Abstract
This paper analyzes parliamentary control over administrative rule-making in India. It describes the various classifications of administrative action and then briefly defines the meaning of administrative rule-making. Next, the paper provides some insight into the concept of why administrative rule-making is necessary in the administration of the country. The paper then looks at the kinds of parliamentary control imposed over the administrative rule-making so as to keep a perfect balance between its power of delegation and its ultimate authority. Finally, the paper compares the situation in India and the United States.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1- Administrative Rule-Making: Meaning and Concept
Chapter 2 - Parliamentary control over Administrative Rule-Making
Chapter 3- A Comparative Study of the Parliamentary Control over Administrative Rule-Making: India and USA
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The position of our country regarding the same has already been discussed in the previous chapter. In this chapter, the same shall be discussed regarding USA. The position in the United States is significantly different. For the U.S. Congress operates under a written constitution and the courts have the authority to interpret the Constitution and thereby declaring a congressional ruling unconstitutional if it conflicts with their views of the Constitution. Also the doctrine of 'delegaus non potest delegare' holds in United States, which means that a delegate cannot further delegate its powers. Thus, the Congress being a delegate of the people cannot further entrust its powers to any other agency."

Tags:constitution, congress, authority, legislature

Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of administrative rationalism, which supposes that those in power within the environmental agencies of the country have a solid expertise in their fields. Furthermore, it suggests that these individuals have the relevant technical knowledge, the necessary authority, and will act in the public interest.

From the Paper
"Administrative Rationalism and the Environment The concept of administrative rationalism supposes that those in power within the environmental agencies of the country have a solid expertise in their fields. Furthermore, these individuals have the relevant technical knowledge, the necessary authority, and will act in the public interest (Howes). Administrative rationalism is directly related to the functions of the individual in the position of authority when issues relating to the environment are concerned, and the expertise that is considered viable for these individuals does not call upon outside sources to make determinations of policy. Howes contends that administrative rationalism exists in the areas of, o professional resource management bureaucracies; o pollution control agencies o regulatory policy instruments o environmental impact assessment o expert advisory commissions (Howes)."

Tags:administrative, rationalism, environment

Abstract
This paper outlines that one of the major disputes within educational institutions is the distribution of power and administrative responsibility: One side believes the administration and structuring of education needs to be left with ?professional? administrators, while the other side believes that teachers deserve a more central role. The author points out that teachers are affected by the decisions of administrators to a very high degree and need to have some control and influence over their fate. The paper concludes that the contention that teachers will advance their interests alone if given more administrative influence is absurd.

From the Paper
"Obviously, it is the unanimous opinion of those within our educational institutions is that teachers? opinions are not granted the same attention as others of power, so the next step in analyzing this phenomenon is asking ourselves "why" Paul Moreno, a reporter for the Massachusetts News, believes the problem lies within the teacher's union. He writes of teacher's unions throughout the nation using coercive power for control. Unions maintain strong positions of power within state legislatures and parental groups within school systems."

Tags:unions, administrators, role, control, power

Abstract
This paper explains that the University Student Council of the University of the Philippines is not only a service, campaign and activity center for students but also plays a historic militant role in political upheavals, which support the democratic interests of the Filipino people. The author points out that, while the members of an organization understand the formal structure, rules and regulations of the organization, its administrative culture dictates how and why members of an organization operate and deliver its goals. The paper stresses that the Weberian characteristic of strict subordination is very difficult to implement in the USC because of the strong notion of democratic leadership in the student council.

Table of Contents:
The UPM University Student Council (USC) Constitution in Brief
The NUSP Edgar Jopson Student Council Manual
Maintaining Leadership
Develop Expertise in Technical Work
Reviewing Waldo's the Study of Public Administration
The Pull of Culture in the University Student Council
Militant National Democratic Culture
Contemporary Youth Popular Culture
Understanding Culture is Key

From the Paper
"Nonetheless, understanding the politics-administration dichotomy might be very important in understanding the dynamics of the USC due to its fused politico-administrative character. The dichotomy stems from the notion that politics and administration can never be totally isolated from each other, no matter how big or small the bureaucracy is. In terms of structure, the administrative portion of the bureaucracy is clearly accountable to the political branches of government, to the policies laid down by the political actors at a given time."

Tags:grass-roots, collective, leadership, militant, centralism

Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the achievements of Herbert Alexander Simon, the author of the book "Administrative Behavior". The paper then outlines how this work centers on the behavioral and cognitive processes that are involved in making rational decisions or human choices. The paper relates that Simon's contributions, particularly his decision-making steps of intelligence, design, choice, and review, have become increasingly popular throughout the business world with due thanks to the evolution of management consulting.

From the Paper
"The author of the book, Administrative Behavior, Herbert Alexander Simon, was born on June 15, 1916 and died on February 9, 2001. For most of his life, he was an American political scientist who researched areas of many fields that included computer science, economics, philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, management, public administration, and sociology. He was also well-known as a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Simon is perhaps one of the most influential social scientists of the twentieth century; having approximately one-thousand publications, a majority of them cited numerous times in other reputable publications. He was not only a walking encyclopedia of knowledge, but also an innovator."

Tags:human, choices, decision-making, consequences, subordinates, superiors

Abstract
This paper examines how, in "Understanding Administrative Evil", authors Guy B. Adams and Danny L. Balfour explore the idea and evolution of the concept of evil. It looks at how, over time, historical evil has evolved into administrative evil, a form of evil that is unique to modernity, and how the main differences between historical and administrative evil lie in the perpetrator's motivation. It analyzes how, to illustrate their arguments, Adams and Balfour cite numerous and varied cases of administrative evil, including the Jewish Holocaust, welfare reform, immigration, and the destructive organizational culture at NASA that spawned the Challenger tragedy.

From the Paper
"To support their argument, Adams and Balfour apply their theory to a number of modern historical events. In their first study, the authors analyze the Holocaust, first by summarizing the debate between intentionalist and functionalist scholars. However, to fully understand the German society's complicity in the Holocaust, Adams and Balfour argue for a synthesis that the Holocaust grew out of a "confluence of historical and political forces, racist ideology and anti-Semitism, organizational competition and the bureaucratic processes of a highly developed modern society" (59)."

Tags:nasa, nazis, holocaust, immigration, welfare, reform

Abstract
This paper discusses how, although Herring, Mosher and Thompson would agree that there should be administrative ethics in place to keep administrators morally sound and in tune to the needs of the public, they would debate on employee consent of--and who was to blame for--administrative unethical conduct.

From the Paper
"Many theorists have looked to examine the relationship between ethics and public administration. E. Pendleton Herring (1937) and Frederick Mosher (1974) were just two theorists that have addressed the issue of ethical accountability and responsibility of public managers. In Herring's "Public Administration and Public Interest," he discussed critical roles of bureaucrats and interest groups in the formulation of public policy. In "Watergate: Implication for Responsible Government," Mosher provided an overview of merit systems and equity issues of public administration. Both of their works can be compared to that of Dennis Thompson's (1985) "The Possibility of Administrative Ethics." In it, he raised the question of whether there is such a thing as administrative ethics at all. These three writings are similar in content; however, there are some portions where the ideas of the authors contrast."

Tags:employee, unethical, public

Abstract
This paper compares the concepts of Joachim Friedrich, Herman Finer and Max Weber on the process of administering the law. The author states a country that is well administrated by quality administrators will have a deep morality instilled in these workers to understand, evaluate and properly execute the laws. It argues that the secret to 21st century administrative responsibility is a true sense of morality that is instituted alongside the very laws of the land.

From the Paper
"However, policies are meaningless without proper administration of those policies. That is why, in the eyes of Joachim Friedrich, Herman Finer and Max Weber, the process of administering the law is actually more crucial than the process of creating it: Implementation is more important than legislation. Indeed, legislation's primary and initial focus should be to create proper administrative bodies and give them the tools to bring the goals of policy legislation to fruition."

Tags:administer, implement, policy, legislation, public, administration

Abstract
This paper examines administrative responsibility of state and federal government to enforce and actualize its policy decisions and laws. The author states that policies would be meaningless without proper administration of those policies. The paper compares the works of Joachim Friedrich, Herman Finer and Max Weber. It explores the complex needs of today's economy to develop new and sophisticated policies to counter the layered government/private industry mix in today's capitalism.

From the Paper
"Today's complex economy begs us to develop new and sophisticated policies to counter the layered government/private industry mix exhibited by our particular brand of capitalism. Several industries are government-run while most are entirely private. But every industry faces at least some government regulation from federal and state agencies. And in addition, there are our immense legislative and executive arms of government: a country of 290 million people which also doubles as the most powerful country in the world needs the policies in the 21st century that will ensure its continued success."

Tags:economy, policies, capitalism, layered, government, private, industry, industries, regulation, federal, state, agencies, agency, 21st, century

Abstract
This paper is a literature review and comparative analysis of four articles which span three centuries of public administration on the role of the public administrator and what the ideal standard should be. The four articles are : "To Run A Constitution: The Legitimacy of the Administrative State" by John A. Rohr, "Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government, by Mark Moore", "Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector" by David Osborne and Ted Gaebler and "Twenty-First Century Public Administration: The Folly of Experience and the Wisdom of History" by H. George Frederickson. It also provides the personal views of the author of the role of the "ideal" PA, followed by a comparison of that ideal to the standards suggested by the four authors.

Outline
Introduction
Four Books
Rohr and the Constitution
Moore: The Birth of Strategists
Osborne and Gaebler?s Reinvention Plan
Frederickson and the Janus View
A Personal Definition
Arguing the Ideal PA
Reaction to General Semanticist
Reaction to Cybernetician

From the Paper
"From that challenging position, Rohr then spends the next part of the book with the early days of the American nation, drawing interesting historical parallels between the jobs that the founders wanted the Constitution to do, and the creation of strategies to ensure that these jobs were done. Rohr doesn't draw some watershed moment when the "PA" was born, rather it is treated as an ad hoc situation that grew and developed organically. His primary contention is that the PA has an implied Constitutional role that empowers him or her to act as a balance wheel or mediator or filler of a vacuum left by Congress and the President and cabinet."

Tags:government, constitution, management