Abstract
This paper addresses adolescent substance abuse from a scientific standpoint, delving into different theories of addiction, as well as some sociology of adolescence, in order to present the two different factors present in the formation of substance abuse habits in adolescence. These factors are embodied by the disease theory and the psychosocial theory of addiction, which are both explained in the essay.

Tags:PSYCHOLOGY / ALCOHOL, DRUGS, adolescent substance abuse

Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, including a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances typically abused by American adolescents today is also followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors and place these young people at higher risk of becoming substances abusers, as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.

Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Societal Implications
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Social Identity Theory, Group Affiliation and Their Influence on Adolescent Substance Abuse
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Factors Contributing to Adolescent Substance Abuse Behaviors
Summary

From the Paper
"Calculating the precise incidence of substance abuse among adolescence has been complicated by the fact that some minority groups appear to be specifically targeted for such testing when they present for emergency treatment at many American hospitals today. For example, the results of an analysis of data collected on adolescents (aged 12 through 17 years) from the National Trauma Data Bank to identify the incidence of alcohol and drug testing in adolescents admitted for traumatic injury by Marcin and his colleagues (2003) found significant differences in the likelihood of alcohol and drug testing being ordered by the treating clinicians for different racial, ethnic, and gender groups which demonstrated an increased likelihood of Hispanic males and African American females to receive alcohol testing, but did not identify any systematic attempt at racial bias; this study, though, did determine that females of all races were less likely than males to test positive for alcohol and drugs (Marcin et al., 2003). "

Tags:alcohol, drug, testing, race, smoking

Abstract
In this research, the writer provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is then followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.

Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations

From the Paper
"Parents and other adult caregivers therefore stand out as the primary factors that can either contribute to the incidence of adolescent substance abuse or help encourage young people to avoid such behaviors. Parents can also influence adolescent substance abuse indirectly through their impact on peer group selection. Therefore, the relational patterns that exist within the family and peer group systems appear to represent an important consideration in the development of efficacious treatment protocols for adolescent substance abuse.
"Unfortunately, many young people come from homes where adult substance abuse is a matter of course, and it would appear reasonable to assert that such adults have little incentive or the resources they need to provide their children with the guidance they need during this formative period in their lives. Moreover, there was a distinct downward spiral quality to these behaviors that make early interventions absolutely critical because the more young people engage in such behaviors, the harder it is to effect change, not to mention the increased risk these young people run of becoming yet another grim statistic related to adolescent substance abuse in the United States today."

Tags:dependence, drugs, alcohol, destructive

Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, including the types of substances typically abused by adolescents. These substances include tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants. A description of the statistics and incidence concerning adolescent substance abuse among various groups is presented, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved.

Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Marijuana Use Among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications

From the Paper
"While many of the studies to date have focused on age of onset, heavy episodic consumption and trend over time, there remains a paucity of research concerning specific variables that can predict why some adolescents progress from light experimentation (drinking outside the home on several occasions, but always fewer than five drinks per occasion) to heavier episodic-type drinking (five or more drinks per occasion) (Gonzalez et al., 2004). To this end, these authors used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), which they describe as "a large, national, longitudinal survey of approximately 18,000 adolescents in Grade 7 through 12--we identified a population of adolescent who, as reported at a baseline assessment, had drunk alcohol outside their homes but had not engaged in heavy episodic drinking" (Gonzalez et al., 2004, p. 494). These same adolescents were reinterviewed a year later and data from these interviews were then used as a basis for identifying specific variables that can be reasonably associated with the transition to heavy episodic drinking (Gonzalez et al., 2004). "

Tags:Marijuana, alcohol

Abstract
This paper is made up of two chapters that provide a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk. The second chapter provides a description and overview of what steps clinicians should follow in formulating treatment plans for adolescent substance abusers and the four primary types of interventions used in the treatment of adolescent substance abuse in use in the United States today. The paper also includes tables and diagrams for reference.

Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Tobacco Abuse by Adolescents
Alcohol Abuse by Adolescents
Inhalants as Abused Substances
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Chapter Summary
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations

From the Paper
"The breadth of the problem under consideration is vast and its economic consequences enormous because substance abuse describes the destructive or harmful use of alcohol and other drugs in any situation. Therefore, substance abuse includes not only drinking or drug use by individuals who, because of their social, emotional, or genetic heritage, use alcohol and other drugs compulsively or without control, but also any drinking or drug use that potentially endangers the drinker or others (Ammerman, Ott & Tarter, 1999). These facets will be described in greater detail in the section on "Societal Implications," following the section entitled, Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents, and the section entitled Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse."

Tags:effective, treatment, coping, problem-solving, interventions

Abstract
This paper explains that the relationships between the teen, his family support system, and the community of peers influence each research study and must be included in every abuse prevention program. The author points out that maternal and paternal patterns of substance use and various parenting practices and abilities, such as monitoring and supervision, have been linked to the drinking behavior of boys and girls. The paper stresses that the most significant relationships between stressors, emotional disposition, and environmental factors are not those of the school environment, but of the home environment.

Table of Contents
Influences on Behaviors
Racial Issues
School Based Prevention
Interventions: What?s Working
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Findings from these investigations also focus attention on two longstanding problems that thwarted development of comprehensive alcohol abuse prevention programs for youth. The first problem pertains to agreed upon goals. Researchers have disputed over whether abstinence from alcohol for all teen-agers is sought, or should programs only seek to reduce high-intensity drinking and alcohol-impaired traveling? Each goal suggests different intervention strategies, and the findings of these research projects show discernable patterns to adolescent alcohol abuse and suggest that effective intervention requires specific program goals and objectives for different alcohol-related behaviors. Many prevention programs have lacked such clarity and direction because of differing paradigms regarding the positive nature of parental authority."

Tags:family, peer, school, program, parental

Abstract
This paper states a basic premise of adventure therapy is that a series of well-designed activities focusing on success experiences will help break the cycles of failure and bring about an increase in that person's ability to feel good about him/herself. The author discuses the goals of AT are important to the recovering addict. The paper presents a complete research design.

Table of Contents
Theoretical Background
The Adolescent, Self Esteem and Substance Abuse
Adventure Therapy and the Adolescent
Introduction to the Research
Methodology
Subjects
Instruments
Procedures
Data Analysis
Data Organization
Statistical Procedures
Significance of the Study
Implications
Applications

From the Paper
"The physical nature of adventure therapy and the real life nature of experiential learning activities, lends itself to be used by counselors of many different theoretical. AT easily allows the counselor to design a program unique to its setting. The basic model of experiential learning is based on the premise that intervention fosters learning, which leads to insight. This new insight, can then create necessary permanent changes."

Tags:addict, psychoanalytical, risk, data, treatment, scores, multifactorial, anova

Abstract
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the problem of substance abuse amongst teenagers. In the first chapter the paper discusses the problem and steps which lead to substance abuse and the factors involved. It also explains the reasons for the study and why it is so crucial. The second chapter reveals information from a variety of studies regarding factors influencing substance abuse amongst adolescence such as race, ethnicity, social identity theory, social environment, etc.

Outline:
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Scope of Problem
Importance of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2:
The Breath and Prevalence of Adolescent Substance Abuse

From the Paper
"The gateway drug hypothesis assumes that individuals progress from a lower-stage drug to the next higher-stage drug in a sequence. According to Kandel (2002), individuals are unlikely to proceed to a drug stage without having first tried a lower-stage drug; however, most individuals are likely to stop at an early stage without progressing through the whole sequence. This author adds that, "The Gateway Hypothesis implies that the sequence of drug use onsets is universal and that the most important individual differences are differences in the end stage that is reached by different persons" (Kandel, 2002, p. 20)."

Tags:drugs, substance abuse, teenage problems, drug abuse

Abstract
The paper discusses how substance abuse and alcohol abuse involve developmental needs and the contextual nature of family life. The paper shows how substance abuse, especially among adolescents, has serious implications for their health and well being and that of their families and relates that in a situation of substance abuse, nursing interventions to support the family must be aimed at both the user and other family members.

From the Paper
"Substance abuse and alcohol abuse involve developmental needs and the contextual nature of family life. Substance abuse, especially among adolescents, has serious implications for their health and well being and that of their families (Jackson & Usher, 2006). In a situation of substance abuse, nursing interventions to support the family must be aimed at both the user and other family members. The Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) provides a systematic approach for undertaking a comprehensive family assessment, and then for choosing appropriate..."

Tags:family, abuse, interventions

Abstract
This paper explains that there are several problems associated with counseling substance abuse clients. Cognitive behavioral approach, the author relates, is an effective controlled method to decrease the sensitiveness to the environments that stimulate the use of substances and to introduce supplementary situations. The most effective method of cognitive approach, especially for teenagers, is to teach recovery techniques to the client that assist in overcoming the condition rather than finding methods to change directly the mentality of the person.

From the Paper
"Substance abusers can be studied using three different types of cognitive behavioral approach. They are self-management methods, behavior adjustment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapies. Behavior adjustment includes changes in the lifestyle of a person while embracing a new way of life. This change in behavior becomes clear to all who live close to the client. Self- management of the client denotes the assistance provided to the client to recognize and change his blatant behavior."

Tags:sensitiveness, mentally unrest, self-management relationship adolescents