Abstract
This paper examines similarities between Adlerian and Gestalt psychology theories, and their respective psychotherapies. It traces the history of Gestalt psychology and the development of Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy.

From the Paper
"Gestalt psychology traces its origins to when Max Wertheimer studied phenomenal movement in the way the cinema operates. Moving pictures do not actually move but we see movement because we impose our perception of a series of pictures as movement and this is an example of Gestalt organization. We don't passively respond to the world but we interact with it. Our environment is not just reality but is also subject to our perceptions of it."

Tags:Adlerian, Gestalt, Individual Psychotherapy

Abstract
This paper describes the main components of Adlerian therapy. The paper describes the key concepts of Adlerian therapy, the goals of Adlerian therapy, its applications and its contributions. The paper also describes the role of the Adlerian therapists, techniques of Adlerian therapy, its strengths and its limitations.

Table of Contents
Adlerian Therapy - Individual Psychology
Adlerian Therapy Integrated with Existential Approach
Adlerian Therapy for Patients with Terminal Illness
Therapist's Role
Therapeutic Relationship
Adlerian Therapy Techniques
Strengths of Adlerian Therapy
Limitations of Adlerian Therapy

From the Paper
"Humans are motivated by social interest, by striving toward goals, and by dealing with the tasks of life. Emphasis is on the individual positive capacities to live in society cooperatively. People have the capacity to interpret, influence, and create events. Each person at an early age creates a unique style of life, which tends to remain relatively constant throughout life."

Tags:personality, subjective, perspective, importance, direction, behavior, meaning, striving, significance, superiority, understanding, family, constellation, encouragement, assisting

Abstract
This paper analyzes Adlerian based ideology and its effectiveness in encouraging lifestyle changes in discouraged adolescents by understanding their private logic. Specifically, this paper aims to identify the concepts related to the Adlerian theory and discuss the various approaches in which the Adlerian theory can be affective when handling discouraged adolescents.

Outline:
Introduction
The Adlerian Theory
Alfred Adler as he Introduced the Theory
The Concepts of Adlerian Theory
Exploring Discouraged Adolescents with Adlerian Theory
The Six Basic Problem Solving Skills
A Training Cycle

From the Paper
"After knowing the main problem, the causes and effects of such problem is the best possible thing to know about. This will provide information how the adolescent responds to such problem, what causes him to be affected by that problem, and how has the problem affected his psychological, physical and physiological status. At most times assumptions or hypothesis on how the problem can be solved or how the solutions will turn out to be the way it is expected is important in this phase. This is because an educated guess will set the right path on the way the problem should be dealt with. Educated guess are of course the result of past experiences and own undertakings. Hence, this is a strong reference point for the problem and a strong background regarding the possible solutions. "

Tags:cycle, behavior, lifestyle, Thomas, Gordon, solution

Abstract
The paper discusses the influence of Kant, Nietzsche, Marx and Freud on the development of Adlerian therapy. The paper explains the fundamental concepts of Adlerian therapy that include style of life, social interest, inferiority and superiority and birth order. The paper also explains why Adlerian therapy might seem Christian friendly, but in reality is not.

From the Paper
"Adlerian Therapy was coined by Alfred Adler in the early 1900's. It was Adler's belief that lifestyle, the way individuals approach living, and their long-term goals can be determined by examining the family constellation, early recollections and dreams that attributed most to the creation of this theory (Sharf, 2004). Adler's work as a psychiatrist also contributed to the development of Adlerian therapy. Adler believed that he needed to learn about his patients' psychological and social situations, as well as their physical processes (Sharf, 2004). Another experience that is believed to be a major contributor to Adlerian therapy was Adler's feelings of inferiority as a child. It was early exposure both to feelings of inferiority in this case mostly physical inferiority and a view of life that may have influenced the development of Adler's important concept of social interest (Sharf, 2004).
"Adler had many people that influenced his life thus influencing the development of Adlerian therapy. One of his influences was Kant. Adler was influenced by Kant's desire to find ways to help individuals acquire practical knowledge of themselves and others (Sharf, 2004). Nietzsche and his concept of will power were also significant to Adler. Adler saw will power as an attempt to gain competence (Sharf, 2004). Adler was influenced by socialism, more specifically the work of Karl Marx."

Tags:style, of, life, social, interest, inferiority, superiority, birth, order

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses Adlerian therapy, one of several psychotherapeutic models that were developed and applied in the early 1900s. According to the paper, the Adlerian approach serves as a model for growth, placing its emphasis on a positive view of human nature and finding that the human being is in control of his or her own fate instead of being a pawn of that fate. The paper reports that the Adlerian therapy approach was developed by physician, Alfred Adler.

Outline:
Introduction
Background
Theory
Application of the Theory
The Therapy Situation

From the Paper
"Watson makes the process appear separate from the adult world so that the child must act out these issues on his or her own, but Lieberman (1994) considers the value of play in child-parent psychotherapy situations as a way of enhancing the quality of the emotional relationship between a young child and his or her parents. Such approaches can give importance to the factors that contribute to the clinical condition of the child and can also include the unresolved psychological conflicts of the parents as these may be reenacted in the relationship with the child. Lieberman describes parent-child psychotherapy as a relationship-based treatment approach applicable to infants, toddlers, and preschoolers experiencing mental health problems or whose relationship with the parent has been negatively affected because of parental factors, including mental illness, characteristics of the child that interfere with the formation of a secure attachment, or discordant temperamental styles between parent and child."

Tags:inferiority, self-concept, psychological, processes, social, behavior, conscious, psychotherapy, parent, child

Abstract
This paper illustrates the major premises behind two forms of psychotherapy, Freud's psychoanalysis and Adlerian therapy. The paper describes both approaches, detailing their development, their use and their potential pitfalls. The writer states that Adlerian therapy is a more optimistic therapeutic approach because of its focus on attainable goals and the positive benefits it offers both patient and therapist.

Psychoanalytic Therapy
Adlerian Therapy

From the Paper
"Adlerian Therapy takes a positive view of human nature and is both humanistic and goal-oriented. It assumes a person is in control of their own fate and not a victim to it. Starting at an early age, a unique style of life is created by the person and that life-style stays relatively constant throughout the remainder of life. Working toward success, connectedness with others, and contributions to society are considered hallmarks of mental health, as well as being motivated by goals, dealing with the tasks faced in life, and social interest. Birth order is considered important in understanding a person's current personality, yet the therapy is future-minded, rather than retrospective. (Psyweb Pro, 2006) "

Tags:psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, Freud, Adler, patients, dreams, motives

Abstract
The writer explains how Adlerian psychology considers birth order to be an important determinant of individual psychological development, while the Gestalt approach focuses on the totality of the patient's observations of behavioral manifestations of internal psychological issues. The writer offers a comparison of these two approaches and then provides a discussion on these perspectives that includes a personal philosophy of therapy. The writer believes that both approaches can be used, depending on the patient's individual needs.

Outline:
The Adlerian Perspective
The Gestalt Perspective
Personal Perspective

From the Paper
"Adlerian psychology was originally formulated by Alfred Adler (1870-1937), a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and one of the original psychoanalytic theorists. Like classical Freudian psychology, the Adlerian perspective also emphasizes the foundational significance of early life experiences, particularly family-of-origin experiences. Adlerian psychology parallels the general Freudian proposition that early experiences set the tone of later psychological manifestations.
"However, Adlerian psychology departs from the classic Freudian approach that conceives of issues in personal psychological development as direct functions of specific psychological conflicts arising mainly from the repression and alternate expression of sexual urges and the reaction to specific frustrations common to all human beings. Instead, Adlerian psychology focuses on the impact of the unique experiences (i.e. not the universal experiences detailed by Freud), of the patient's family relationships (McWilliams, 2004)."

Tags:Freud, psychoanalysis, birth, order, therapist, patient, dialogue, observations

Abstract
This paper explains that the affective approach to psychotherapy focuses on what goes on inside the individual and how his experience affects his behavior and perspectives of life. The paper then explains that the Adlerian approach to psychotherapy takes into account behavior as governed by the client's lifestyle and manner of dealing with personal problems. The paper contrasts these two approaches by applying them to a specific case. The author expresses a preference for the affective approach.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
The Client and the Client's Problems
Goals
The Process of Therapy
Overall Comment
Preferred Approach
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The treatment of goals in each of these approaches affects its process of therapy as well as perspectives on client treatment. Both approaches take into account of the fact that the presentation of goals is critical for counseling clients. However, the perspectives on goals differ in each case. For example, in Adlerian approach, the client's well being is at the center of the treatment yet at the same time the therapist develops the fictional goal of well-being to bring the client into focus to alter his/her attitudes, thinking and behavior towards life. On the other hand, the affective approach treats goals as responsibilities which must be given or unburdened from the client to resolve his/her problems."

Tags:client-centered, lifestyle, disorientation, family, environment

Abstract
Discusses the Adlerian approach to personality, psychology, and therapy. More specifically, the paper discusses Alfred Adler's concept of personality as an indivisible whole, his holistic view of the totality of the individual as well as his belief that individuals had a need for belonging and affiliation. The paper also examines the differences between Adler and Freud.

From the Paper
"Alfred Adler was an early follower of Sigmund Freud. However Adler disagreed with many of Freud's primary contentions, specifically the negativity of Freud's theories, his belief that most if not all of the adult personality is shaped by early childhood experiences and his failure to incorporate social and cultural influences. Adlerian theory, according to Osborn, presents a view of the individual as a whole entity, a composite being and not a collection of parts..."

Tags:psychology, personality, Adler, Freud, therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses and compares two of the most common counseling therapies available to psychologists and counselors - Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Adlerian therapy. The paper describes the history and background of each of the therapies and discusses how they apply to counseling sessions. The paper also looks at the types of patients that will benefit most from each form of therapy.

From the Paper
"Adler's view of counseling was for the therapist to discover the error in the patient's lifestyle and, through it, lead him to greater maturity (UXL Newsmakers 2005). For this purpose, he devised diagnostic approaches. Among these were the theory of dreams, the meaning of early childhood recollections, and the role of birth order in the family. The counselor or therapist gains an understanding and experience of the patient, not characterized by depth, but from the context of the larger whole of his collective transactions. In Adler's view, this was how to effect a change in the person's self-view and his view of the world. He would then be reorganized. In addition, the patient could be drawn to appreciate his own power of self-determination and to develop the courage to use it. In order to motivate or incline the person or patient towards or against a goal, the counselor or therapist expresses disinterest or unconcern and thus develops feelings of trust and true fellowship. This openness to each other would make up where one's mother could have failed (UXL Newsmakers)."

Tags:diagnosis, counselor, experience