Abstract This paper focuses on the design of an ADR Program for company XYZ in Los Angeles, CA. The design includes the format for the ADR program in the form of a ombudsman, and discusses the mission of the organization, the purpose of the ombudsman, the procedures needed in grievance policies, the cost of the program, the case selection, the training required and the benefits of the company's ADR program.
From the Paper "The ADR Program for XYZ Company has been created that seeks to resolve internal disputes within the company, and provide a source of dispute resolution that is relative to personnel grievances. This ADR Program is for the employees of XYZ Company only, and may not be accessed by external entities of the company. Agency Mission and Structure. XYZ Company's mission is to manufacture and distribute cardboard popcorn containers for the movie theatre industry. As a wholesale manufacturing business we employ in excess of one thousand employees, to include hourly wage employees, and management. Dispute Resolution Goals. The dispute resolution program will be an internal entity that exists to resolve employee grievances within the company."
Abstract This paper explains a distinguishing feature of alternative dispute resolution is that the decision is made by an individual who is completely impartial in that decision and who refers to some standard rights, duties, law or common-law, and then applies some credible and authoritative body of rules or precedents. The author points out the characteristics of the process is a quick solution, confidential and without prejudice, in which the parties can discuss and debate the dispute before the dispute is a locked-in condition. The paper stresses that the importance of the individual being properly informed of the legalities in the mortgage ADR process because, within the mortgage lending company sector, there are mortgage companies considered to "predators in lending," charging unnecessary premiums in insurance and excess interest.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Characteristics of the ADR Process
Characteristics within the Mortgage Company ADR Process: A Fictitious Example
The Applied Process of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "A scenario is given in the work entitled 'First City Bank and the Press-Developing a Public Relations Strategy" is that in which a mortgage company scam has been discovered and has been published in the local paper. First City Bank is stated as being involved through having offered "allegedly high interest rate loans in low-income and minority neighborhoods as well as a high number of foreclosures in these areas." Further stated is the fact that private mortgage companies have been accused of collusion in relations with contractors and that the blame has been placed on the government within the city."
Abstract In today's society, lawyers are encouraged to present the option of pursuing alternate dispute resolution to clients as a matter of good practice and lawyers who fail to do so may be subject to malpractice liability. This paper explores the growing popularity of alternate dispute resolution (ADR) due to the high costs, both financially and to relationships, of traditional litigation.
Subtitles in the Paper: Alternate Dispute Resolution; Ethics and Dispute Resolution; The Costs of Conflict; Ethical Issues in Choosing Whether and How to Mediate; Client Satisfaction; Methods of Dispute Resolution in Businesses; The Role of Counsel; Results of Alternate Dispute Resolution; A Lawyer's Duty to Advise About ADR; Ethical Rules of ADR; Lawyer as Client Representative or Advocate; Lawyers as Neutrals; Conflict of Interest; Malpractice and Negligence; History of ADR; Everyday Disputes; Determining the Role of a Mediator; Conclusion.
From the Paper "Alternate dispute resolution is a practical business and personal solution, as there are significant costs associated with different ways of resolving disputes, which often outweigh the conflict itself .
The direct costs associated with disputes include the fees of lawyers and other professionals. In 1994, nearly 18 million cases were filed in U.S. courts at a cost of $300 billion.
Productivity costs involve the value of lost time, or the cost of what those involved would otherwise be producing. Continuity cost is the eventual end of relationships that would have continued without the conflict. Emotional cost reflects the pain of focusing on emotions and the problems this can cause psychologically."
Tags: American, Bar, Association, ABA, ombuds, Supreme, Court
Abstract The paper offers an understanding of the dispute resolution methods in India, with a focus towards the emerging trend towards alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The paper explores the rationale behind the ADR movement to assess its usefulness in terms of realizing the ends of justice. The paper includes footnotes instead of a bibliography.
Outline:
Archetypes of Disputes Determination
Seeking ADR Legitimization of ADR
From the Paper "Discords are bound to arise in a society and the ingenious human mind has devised ways and means to resolve the same. The phenomenon, law, itself can be seen as a result of the quest to address potential problems. The nature has endowed people with rationality. Through the medium of State norms and institutions were created for securing social order and to attain the ends of justice. State function through its different organs and judiciary is one among them directly responsible for the administration of justice. The judiciary is the tangible delivery point of justice in a layperson's perception. Resolving disputes is fundamental to the peaceful existence of society. Therefore effective and efficient systems for determination of disputes become an obvious appendage."
A summary of the article by Hakim Ben Adjou, Esq.which covers alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques and specifically Internet resources now available.
Abstract The article begins by noting that ADR techniques are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to litigation. Before discussing the electronic, it first introduces the traditional ADR methods including negotiation, mediation, arbitration and moderated settlement conference, describing how each works.
From the Paper "It goes on to discuss the advantages of ADR which include speed, cost, control, confidentiality, flexibility, maintenance of relationships and ease. It also notes that there are disadvantages to ADR, stating these as being that it may not be effective in bitter disputes, that a resolution may not be reached, that fear exists that participants may not abide by the decisions reached, the fact that is does not give people their 'day in court' and the possibility of unregulated procedures.
Despite these disadvantages, both federal and state laws encourage the use of ADR procedures, with the Federal Arbitration Act and the Uniform Arbitration Act cited as examples. It is also noted that arbitration is also encouraged on an international level. The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, also known as the New York Convention and the International Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID) are referred to as evidence of this international interest in encouraging ADR."
Abstract The paper explains how alternative dispute resolution (ADR) differs from a traditional litigated dispute, mainly that mediation is both faster and less expensive than traditional litigation. The paper looks at how ADR has practically changed the legal landscape and explores what these changes mean for the future of the justice system.
From the Paper "Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has changed the face of the American legal climate. The U.S. legal system has historically been an adversarial system, one where two parties enter into the justice system and only one can possibly emerge the victor. ADR has helped change the tone of the justice system in the United States, by allowing more room for negotiation, and providing a greater array of settlement options, beyond those delineated by statute. However, it would be naive for one to assume that ADR has changed the basic nature of the American justice system; it is still a very adversarial process. What it has done is provide means for some parties to achieve successful resolution without investing the same time and expense that traditional litigation would require. It has also allowed litigating parties to maintain more amicable personal or business relationships, while still focusing on conflict resolution."
Abstract Over the past few decades, there has been a dramatic change in the way that businesses and courts approach dispute resolution. Businesses are now encouraged to resolve disputes by alternative methods, such as mediation and arbitration, rather than take all disputes to court.
This paper shows that effective dispute resolution is vital to the reputation of businesses, as well to the growth of trade and investment. Many methods of dispute resolution attempt to resolve conflicts that do not involve an alleged violation of law. This paper discusses Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) which refers to any form of mediation or arbitration and their use in resolving disputes and is largely used amongst companies worldwide to resolve business disputes. The paper shows that many ADR approaches are very flexible and include early neutral case evaluation, facilitation, conciliation, mediation, arbitration, negotiation, or any other dispute resolution method that may be appropriate for a particular dispute. The paper looks at the reasons behind the increasing popularity of ADR including the fact that a growing number of legal mandates require the use of mediation and arbitration to resolve disputes.
From the Paper "Companies around the globe have used arbitration and mediation to settle a variety of disputes. For example, in the United States, arbitration and mediation are often used to settle labor disputes that are rooted in conflicting interpretations of existing employment contracts, construction disputes between general contractors and subcontractors relating to construction damage claims, or between contractors and owners relating to the nature of work and payment clauses in employee contracts, and shareholder disputes concerning the valuation of stock in closely held companies (Riskin, 1997, p. 277-279)."
Abstract The paper examines the various methods of dispute resolution that are available to parties and critically examines the various disadvantages and advantages of the most popular methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It also examines litigation and discusses to what extent ADR has replaced litigation.
From the Paper "The case management introduced by Lord Woolf has encouraged the use of ADR and CPR rule 44 has meant that severe cost penalties can be imposed by the courts if ADR is not considered or is refused unreasonably. This is demonstrated in the case of Dunnett , here Railtrack had successfully defended an appeal from Dunnett and sought its costs, when the trial judge had granted Dunnett leave to appeal he advised her to consider ADR, she approached Railtrack but they refused the ADR. The Court of Appeal held the parties had a duty to further the overriding objective of the CPR and that this included considering ADR, in this case Railtrack had failed to do this before the cost of the appeal had begun to accumulate. This attitude by the courts demonstrates the importance that is placed on ADR and it puts it at the centre of the civil justice system."
Examines the process of Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR), which often shortens the duration of cases otherwise sent to court, as well as saving costs related with court actions.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 1998, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Dispute Resolution
Introduction
Although business and law are consistent features of everyday life in the United States, the presence of the lawsuit and adjacent litigation has caused many of us to consider that there are really only two classes of citizens. The first class of citizen is the litigant. The second class of citizen is the potential litigant.
Of course this is a tongue-in-check comment, but it sometimes seems that newspapers and television spend a tremendous amount of time concentrating on the status of suits, legal wrangling, and the subsequent fallout from their outcome. What seems clear is that while business law must be explicit on the subject of suites, other means of settling disputes, real or.."
Abstract One of the problems faced by the radiology department is the choice of using ionic or non-ionic intravenous contrast media. This paper explains that the choice of contrast media has become tougher with the arrival of continuous attention and compensation discount. The paper examines the various side affects and provides reasons why non-ionic contrast media should be used over ionic contrast media.
From the Paper "Low risk patients getting ionic contrast are insecure than the high-risk patients who are getting non-ionic contrast, as given by Zeich.10. Juvenile patients as well as adults who are administrated nonionic low osmolar contrast media are more secure than the ionic high osmolar contrast media and they are now used regularly. An extensive nationwide relative clinical study was done in Japan (337,647 cases) on the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to high osmolar ionic contrast media and low osmolar nonionic contrast media. Nonionic contrast media were given to 168,363 cases (49.9%) and ionic contrast media in 169,284 cases (50.01%). On the whole 12.6% of ADRs was dominated by ionic contrast media group and 3.13% by the non-ionic contrast media group."
Abstract In the past, duels and showdowns were commonplace methods of dispute resolution, but things have changed. Perhaps as a reflection of a more complex society or a growing recognition of individual rights, the United States has experienced an enormous increase in the number of lawsuits filed over the last half of the 20th century. However, when people and businesses are faced with resolving problems in a fair and equitable manner, they have many other options available to them, which have become increasingly popular as court calendars continue to lengthen. Alternative dispute resolution has greatly expanded over the last several years to include many areas in addition to the traditional commercial dispute; mediation has become an important first step in the process. This paper provides an overview of alternative dispute resolution methods and approaches, a discussion of potential drawbacks and constraints, and an assessment of whether these methods are appropriate for the public sector. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper "Some jurisdictions and courts in the U.S. require early neutral evaluation. Under early neutral evaluation, parties to litigation are required to make presentations to a neutral evaluator. The evaluator is engaged to provide both parties with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of their respective positions, and to facilitate disputes. Courts in some jurisdictions may have case management conferences at which time staff counsel or other court officers may take active roles in promoting settlement discussions."
Abstract This paper discusses the perspective of a media source (CNN) regarding conflict resolution between children. The paper presents the facts surrounding the shootings at Columbine High School as a case study for the option of peer mediation programs and ADR - alternative dispute resolution. The paper also reviews the "Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology" article, "Evaluation of the first 3 years of the fast track prevention trial with children at high risk for adolescent conduct problems" and compares it to the media source.
From the Paper "Before the shootings at Columbine High School, many parents simply thought of childhood and adolescent bullying as simply a rite of passage, a natural part of growing up, rather than something to be alarmed at. However, according to the popular online media source, CNN.com, an informational news website, President Clinton echoed teachers and therapists that although "we don't know all the facts about what happened in Littleton, but one of the things that have come out of this that's really made an impression on me is that the young men who were involved in this horrible act apparently felt that they were subject to ridicule and ostracism and they were kind of social outcasts at the school. But their reaction to it was to find someone else to look down on." (CNN.com, 1999)"
Abstract This paper discusses how in an increasingly heterogeneous American society, the formality of courts and their adherence to the traditional adversary model has led to the recent emergence of several methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADRs). It examines how some of these methods, which include mediation, negotiation and arbitration, provide an alternative to litigation and have several advantages. It attempts to show that mediation is the most effective form of alternative dispute resolution, by examining the current system, the adversarial system and what aspects of this system create the need for alternative forms of dispute resolution. It also compares its advantages to the other forms of alternate dispute resolution.
From the Paper "In examining the reasons for the need of alternative dispute resolution, it is necessary to analyze the current method of resolving conflict in the American legal system. This system, known as the adversarial system, bases its existence on the central tenet "that conflict resolution is best achieved through an adversary process" (Levett Notes). This consists of two parties in a courtroom represented by an appointed advocate who is familiar with the law. The advocate presents his client's case before the judge, an independent fact-finder who weighs the merits of the case and evaluates their consistence with the law. This system is different from the inquisitorial system, which is used primarily in Europe, and has several crucial distinctions from the adversarial system."
Abstract This paper provides an overview of medication errors. It describes the most common types and causes of medication errors and discusses the impact of medication errors on patient care. The paper then provides some strategies that can be used in virtually any healthcare setting in order to help reduce the number of medication errors that occur and therefore improve patient care.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Definition of Medication Error
Causes of Medication Errors
Impact on Client Care
Strategies to Prevent Medication Errors
Conclusion
From the Paper "The research and empirical observations suggest that because healthcare professionals are just human, medication errors will happen and the consequences of such errors can be severe. The research also showed, though, that nursing staff in particular can benefit from the above-stated five "rights" to help them avoid some of the most common types of medication errors which were shown to include improper dosages, the wrong drugs and the wrong route of administration. Because the consequences of medication errors can be so dire, it is vitally important for all healthcare providers to take the time necessary to use the strategies outlined above to help guide them in the proper preparation, dispensing and administration of all medications."
Abstract The paper examines the legal and psychological aspects of the different forms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR): negotiation, arbitration, mediation, summary jury trial. The paper answers the question of which types of cases this is best suited to and which cases are viewed as the best form of conflict resolution to prevent litigation and why.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Background
Mediation
Different Types of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "One type of mediation process that is frequently used is the mediation process in relation to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as "more than ever, employers and employees are turning to mediation and other forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution to resolve equal employment opportunity disputes." (U.S. EEOC, National Council on Disability and U.S. Department of Justice nd) Titles I and II of the ADA and Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act make it a crime for private employers who employ fifteen or more individuals."
