This dissertation is an extensive report of research to analyze the internationalization strategies taken by Xerox, Ricoh and Canon to respond to challenges posed by China's emerging market.
Abstract This paper explains that one of the major findings of this research to analyze the internationalization strategies taken by Xerox, Ricoh and Canon to respond to challenges posed by China's emerging market was that cultural distance was a far less significant internationalization challenge in the Chinese office electronics industry than the literature review suggested. The author points out that the research confirmed the significance of administrativeheritage and organizational structure as key internationalization challenges that firm's face including those in the Chinese office electronics industry. The paper indicates that the internationalization process leads to a network of international market activities through foreign direct investment and other forms of international business involvement and may result in the inter-dependencies of all multinational corporations in one host country, which is one important aspect of internationalization.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Internationalization Challenges
Local Market Disadvantages
Disproportionate Operating Costs and a Denial of Benefits Afforded to Domestic Firms
Cultural Distance and Market Entry Modes
Political Bargaining and Positioning
Institutional Differences and Corruption
Local Density and WFOE Performance
Organizational Capabilities
AdministrativeHeritage Organizational Structure
Internationalization Strategies
Exporting
International Licensing Agreements
International Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances
Wholly-Owned Foreign Enterprise
Doing Business in China
The Global Office Electronics Industry
Research Design
Case Study Approach
Data Collection
Framework for Analysis
Case Studies
Short-Term Challenges
Cultural Distance and Organisational Capabilities
Political Bargaining and Positioning
Long-Term Challenges
AdministrativeHeritage Organizational Structure
China Strategies of Office Electronics Firms
Discussion
Short-Term Challenges
Long-Term Challenges
Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are many local market conditions that could test a company's resolve to enter a new and unfamiliar market, which present themselves as key challenges to firms. The initial challenge comes in the form of entry barriers. Jennifer Rankin (2003) interprets these barriers in terms of the huge investment and risks that the undertaking entails. Moreover, the return on investment may take years to materialize. So if the company is a penny-pincher afraid to take risks and also in a hurry to recoup its investment, it might as well forget internationalization."
Abstract This paper outlines that one of the major disputes within educational institutions is the distribution of power and administrative responsibility: One side believes the administration and structuring of education needs to be left with "professional" administrators, while the other side believes that teachers deserve a more central role. The author points out that teachers are affected by the decisions of administrators to a very high degree and need to have some control and influence over their fate. The paper concludes that the contention that teachers will advance their interests alone if given more administrative influence is absurd.
From the Paper "Obviously, it is the unanimous opinion of those within our educational institutions is that teachers? opinions are not granted the same attention as others of power, so the next step in analyzing this phenomenon is asking ourselves"why" Paul Moreno, a reporter for the Massachusetts News, believes the problem lies within the teacher's union. He writes of teacher's unions throughout the nation using coercive power for control. Unions maintain strong positions of power within state legislatures and parental groups within school systems."
Tags: unions, administrators, role, control, power
Abstract The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.
Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)
From the Paper "Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."
A study of the degree to which the media and the U.S. administration work together to manufacture consent with special emphasis on The New York Times' complicity.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 14 sources, 2002, $ 62.95
Abstract Successful management of the media is a key element of politics today. This paper assesses the manner, and extent to which, the US administration and the media cooperate to manufacture consent. It highlights the extent to which The New York Times merely restates the administration's position and relies principally on administration sources. The influence outside of the US, in Canada, is also briefly examined.
Abstract This paper examines the role of the database administrator, why they are necessary in organizations and how a database administrator differs from a knowledge manager. The paper examines the various jobs and functions of database management in large organizations.
From the Paper "Few companies today are able to exist without an information technology department. Whether a large multinational conglomerate or a small retail establishment nearly all companies rely on computers to some degree. Some companies are highly dependent on computer systems while others use them only for accounting and related tasks. Every organization even the smallest company has at least one person whose job entails making sure that the computer system is up and running or at least knowing who to call when the computer system goes ..."
Abstract This paper critically analyzes the administration policies and ideas set forth in an essay by President Woodrow Wilson entitled "The Study of Administration". The paper describes Wilson's thoughts about using ministrant (function of the government) and constituent ideas to represent political and apolitical branches respectively and relates that constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing societal interests. The paper concludes that Woodrow Wilson attempted to outline a coherent and somewhat revolutionary idea about public administration and politics and how each should be separate, yet work together.
From the Paper "Wilson was determined to make reforms and labeled areas that were functions of the government "ministrant" and those that were not, or were apolitical, he labeled "constituent" (Clements 320). These constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing the societal interests (320). Although these labels appear to be incorrectly given as ministrant areas were given what really appeared to be political functions such as labor regulation, communications, transportation maintenance, education, and conservation efforts."
Abstract Compares the works of Woodrow Wilson, Frederick Taylor, and Graham Allison and their influence on the study of administration and the roles of public administrators.
From the Paper "Many voices have had profound influences on the development of public administration. The writings of Woodrow Wilson and Frederick Taylor were just two voices that identified many of the critical themes that would be permanent parts of this field of study. In Wilson's (1887) "Study of Administration," he expressed his idea of improving government efficiency by developing a management system free from political intervention. In "Scientific Management," Taylor (1912) explained scientific management principles"duties assumed by those in management. Both of their works can be compared to that of Graham Allison's (1979) "Public and Private Management: Are They Fundamentally Alike"" In it, he examined the characteristics of public managers and the characteristics of their environments. These three writings are similar in content; however, there are some portions where the ideas of the authors contrast."
Abstract This paper proposes to study the role that public administration has in encouraging changes in society while, at the same time, safeguarding the structure and continuity of society. The paper proposes to look at which sectors of society should provide the impetus for change and which should preserve the status quo. Finally, the study intends to look how the need for change in society can be balanced against the need for stability and the specific ways in which public administration professionals can help society to maintain this balance.
From the Paper "But just as lack of change can be terribly damaging if not lethal to a society, too much change can also be dangerous. Societies that prosper are those that allow for change within an established structure ? and both the change and the structure are important. (This does assume, of course, that the structure is fundamentally sound to begin with.)"
Abstract This paper discusses the future of public administration, including the scope of problems it will need to address and possible political trends that may shape it. The paper divides the influences on public administration into external and internal factors, and considers each separately.
From the Paper "Barring some unforeseeable dramatic transformation of society, the active role of governments and therefore the practice of public administration will play a prominent social role in this..."
Abstract This paper considers major issues facing database administrators today, including privacy, networking, security, data storage, staff training and staff retention. It includes a technical description of these issues including firewalls protection, data warehousing, need for effective database administration, bounded and unbounded media.
From the Paper "It is difficult to imagine how most companies could operate without databases in today's business environment. Indeed most organizations whether private or public profit or non-profit depend on ..."
Tags: database administration, privacy, data storage, networking, security
Abstract This paper analyzes the role, practice and performance of the nurse administrator. More specifically, the paper examines the elements of leadership required by the advanced role of nurse administrator as well as identifies the scope and duties of the role.
From the Paper "Marquis and Joregensen-Huston state that the health care system in America is rapidly changing and evolving and that this change requires a continuous effort to plan and manage health care providers. This means that Nurse Administrators in the twenty-first century perhaps more than ever before must be good leaders. They must be leaders who can manage and yet be sufficiently flexible to establish collaboration across a diverse and complex healthcare system."
Abstract In this article, the writer describes the typical medical retention processing unit found at a military installation and looks at the nursing administrative positions as the responsibilities the individuals holding these positions must shoulder. In particular, the writer delves into the management responsibilities of such men and women. The paper also looks at the nursing care delivery system in a military installation and considers the twin matters of leadership style and communication strategies by reviewing the case of one particular administrator. Finally, the paper looks for evidence that the individual in this case successfully employs conflict management and negotiation skills.
Outline:
Abstract
From the Paper "In any case, the responsibilities of MRPU's anywhere within the United States Army do not vary over time. Specifically, these units exist to provide injured servicemen and servicewomen with professional medical care while simultaneously seeing to it that all injured or convalescing soldiers meet retention standards; if the soldier does not meet the appropriate retention standards, he or she is released from Active Duty and/or separated from the military. Clearly, the proper interpretation and utilization of retention standards requires a medical staff of conspicuous competence and integrity. More than that, any senior nursing administrator who works on behalf of the United States Army must - at least theoretically - have a passable knowledge of forensic accounting, strong administrative and organizational abilities, and a capacity for getting the most out of subordinates. Without these skills, the responsibility of all senior staff to ensure that over-payments such as those highlighted previously are avoided cannot be met."
Tags:administrator, medical, soldiers, Nurse, Corps
Abstract During the colonial period in Africa the French adopted a policy of assimilation in areas under their control whereby indigenous inhabitants of the area were encouraged to adopt French culture as their own and to integrate into French society. The author of this paper suggests that the French colonial administration in Senegal used colonialism as a form political subordination. In the paper, the writer analyzes colonialism as a form of political and cultural subordination in Colonial Senegal. The paper also discusses the outcomes of French colonial policy in Senegal.
Outline:
French West Africa: Colonialism in Context
French Policy in Senegal: Colonialism as Political Subordination
The Colonial Administration and The struggle For Islamic Courts
Reactions and Strong Resistance by Originaires
Works Cited
From the Paper "Historians refer to the demise of the AOF as the Balkanization of French West Africa. These historical facts lead us to the question; did colonialism in Senegal foster political and cultural subordination? The French administrative policies in the region suggest that Colonialism fostered political and cultural subordination. It could be argued that the French assimilation policy towards the four Communes of the colony of Senegal was that of colonialism as a form of political subordination towards the Originaires."
Abstract The author of this personal narrative describes a new Masters of School Administration program. The writer describes the factors influencing her decision to move from teaching to educational administration and then goes on to examine the structure of the course and areas that could be improved before making a final conclusion.
From the Paper "Aside from the constant changes, I felt that a class size of 35 to 40 people is too much to really affect efficient learning. I believe that Masters program should be kept small in order to ensure that each student will be able to contribute to class discussions and case studies. Further, programs such as these should have been carefully planned and thought out to the minutest detail to enable achievement of goals and objectives. But going back to the "change premise," the school administration did a great job though putting out an exemplary program in spite of the birth pains. I felt sometimes that since we were the first batch to take the course, we became guinea pigs that helped determine the effectiveness of the program. Despite the "experimental" feeling, I can only hope that lessons learned from our batch will be applied to the incoming batches in order for the program to be further improved."
Abstract This paper describes the career opportunities available to the computer systems administrators in the job market and contains a hypothetical interview with a professional of the field.
