Abstract This paper describes the main components of Adleriantherapy. The paper describes the key concepts of Adleriantherapy, the goals of Adleriantherapy, its applications and its contributions. The paper also describes the role of the Adlerian therapists, techniques of Adleriantherapy, its strengths and its limitations.
Table of Contents
AdlerianTherapy - Individual Psychology
AdlerianTherapy Integrated with Existential Approach
AdlerianTherapy for Patients with Terminal Illness
Therapist's Role
Therapeutic Relationship
AdlerianTherapy Techniques
Strengths of AdlerianTherapy Limitations of AdlerianTherapy
From the Paper "Humans are motivated by social interest, by striving toward goals, and by dealing with the tasks of life. Emphasis is on the individual positive capacities to live in society cooperatively. People have the capacity to interpret, influence, and create events. Each person at an early age creates a unique style of life, which tends to remain relatively constant throughout life."
Abstract This paper illustrates the major premises behind two forms of psychotherapy, Freud's psychoanalysis and Adleriantherapy. The paper describes both approaches, detailing their development, their use and their potential pitfalls. The writer states that Adleriantherapy is a more optimistic therapeutic approach because of its focus on attainable goals and the positive benefits it offers both patient and therapist.
Psychoanalytic Therapy AdlerianTherapy
From the Paper "Adlerian Therapy takes a positive view of human nature and is both humanistic and goal-oriented. It assumes a person is in control of their own fate and not a victim to it. Starting at an early age, a unique style of life is created by the person and that life-style stays relatively constant throughout the remainder of life. Working toward success, connectedness with others, and contributions to society are considered hallmarks of mental health, as well as being motivated by goals, dealing with the tasks faced in life, and social interest. Birth order is considered important in understanding a person's current personality, yet the therapy is future-minded, rather than retrospective. (Psyweb Pro, 2006) "
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses Adleriantherapy, one of several psychotherapeutic models that were developed and applied in the early 1900s. According to the paper, the Adlerian approach serves as a model for growth, placing its emphasis on a positive view of human nature and finding that the human being is in control of his or her own fate instead of being a pawn of that fate. The paper reports that the Adleriantherapy approach was developed by physician, Alfred Adler.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Theory
Application of the Theory
The Therapy Situation
From the Paper "Watson makes the process appear separate from the adult world so that the child must act out these issues on his or her own, but Lieberman (1994) considers the value of play in child-parent psychotherapy situations as a way of enhancing the quality of the emotional relationship between a young child and his or her parents. Such approaches can give importance to the factors that contribute to the clinical condition of the child and can also include the unresolved psychological conflicts of the parents as these may be reenacted in the relationship with the child. Lieberman describes parent-child psychotherapy as a relationship-based treatment approach applicable to infants, toddlers, and preschoolers experiencing mental health problems or whose relationship with the parent has been negatively affected because of parental factors, including mental illness, characteristics of the child that interfere with the formation of a secure attachment, or discordant temperamental styles between parent and child."
Abstract This paper discusses and compares two of the most common counseling therapies available to psychologists and counselors - Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Adleriantherapy. The paper describes the history and background of each of the therapies and discusses how they apply to counseling sessions. The paper also looks at the types of patients that will benefit most from each form of therapy.
From the Paper "Adler's view of counseling was for the therapist to discover the error in the patient's lifestyle and, through it, lead him to greater maturity (UXL Newsmakers 2005). For this purpose, he devised diagnostic approaches. Among these were the theory of dreams, the meaning of early childhood recollections, and the role of birth order in the family. The counselor or therapist gains an understanding and experience of the patient, not characterized by depth, but from the context of the larger whole of his collective transactions. In Adler's view, this was how to effect a change in the person's self-view and his view of the world. He would then be reorganized. In addition, the patient could be drawn to appreciate his own power of self-determination and to develop the courage to use it. In order to motivate or incline the person or patient towards or against a goal, the counselor or therapist expresses disinterest or unconcern and thus develops feelings of trust and true fellowship. This openness to each other would make up where one's mother could have failed (UXL Newsmakers)."
An overview of cognitive behavior therapy, focusing on the roles of the therapist and patient and how it compares to other therapies used in psychology.
3,720 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 6 sources, 2006, $ 133.95
Abstract This paper discusses cognitive behavioral therapy and the elements of its practice. It also explores the therapist and patient roles of cognitive behavioral therapy, and how it relates to other therapies currently used in psychology. Adleriantherapy, person centered therapy, existential therapy, Gestalt therapy, reality therapy, solution oriented brief therapy, multi-modal therapy, feminist therapy, and rational emotion behavior therapy are discussed and contrasted to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Through these comparisons a focus on the central characteristics of these therapies is evident, providing a framework for patients and professionals to determine which therapy would be most effective for the needs of particular patients.
Abstract This paper examines similarities between Adlerian and Gestalt psychology theories, and their respective psychotherapies. It traces the history of Gestalt psychology and the development of Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy.
From the Paper "Gestalt psychology traces its origins to when Max Wertheimer studied phenomenal movement in the way the cinema operates. Moving pictures do not actually move but we see movement because we impose our perception of a series of pictures as movement and this is an example of Gestalt organization. We don't passively respond to the world but we interact with it. Our environment is not just reality but is also subject to our perceptions of it."
Abstract Discusses the Adlerian approach to personality, psychology, and therapy. More specifically, the paper discusses Alfred Adler's concept of personality as an indivisible whole, his holistic view of the totality of the individual as well as his belief that individuals had a need for belonging and affiliation. The paper also examines the differences between Adler and Freud.
From the Paper "Alfred Adler was an early follower of Sigmund Freud. However Adler disagreed with many of Freud's primary contentions, specifically the negativity of Freud's theories, his belief that most if not all of the adult personality is shaped by early childhood experiences and his failure to incorporate social and cultural influences. Adlerian theory, according to Osborn, presents a view of the individual as a whole entity, a composite being and not a collection of parts..."
Abstract Distinguishing between types of therapies is beneficial for those seeking to make change within social settings with specific or unique needs. Family centered therapies are one of the many different therapy strategies that can be applied to facilitate change. However while individual therapy tends to be defined as a relationship between two individuals with the purpose of achieving therapeutic change, the family systems therapy approach takes a more integrated process towards the close social units in which the individual seeking therapy resides. This paper identifies differences between the traditional individual therapy style of therapy and the family systems therapy approach.
Abstract This paper details the benefits of solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), which was introduced as an alternative method of treatment, which could be accomplished in a shorter period of time, as opposed to the more traditional forms of long-term therapy and psychoanalysis. The writer contends and explains why SFBT is significantly more efficient in terms of time, scope and cost when compared to long-term therapy. This paper delves into the literature and research published on this particular form of therapy. This paper cites the various techniques involved in successfully implementing SFBT. This paper discusses the advantages of SFBT and success rates attained in both family and couples therapy, while also citing various experts in the field who oppose this particular form of treatment.
From the Paper "Miracle questions are created to provide the therapist a 'preview' of how the patient views his/her future life. These questions engage patients by allowing them to contemplate about specific possibilities that may happen in their lives. Questions may be hypothetical situations that focus on the individual's action when confronted with mundane events followed after by thought-provoking inquiries by the therapist. This technique probes into the patient's capability to think about alternative solutions to specific life situations or problems, enabling the therapist to come up with a suggested resolution that is within the understanding of the patient. This also makes the patient feel that s/he had an active role in the solution-making process that took place during the therapy. Scaling is a more quantitative means by which problems are assessed by the therapist."
Abstract This paper discusses various approaches to therapy and how anxiety and depression are affected by them. The paper looks at the beliefs of cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, Freud's psychodynamic therapy, and then discusses new approaches to therapy that incorporate all of these methods. The paper concludes that a mixture of all therapies is best when dealing with the individual patient.
From the Paper "The individual patient may handle crisis situations in varying ways. Therefore, determining which method of treatment will depend on the patient's cognitive patterns, actions and behavior, and the core beliefs that are developed in the patient prior to treatment. As these issues are focused upon, the therapist can begin to aid the patient toward recovery from the most common disorders introduced into the therapy situation - depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is not just one therapy that is best suited to every patient. Answers for treatment may be identified in each of the predominant forms of therapy that are available today. Sigmund Freud believed that depression was often the result of loss in a patient's life. Freud contended that the loss subconsciously felt by the patient generally occurred during childhood, and oftentimes was a forfeiture that was not recalled in adulthood ("Explanations")."
Abstract This paper studies the similarities and differences between two non-traditional, therapeutic approaches: Solution-Focused Therapy and Narrative Therapy. The paper examines the origins and efficacy of these two models of therapy.
From the Paper "In recent years both solution-focused and narrative therapies have been used extensively to help diverse populations..."
Abstract This paper looks at the problem of HIV/AIDS and the issue of complementary nutritional therapies that can be used to slow its progression and boost the immune system of HIV/AIDS patients. The paper also discusses the implications of utilizing these therapies and gives recommendations how to implement complementary nutritional therapies for HIV/AIDS. The paper discusses these treatments and also looks at how HIV/AIDS symptoms can be affected by proper nutrition and nutritional therapies and what kind of prevalence is noted with reduction of symptoms of HIV/AIDS when proper nutrition and nutritional therapies are employed.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 - Introduction to the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Background
Research Question
Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
Summary
Chapter 2 -- Review of Related Literature and Research
Introduction
Literature Review
Summary
Chapter 3 -- Results and Findings
Introduction
Analysis of Data
Findings
Summary
Chapter 4 -- Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations for Further Research
Conclusions and Implications
Summary
From the Paper "Although it would appear that the government in general is doing little to help communities from being completely decimated by the HIV/AIDS virus, there are some HIV/AIDS prevention measures that are being undertaken by some areas of the government that may apply to many individuals. In general, however, most of the information given is not culture specific and therefore will not apply well to some individuals and their cultural beliefs and feelings. The government is also lacking in getting the message out regarding what should be done once the virus is contracted and there has been almost nothing from the government regarding complementary nutritional therapies. Some of this information is important here, however, because it indicates what makes an HIV/AIDS program successful and may be helpful to educators in the future as they work toward finding various ways to get the treatment information out there to more people."
Abstract This paper evaluates current research about group therapy, in particular the advantages and the disadvantages of having the same sex individuals in one single group. The writer examines the types of groups that exist for therapy, including those focused on a single issue, such as illness. The author discusses the goals of group therapy, which include creating and maintaining healthy relationships. The author concludes that group therapy is more positive when both sexes participate, as the purpose of group therapy is ultimately to train the patient for a future that will enable him to lead a normal and productive life in the outside world.
From the Paper "One case example can be studied to illustrate exactly how, when a member of the opposite sex joined a group of the same sex, in this case, a group of women, the entire tenor and the very tone of the group underwent a drastic change. The case is about a group of four women, with a woman group leader. These women found that they were able to share their feelings with openness and honesty, and that they were able to express a wide range of feelings amongst themselves. However, all the women would joke amongst themselves about when a man would enter the group, and when it was announced that a man would soon be joining their group, almost all the women immediately associated their feelings about the men in their lives, perhaps a violent boyfriend, or an abusive brother, or a chauvinistic father, with this man. (Alonso; Swiller, 1993)"
Abstract In this paper aversion therapy is studied as a therapy employed in the treatment of alcoholism, smoking, compulsive gambling, and sexual deviations. Aversion therapies are described and critically assessed. Many deficiencies are pointed out and suggestions for improvements are made. It is suggested that the future of aversion therapy lies in the complete comprehension of the procedure.
From the Paper "A therapy, which employs classical conditioning, is known as aversion therapy. In aversion therapy a negative emotional reaction is conditioned to a maladaptive behavior that a subject perceives as pleasurable (Liebert & Spiegler, 1998, p. 516). In this approach the problem behavior, known as the conditioned stimulus (CS), is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) can be administered in such forms as chemical or electrical aversion. The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) results in the unconditioned response (UCR), which may be anxiety, fear or nausea. After numerous pairings of the problem behavior (CS) with the aversion therapy (UCS) the problem behavior (CS) will elicit fear, anxiety or nausea (CR). "
This paper analyzes a therapy session with a social worker, illustrating the social worker's apparent bias towards one of the patients, and criticizing other practices of the social worker.
Abstract This paper analyzes a therapy session with a social worker. It speaks of the social worker's apparent bias towards one of the patients, and criticizes other practices of the social worker. It goes on to describe certain behavioral therapy techniques that might be appropriate to the case such as rational emotive therapy and family counseling. It also brings in the problem of cross-cultural therapeutic relationships.
From the Paper "In seeking to find the best way to work with a patient, sometimes the most important decision that must be made is in selecting the most appropriate framework within with to analyze and treat that patient. This selection must be based both upon the therapists own overarching beliefs on which strategies are in general most helpful and most ethical as well as the particular needs of the patient at hand. This usually requires extending a high degree of empathy to the client; however when working with more than one client this can prove problematic as was the case here."
