Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the article "Factors of Fruit and Vegetable Intake by Race, Gender and Age Among Young Adolescents" by Granner et. al. The paper explains that although a number of methodological aspects prove problematic, the paper is also confounded by equally serious conceptual errors. The paper looks at the apparent total absence of research hypotheses and notes that the absence of testimonial regarding the benefits of eating healthily also leaves a question mark over whether poor diet is a concern for researchers, or even a problem willing to be explored. The writer believes that the discussion section seems fairly brief for a research topic apparently so broad in scope, but notes that the one notable finding of the Granner et. al. experiment - a high correlation between self-efficacy and snack choice - may be explored in further detail in the future.

From the Paper
"The research measures, moreover, provide something of a quandary. The complicated and numerous variables lead to a much more intricate and confusing methodological tapestry than would seem necessary. Measures such as race, age, and gender, and their impact on the food attitudes of adolescents are certainly necessary. However, measures such as "normative beliefs", "outcome expectations" and "modeling" seem a little excessive. Instead, the experimenters conduct something of a dual study of both these dependent variables impacting age, ethnicity and gender, and these former measures again acting as independent variables to fruit and vegetable consumption. If the point of the present research is indeed to examine a relationship between adolescence and poor dietary habits, the variables should be similarly simple."

Tags:health, nutrition, teenagers, snacks, poor, diet, research

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the ability to critically assess a journal article is central to the skills required for advanced nursing. This paper presents a detailed critique of the nursing article "Using Technology to Promote Self-Efficacy for Healthy Eating in Adolescents", by nursing professors JoAnne D. Long and Kathleen R. Stevens. Critique details are broken down into the following sections: introduction, methodology and results.

Outline:
Problem statement
Literature review and theoretical framework
Hypothesis/Variables
Methodology
Design
Threats to internal and external validity
Subjects
Data collection methods/instrumentation
Results
Findings
Interpretation/Conclusions

From the Paper
"Threats to internal validity normally are perceived as selection, history, maturation, testing, and instrumentation. Selection threats suggest that those who participated in the control or intervention group have characteristics that differ from those who were not included in the study. There is a possible selection bias given that student were from a school in an undisclosed area of the country, it is unknown whether these were rural or urban youth, from a public or private school or what other variables might affect their level of nutritional, health or independence awareness. History, or the events that happen to students during the course of the study which might affect results, could not be accounted for as all intervention took place in the school setting. Researchers acknowledged they were unable to control for social or family interventions that might run counter to their study goals. Instrumentation, maturation, dropout, and order effects were controlled by researchers directly or through statistical analysis for variance."

Tags:study, diet, obese, food, consumption

Abstract
The paper outlines the ethical, legal and social issues in food advertising and then discusses the marketing challenges of the healthy fast-food industry. The paper suggests how to incorporate these challenges into a marketing plan and opines that with medical science, ethical values and social concerns on our side, creating a positive marketing campaign to compete with traditional fast food should not be exceptionally difficult to implement.

Outline:
Ethical Issues in Food Advertising
Legal Issues in Food Advertising
Social Issues in Food Advertising
Challenges to the Healthy Fast Food Industry
Incorporating Challenges into a Marketing Plan

From the Paper
"Advertising in the United States has come a long way since the era of Hollywood movie stars doing television commercials for Lucky Strikes cigarettes. Nowadays, the ethical component of advertising requires that statements about products be truthful and limits the advertising options available to certain types of products altogether. Alcohol consumption, for example, may no longer be depicted in television advertisements because of its potential to influence young people to emulate what they see on the screen. It is still permissible to advertise fast food products without restrictions of this type, but it is conceivable that in time ethical concerns over the nationwide epidemic of obesity (Gibbs 2007), especially among children, will limit the types of advertisement currently available to the industry."

Tags:marketing, health, fast-food, obesity

Abstract
The paper relates that although all Americans effect the huge growth of fast food, adolescents play more of a vital role than the average consumer. The paper discusses how teenagers consume fast food, work in fast food restaurants and steal from them too.

From the Paper
"Our country loves fast food; there is speedy service with cheap tasty food in over one million restaurants world wide. Though we all love it, we do not like the stories behind it. In 2004, Americans spent over 110 billion dollars on fast food, that's more than higher education, computers, computer software and new cars combined (Scholosser, 3). Teenagers provide a huge role in the fast food industry. Teenagers work at these restaurants, eat at these restaurants, are objects of advertisements by these restaurants and steal from these restaurants more than any other age group. Ever since the age of three more than 75 percent of American children can recognize the face of Ronald McDonald. Since our nation is currently being raised around fast food it is only inevitable that as children grow, they only become more of a part of it everyday."

Tags:McDonalds, Burger, King, restaurants, employment, adolescents

Abstract
This paper describes the product and relies on the recent findings of the medical and scientific communities that have confirmed chocolate's health enhancing qualities. The paper explains that the creative focus is centered on the fact that chocolate and a chocolate based healthy snack food product is conducive not only to better health but to an overall lifestyle change. The paper relates that the target market is all individuals between 35 and 60 years of age.

From the Paper
"This document provides a creative brief for a chocolate based health food snack. The product is chocolate based and relies on the recent findings of the medical and scientific communities that have confirmed chocolate's health enhancing qualities. The creative focus is centered on the fact that chocolate and a chocolate based healthy snack food product is conducive not only to better health but to an overall lifestyle change. The target market is all individuals between 35 and 60 years of age."

Tags:healthy, chocolate, medical

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the food market. According to the paper, trends are moving from fast foods to more healthier, organic foods. The paper also discusses the important role that food plays in the social arena.

Outline:
Introduction
Food Industry Overview: Organic, Fruits and Vegetables, and Fast Food Sectors
Factors in the Changing Tastes of Society: From Fast Food to Organic
How Fast Food Restaurants are Reacting to the Shift to More Organic Foods
Conclusion

From the Paper
"To remain competitive, fast food restaurants have had to turn to innovative products, often redeveloping their product lines, to meet the changing demands of consumers for organic foods specifically, and healthier foods in general. The demand for organic foods has been the mechanism for industry evolution. As noted, McDonalds phased out their supersize menu items, in response to society's growing health concerns. In addition, they've begun to offer more healthy menu choices, such as low-fat items and fresh salads, to their customers, as well as promoting healthy lifestyles in their marketing campaigns. In the New England area, McDonald's even replaced their coffee with Newman's Own Organic blend, in an attempt to take further advantage of more organically-discriminating tastes of consumers. This move has been well-received in the region . In addition, new fast food restaurants are being introduced to the marketplace, in response to these new consumer demands. Company's like Healthy Express are still relatively small players in the industry, but are slowly garnering market share from their less healthy competitors ."

Tags:organically, certified, consumer, mcdonalds, burger, king, Healthy, Express, biodegradable

Abstract
Fast food advertising has been allowed to profess anything, from the "healthy quality" of their food to the food company's contribution to homeless kids. While fast food giants are quick to take any of their detractors to court for any erroneous allegations made by members of the public, it doesn't stop these same companies from committing libel themselves through their promotions. However, most fast food companies steer clear of making outrageous claims such any health benefits, preferring to concentrate on marketing their service's convenience, economy and perceived lifestyle. This paper endeavors to highlight this discrepancy in the industry and showcases three fast food companies and their advertising efforts in that regard.

From the Paper
"Fast food outlets have become the messiah for the millions of people out there who don't have more than five minutes to spare in grabbing a bite to eat or for the millions of mothers desperate for one night of not cooking dinner for the family. There is certainly a lot to choose from. All one has to do is switch on the television, turn on the radio, go to the cinemas or even walk down the street. People from all walks of life are bombarded each and every day with jingles and gimmicks and catchcries, inviting the consumer to partake of their fried or greasy menu. Some appeal to the consumer's need for convenience, others appeal to the consumer's economic constraints, and others appeal to the consumer's perceived utopian lifestyle. Some even go so far as to appeal to the consumer's interest in healthy eating. But are these appeals from fast food conglomerates based on truth or are they just trying to beef up their profits duplicitously? This paper endeavors to explore some claims that fast food companies have made in the past through their advertising. Three fast food giants will also be held under the microscope and studied for any evidence of duplicity through their advertising."

Tags:fast, food, advertising, health, food, industry, brand, nutrition

Abstract
This paper examines the student's previous assignments and nutritional testing results and proposes a healthy eating plan in response to those.

From the Paper
"In Week One, my diet showed poor alignment with the food pyramid recommendations. I consumed ... of the recommended milk intake, ... of the recommended meat and beans intake, ... of the recommended vegetable intake, ... of the recommended fruit intake and ... of the recommended grain intake. My diet consisted primarily of fruit in Week One and it has not changed since then. As the nutrient intake chart demonstrates, my diet is extremely low in the vital nutrients needed for a healthy diet. I am only obtaining one-fortieth of..."

Tags:healthy, eating, diet, diet plan, natural, organic, food, pyramid, nutrient, nutrition

Abstract
The paper examines childhood obesity and how it has been associated with the increased use of technology such as television and computer use. The writer asserts that to create a change in our culture there must be a change in the manner in which children are taught about healthy choices. Interventions for children with regard to media viewing and for adolescents in regard to drug and alcohol prevention programs are proposed in the paper.

From the Paper
"The environment in which we live is clearly a conglomeration of many cultures and yet there are also pervasive cultural issues that cross cultural boundaries and can be determined to be shared by all in the American culture. There are two such issues that reign supreme as causing the greatest human concern for health and suffering. Disease is more often caused by these two issues than any others in the human population. These two disturbing American cultural experiences are obesity, caused by a sedentary lifestyle and a fundamental failure to eat healthy and drug and alcohol abuse (both illicit and legal), not culturally specific but a broad American cultural problem that causes disease and lack of overall health."

Tags:technology, television, sedentary, activities, exercise, food, smoking

Abstract
This paper describes the importance that eating healthfully, exercising regularly and being aware of drug and alcohol-related dangers has on the overall health of youth. The paper further points out that sufficient self-esteem is necessary for youths to avoid becoming involved in drugs and alcohol and that young people must be clear about the risks of sexually transmitted diseases and become more educated in this area before becoming involved in a sexual relationship.

Outline
Diet Principles
Fitness
Mental Health and Self-Esteem
Keeping Healthy in a Drug Society
Diseases and Immunity
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Reproductive Health
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

From the Paper
"In order to achieve total health several components of a young person's life must be examined and brought into focus. Furthermore, because the decisions they make are important, young people need to be informed so that they are empowered and able to make the right choices. Physical health is comprised of not only exercise and nutrition, but also drug and disease awareness. Conversely, mental health includes a complete self-familiarity, and a self-love that includes a high self-esteem."

Tags:eat, prevents, eating, habits, childhood, adolescence, food, guide, pyramid, physical