Abstract
This paper discusses the preventable and unnecessary patient deaths that occur each year due to inaccurate administration of medications. As well as setting out the causes of medication administration errors, the paper describes the precautions that are set in place to prevents such errors and concludes that the use of barcodes is very likely the most reliable, efficient, cost-effective, and practicable method to reduce medication administration errors.

Outline:
Introduction - Mistakes in Medication Administration
Traditional Methods of Preventing Mistakes in Medication Administration
Comparing Traditional Methods of Preventing Mistakes in Medication Administration
The Use of Barcode Technology to Prevent Mistakes in Medication Administration
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Traditionally, implementation of the medication administrative record (MAR) procedure is thought to reduce medication administration errors. Medication administration record systems require nurses to record all medication administration immediately upon completion and to review previous entries prior to administrating medication. However, in practice, clinical studies have disclosed that nurses are somewhat less likely to comply strictly with the latter requirement, which significantly undermines the effectiveness of the MAR approach to reducing medication administration errors. Moreover, because the administrating practitioner is responsible for recording the entries, the potential for error extends to include that process itself, often serving merely to document rather than to prevent such errors from occurring."

Tags:administration, studies, methods

Abstract
The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.

Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)

From the Paper
"Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."

Tags:public, administration, power, institutions

Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses the topic of public administration from different perspectives. In particular, the outlooks of three individuals who are currently in public administration are examined in detail. Additionally, included is a summary of what was learned from these discussions as well as a brief analysis of further learning in the field of public administration.

From the Paper
"This document discusses the topic of public administration. The viewpoints and perspectives of three individuals who are currently in public administration in one respect or another are examined. Additionally, included is a summary of what was learned from these discussions as well as a brief analysis of further learning in the field of public administration that is derived from this project."

Tags:pubic, administration, libation

Abstract
The paper describes how Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, constantly struggled with the concept of effective administration and vigorous leadership in a democratic government. The paper looks at his "The Study of Administration", an essay in which he argued that to make the American democratic nation more economical and efficient, it would be a safe move to adopt the type of administration developed by the European monarchies. The paper discusses how it is commonly thought that many of the ideas presented in the essay were from the German school of thought, as Wilson's mentor while doing graduate work at John's Hopkins, heartily endorsed the German theories he had learned while abroad.

From the Paper
"Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, constantly struggled with the concept of effective administration and vigorous leadership in a democratic government. In 1887, he penned, "The Study of Administration", an essay in which he argued that to make the American democratic nation more economical and efficient, it would be a safe move..."

Tags:wilson, administration, policy

Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the administration policies and ideas set forth in an essay by President Woodrow Wilson entitled "The Study of Administration". The paper describes Wilson's thoughts about using ministrant (function of the government) and constituent ideas to represent political and apolitical branches respectively and relates that constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing societal interests. The paper concludes that Woodrow Wilson attempted to outline a coherent and somewhat revolutionary idea about public administration and politics and how each should be separate, yet work together.

From the Paper
"Wilson was determined to make reforms and labeled areas that were functions of the government "ministrant" and those that were not, or were apolitical, he labeled "constituent" (Clements 320). These constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing the societal interests (320). Although these labels appear to be incorrectly given as ministrant areas were given what really appeared to be political functions such as labor regulation, communications, transportation maintenance, education, and conservation efforts."

Tags:wilson, public, administration, policy, politics

Abstract
Successful management of the media is a key element of politics today. This paper assesses the manner, and extent to which, the US administration and the media cooperate to manufacture consent. It highlights the extent to which The New York Times merely restates the administration's position and relies principally on administration sources. The influence outside of the US, in Canada, is also briefly examined.

Tags:media, management, administration

Abstract
The writer notes that in order to evaluate public administration leadership, a variety of theories, public sector issues and elements of leadership must be examined. The writer relates that his/her internship experience indicates that leadership, motivation, communication, unity, and loyalty are vital aspects of successful public administration. The writer discusses how leadership provides direction, motivation energizes the organization, and communication can either enhance unity and loyalty or undermine them, depending upon its quality, frequency, and application.

From the Paper
"In order to evaluate public administration leadership, a variety of theories, public sector issues and elements of leadership must be examined. My internship experience and academic research indicate that leadership, motivation, communication, unity, and loyalty are vital aspects of successful public administration. Leadership provides direction, motivation energizes the organization, and communication can either enhance unity and loyalty or undermine them, depending upon its..."

Tags:public, administration, leadership

Abstract
The author of this personal narrative describes a new Masters of School Administration program. The writer describes the factors influencing her decision to move from teaching to educational administration and then goes on to examine the structure of the course and areas that could be improved before making a final conclusion.

From the Paper
"Aside from the constant changes, I felt that a class size of 35 to 40 people is too much to really affect efficient learning. I believe that Masters program should be kept small in order to ensure that each student will be able to contribute to class discussions and case studies. Further, programs such as these should have been carefully planned and thought out to the minutest detail to enable achievement of goals and objectives. But going back to the "change premise," the school administration did a great job though putting out an exemplary program in spite of the birth pains. I felt sometimes that since we were the first batch to take the course, we became guinea pigs that helped determine the effectiveness of the program. Despite the "experimental" feeling, I can only hope that lessons learned from our batch will be applied to the incoming batches in order for the program to be further improved."

Tags:school, college, masters, education, administration, change

Abstract
This paper discusses the future of public administration, including the scope of problems it will need to address and possible political trends that may shape it. The paper divides the influences on public administration into external and internal factors, and considers each separately.

From the Paper
"Barring some unforeseeable dramatic transformation of society, the active role of governments and therefore the practice of public administration will play a prominent social role in this..."

Tags:public, administration, politics, trends, management

Abstract
During the colonial period in Africa the French adopted a policy of assimilation in areas under their control whereby indigenous inhabitants of the area were encouraged to adopt French culture as their own and to integrate into French society. The author of this paper suggests that the French colonial administration in Senegal used colonialism as a form political subordination. In the paper, the writer analyzes colonialism as a form of political and cultural subordination in Colonial Senegal. The paper also discusses the outcomes of French colonial policy in Senegal.

Outline:
French West Africa: Colonialism in Context
French Policy in Senegal: Colonialism as Political Subordination
The Colonial Administration and The struggle For Islamic Courts
Reactions and Strong Resistance by Originaires
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Historians refer to the demise of the AOF as the Balkanization of French West Africa. These historical facts lead us to the question; did colonialism in Senegal foster political and cultural subordination? The French administrative policies in the region suggest that Colonialism fostered political and cultural subordination. It could be argued that the French assimilation policy towards the four Communes of the colony of Senegal was that of colonialism as a form of political subordination towards the Originaires."

Tags:colonialism administration assimilation colonies partitioned senegambia niger sudan guinea, upper volta, mauritania, ivory coast, dahomey