success rates, based on the gender of the therapist. However, the problem with defining therapeutic success has already been explained. In addition, there is another issue that prevents such a quantitative analysis; there is such a wide-variety of interventions, that it is almost impossible to quantitatively compare them. Furthermore, some of the available literature looks at different intervention methods, and fails to address the gender of the service providers involved. Therefore, this study takes a qualitative approach to gender differences and intervention success. The study looks at what works, when it works, who it works with, why it works, and how it could work better.
"In order to understand the relationship between gender and therapeutic success, this study looks at several related issues. First, the study investigates males and their role as clients in therapy. The role of the client in therapy is largely ignored in a research context, but may be the single most important variable when attempting to predict the success or failure of a therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this study looks at the male client and his approach to therapy."

Tags:adolescent, consequences, treatment, strategy, approaches, gender

Abstract
The paper discusses how the incidence of stuttering is low and usually resolves itself by the time an individual reaches adulthood. The paper relates that five times as many men as women stutter, a factor that has led some researchers to conclude that there is a powerful cultural element at play. The paper shows that while stuttering cannot be cured in the traditional sense, adult stutterers today can obtain formal fluency training assistance and can make the fundamental changes in thinking that may have contributed to the onset of the problem from the outset.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Stuttering, or dysphemia (the term is seldom used) (Wingate, 1997), is a speech defect that affects both the fluency and rhythm of speech; the condition is characterized by involuntary repetition of sounds or syllables and the intermittent blocking or prolongation of sounds, syllables, and words (Gibbons & Sims, 2006). There appears to be some type of anticipatory element involved in stuttering, with adult stutterers being able to accurately predict 95 percent of the words over which they will stutter in reading aloud a given passage before doing so; this factor has led some researchers to believe that when adult stutterers anticipate having problems with certain words, it acts like a self-fulfilling prophecy that actually produces the stuttering (Gibbons & Sims, 2006)."

Tags:speech, fluency, training, thinking

From the Paper
"A research study is proposed to assess the appropriateness of cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia. The purpose of the proposed study will be to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of adult male patients.

Schizophrenia has been studied exhaustively, and many research findings either are inconsistent or conflict with other findings. Schizophrenia traditionally has been The treated through a combination of drug therapy and rehabilitation. The level of emphasis between drug therapy and rehabilitation in the treatment of ..."

Abstract
This imaginary speech, set by the author in 1940, is a defense of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. The author presents a history of the New Deal including Social Security and the Federal Emergency Relief Fund. Our speaker concludes "Gentlemen, I think we'd all sleep a little easier tonight, and every night, knowing that FDR's social welfare plan is out there ready to catch us if we fall."

From the Paper
"Yes, those were very hard times, and I know you all remember them. But we survived. We survived because we helped put one of our own, one of New York's finest men in the White House. And FDR made a New Deal."

"But again, thanks to FDR and Harry Hopkins and the $500 million dollars they put into the Federal Emergency Relief Fund, Sally was able to take care of her kids and get her teaching certificate. Now she's teaching your kids reading, writing and arithmetic in the school down the street, which, by the way, was built two years ago with money allocated by FDR's New Plan."

Tags:welfare, social, security, federal, emergency, relief, fund, civilian, conservation, corps, roads, natural, resources, federal, projects, hopkins

Abstract
In the essay that provides the starting point for an invigorating exchange of ideas, the author proposes that all adult members of society should be guaranteed a basic subsistence income, arguing that such a policy would promote real freedom and solve societal dilemmas like endemic poverty and unemployment. The author is convinced that once citizens feel assured of their basic survival, they will apply themselves according to their true capacities and interests, better serving society as a whole.

Abstract
The paper explains that male circumcision refers to the removal of some of the foreskin from the human penis. The paper discusses how this is often done as a religious rite, sometimes shortly after birth, and sometimes around adolescence, as a rite of passage into adulthood, while in more recent years, it has sometimes been done by adult males for a variety of reasons, including health and sexual reasons. The paper notes that more recently, some have speculated that circumcision helps to prevent HIV infection, and this has led to an increase in circumcisions. In this paper, the pros and cons of circumcision are evaluated, and the position is adopted that this is a personal choice that should be left to individuals to make, once they are adults.

From the Paper
"Male circumcision refers to the removal of some of the foreskin from the human penis. This is often done as a religious rite, sometimes shortly after birth, and sometimes around adolescence, as a rite of passage into adulthood. In more recent years, it has sometimes been done by adult males for a variety of reasons, including health and sexual reasons. More recently, some have speculated that circumcision helps to prevent HIV infection, and this has led to an increase in circumcisions. In this paper the pros and cons of circumcision are evaluated, and the position adopted that this is a personal choice that should be left to individuals to make,..."

Tags:circumcision, health, satisfaction