Abstract
This paper examines why the New York Times banned cigarette advertising. The writer discusses how the banning of tobacco ads reduces the pressures on children to take up smoking and leaves room for advertisements warning the readers against the dangers of smoking. In addition the way in which banning of these ads may prevent nonsmokers who buy The New York Times, from involuntarily contributing to the tobacco industry, is also discussed.

From the Paper
"Little by little, cigarette advertising has been disappearing from American newspapers and magazines. This trend began more than two years ago when the first national newspaper, The New York Times, officially banned tobacco advertising. At the same time, local newspapers such as the Seattle Times and Portland Organdie copied the national newspaper."

Tags:advertising, anti, banning, cigarette, life, newspapers, organdie, portland, private, seattle, smoking, teens, tobacco, york

Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes Susan Bordo's well-known essay about the way the male body is treated in advertisements for Calvin Kleni. In particular, the paper notes how the male body in such ads is feminized, citing different reactions from male, female, and homosexual observers. The paper concludes by stating that in these ads, the male image was now substituted for the female image, with bothbeing more central than the product supposedly being sold.

From the Paper
"Susan Bordo in a well-known essay about the way the male body is treated in advertisements for Calvin Klein in particular notes how the male body in such ads is somehow feminized, with different reactions from male, female, and homosexual observers. At the time, a number of ads featured young men either nude in suggestive (but not overt) poses or with their shirts off to show their muscled torsos. The poses were in many ways similar to what women had been shown as in advertising for some time, and the male image was now substituted for the female image, with the image in both cases being more central than the product supposedly being sold. Bordo notes a New York Times column that complained about the increased..."

Tags:male, body, image

Abstract
Advertising has long been associated with unreasonable claims, in fact, we have come to expect them. Advertisements quite often imply qualities about the products and people within the context of the ad that are simply impossible. Over the long-term, our culture has grown to accept advertisements as a fiction into which we are drawn for 30 seconds. During that time, the viewer suspends disbelief because of the formula at play and simply accepts the fiction that surrounds the product. In the realm of diet advertising, however, such fictions have turned out to be potentially dangerous or even deadly. Diet product and diet advertising has long made irrational claims about enormous changes in the body over impossibly short periods of time. Research shows that the level of false advertising in commercials for diets and diet products is staggeringly high. The FTC found that 55 percent of weight-loss ads make claims that lack proof or very likely are false (Eggerton, 2002). In fact, this problem has been ongoing since one of the first false-advertising in diet commercials claims was made; in 1993, the Federal Trade Commission charged that five of the nation's largest commercial diet-program companies have misled consumers by making unsubstantiated weight-loss claims and by using deceptive testimonials ("FTC Accuses Five Diet Programs of Deceptive Advertising", 1993; Cordes, 1993). It is proposed that research will demonstrate that the effect of false advertising (and thus false expectations) about diets and diet products has resulted in a greater health crisis in relation to weight than ever before.

Abstract
This paper compares magazine advertising of the 1920s and 1930s with magazine ads of the 1990s in the way each portrays contemporary views of race and gender in America. Advertising has always represented a mirror on society, sometimes reflecting the newest trends but more often showing the way that society sees itself at the time.

From the Paper
"This paper compares magazine advertising of the 1920s and 1930s with magazine ads of the 1990s in the way each portrays contemporary views of race and gender in America. Advertising has always represented a mirror on society, sometimes reflecting the newest trends but more often showing the way that society sees itself at the time. During the 1920s, magazine advertising first became a major advertising tool, and its colorful pictures and even more colorful copy reflect the brash, loud confidence of a nation that had just won its first world war. The ads of the time reflect the growing independence women were experiencing, as they gained the right to vote and began to do in public what they had never before dared - smoking cigarettes, showing their legs, traveling on their own. The ads also reflect the continued subservience of blacks and other minorities; when they appeared.."

Abstract
The paper posits that if there were some global disaster or nuclear holocaust, the last thing to disappear would be the commercial message; ads in the media are so pervasive that they are bound to ring out the end of the world. The paper asserts that the most disturbing point about ads is that they reduce every item in the world to a commodity and people to no more than consumers. The paper points out that along with the specific content of ads is the overall message that all people need for fulfillment and happiness are material goods. The paper emphasizes that whatever we might personally believe, ads speak for us in defining us and our world as a materialist culture that has no higher values beyond what we can consume.

From the Paper
"Nike footwear radio my room Toyota car radio my room Coca Cola radio my room Trip to Disney World TV home Government service: get out of debt - posters - subway Colgate toothpaste painted steps & walls subway Lottery tickets teletron subway Moore's men's suits poster subway..."

Tags:ads, commentary, control

Abstract
Advertising has long been associated with unreasonable claims, in fact, we have come to expect them. Advertisements quite often imply qualities about the products and people within the context of the ad that are simply impossible. Over the long-term, our culture has grown to accept advertisements as a fiction into which we are drawn for 30 seconds. During that time, the viewer suspends disbelief because of the formula at play and simply accepts the fiction that surrounds the product. In the realm of diet advertising, however, such fictions have turned out to be potentially dangerous or even deadly. Diet product and diet advertising has long made irrational claims about enormous changes in the body over impossibly short periods of time. Research shows that the level of false advertising in commercials for diets and diet products is staggeringly high. The FTC found that 55 percent of weight-loss ads make claims that lack proof or very likely are false (Eggerton, 2002). In fact, this problem has been ongoing since one of the first false-advertising in diet commercials claims was made; in 1993, the Federal Trade Commission charged that five of the nation's largest commercial diet-program companies have misled consumers by making unsubstantiated weight-loss claims and by using deceptive testimonials ("FTC Accuses Five Diet Programs of Deceptive Advertising", 1993; Cordes, 1993). It is proposed that research will demonstrate that the effect of false advertising (and thus false expectations) about diets and diet products has resulted in a greater health crisis in relation to weight than ever before.

Abstract
This paper explains that the ads's effectiveness is based on their ability to use the visual language of other youth-oriented ads to attract adolescents, a group highly likely to suffer from depression. The author points out that the YBeBlue campaign has linked its efforts to those of a number of for-profit companies, a strategy that is becoming increasingly common and can prove to be quite effective for the company concerned, as well as highly useful for the non-profit. The paper relates that the campaign uses television spots, a Web site, banners, and postcards distributed to schools, universities, government agencies, and health centers in a very directed strategy of distribution of information.

Table of Contents
Introduction
A Different Type of Product
Adolescents Targeted By Depression
Using the Language of Young People to Talk to Young People
Moving From Television to Print
Cause-Related Advertising

From the Paper
"The causes of depression include both biological and possibly genetic causes as well as a range of environmental ones. In many individuals, depression is caused by an interaction between biological and environmental (both personal and general) factors. Depression is categorized as an affective disorder, which means it is one of the forms of mental illness in which the defining characteristic is a mood disturbance. The affective changes in depression are a feeling of sadness (which matches with the popular understanding of the disorder), but it is also marked by feelings of guilt, helplessness and hopelessness. It is these last three that are at least as debilitating as the sadness itself."

Tags:language, affect, for-profit, postcards, strategy

Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of media advertising with regard to representing male and female images. The author examines fourteen print advertisements from the November 29, 1999 issue of Newsweek: eight of men and six of women noting how women and minorities are represented.

From the Paper
"It is a cliche to say that advertisements in women's magazines and pornography are sexist - and the normalizing influence of such media sources have been well documented. However, the pervasive sexism of advertising is not limited strictly to those venues in which sex and sexuality is an outright topic. Sexual roles and values are peddled to the American consumer in every magazine and mass media venture, even those as seemingly innocuous and nonsexualized as newsmagazines. In this paper I will examine fourteen print advertisements from the November 29, 1999 issue of Newsweek: eight of men and six of women."

Tags:sexism, society, empowerment

Abstract
The paper introduces Abraham Maslow, the psychologist who made sense of the astonishing array of human motives by arranging them in a pyramid known as the "Hierarchy of Needs." The paper explores how the "Hierarchy of Needs" was integrated into the advertising world of the 1950s. It also examines ten advertisements and discusses how Maslow's hierarchy is a part of each one.

From the Paper
"Advertisers started to attach emotional values, such as friendship and status, to products around the nineteen-fifties, using what they learned in psychology class. This emotional attachment is affixed to the product by building semi-conscious and subconscious impressions, or an atmosphere, around the product to create the impression that acquisition and consumption equate to good health, success, exultation, enchantment, moral righteousness, ethical certainty, trust, faith, superiority, coolness, freedom, liberty, self-esteem, confidence, democracy, and numerous other similar emotions and ideas. Three preeminent advertising techniques which apply Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs to their advantage are the bandwagon, emotional, and fear techniques. The emotional attachment technique portrays images and ideas that appeal to certain emotions of the consumer. These ads imply that only by means of purchasing the product will he or she be able to satiate these emotions. The bandwagon technique in advertising, which suggests it is second nature to purchase that particular product, was predominant in the fifties. This class of ads suggests that without that product, life would be dysfunctional and unpleasant, and not all of the consumer's needs would be met. The fear technique utilizes Maslow's hierarchy , to "...suggest to the consumer that not purchasing a certain product would be disastrous to them...(Lane and Russell 13)", in that not all of their needs according to the hierarchy would be met. However, to what extent is Maslow's hierarchy of needs integrated into advertisements from the decade in which the hierarchy was actually unveiled?"

Tags:subliminal, techniques, The, Hidden, Persuaders, Whitman

Abstract
This paper argues that advertisements are part of capitalist ideology. They are part of the patriarchal agenda to socially construct certain roles for different groups. They marginalize and exclude the women, the poor, and coloured minorities from positions of power.