Abstract Ernest Hemingway was just as adept at describing places and experiences he had never been involved in personally as he was at illustrating his direct encounters. This 3,000 word essay gets into detail about his histories as a child, his war experiences (real and imagined) and his involvement with Agnes Von Kurowsky who he met in WWI after being injured. Most importantly, it attempts to discover what "places" he's been to that enabled him to write so heroically.
Abstract This paper analyzes the direction taken in presidential debates. It illustrates the emphasis placed on the economic angle and shows how politicians have become adept at using those economic questions to bring in other issues, such as family values and fairness, that politicians believe will sway the majority of Americans to vote for them.
From the Paper "President Bush responded that although Clinton said he would not raise taxes on the middle class and the working class, his proposal to bring in an additional $150 billion in taxes would end up doing just that. He said that although proposals to "soak the rich" always sound appealing, it would be impossible to raise that much from the wealthy and in the end, the working class and middle class would end up paying for Clinton's proposed spending increases."
Abstract This paper looks into the subject of morality and ethics as depicted by Henry Fielding in his novel "Joseph Andrews". The book seeks to discard the notions held by 18th century English society in connection with morality and thus offers a better and "more active" definition of the term. According to Fielding, morality was not solely connected with chastity and thus he highlights the importance of charity for attainment of "honor" and "respect". The paper objectively discusses the strengths and weaknesses of Fielding's views in connection with this subject and shows how the author conveyed his message through adept characterization.
From the Paper "When reading "Joseph Andrews", one needs to be very careful in order to be able to fully comprehend the messages, which exist between the lines and are not exactly put forth in obvious terms. In this book, which Henry Fielding described as an epic written in prose form, we find the plot and structure very similar to Greek and other ancient heroic tales with the only difference being that in this novel, the author has tried to dispel the notion that morality is strictly connected with chastity and religion. This is a very interesting highlight of Fielding's work, and one that made his writings stand out among heap of similar literary work during the Eighteenth century. In order to understand clearly what happens in Joseph Andrews and how characters represent morality or lack of it, it is important to first have some background information regarding the description of morality in the early Eighteenth century."
Tags: literature, eighteenth, century, england, society, upperclass, chastity
Abstract The paper shows that while the use of psychological interrogation methods is currently permissible by the courts in Canada, Great Britain and the U.S.A., many researchers argue that psychological interrogation is, in essence, no different than blatant coercion. Confession Law has slowly evolved over time alongside the evolution of interrogation methods. The paper discusses how prior to the 18th Century, English Common Law accepted confessions without any restrictions, which allowed confessions extracted through torture to be accepted as viable representations of objective truth. Today, the bottom line on the admissibility of confessions is that they are "typically excluded if elicited by physical violence, by a threat of harm or punishment, by a promise of leniency or immunity from prosecution, or by failure to notify a suspect of his or her constitutional rights to counsel and silence" (Kassin & McNall, 1991). The paper shows that despite these seemingly stringent laws regarding the admissibility of confessions, psychological interrogation methods are adept at circumventing the law, and continue to employ methods that run the risk of eliciting false confessions. This paper reviews the literature on Psychological Interrogation methods, false confessions and the implications of both.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychological Interrogation Tactics
Inside the Interrogation Room
Custodial Legal Advice & The Right to Silence
Psychological Interrogation Functioning as Coercion
Police Interrogations and Confessions
Communicating Promises and Threats by Pragmatic Implication
False Confessions
Occurrence of False Confessions
Creation of False Confessions
An Empirical Study On Recall
Discourse Study
Interrogative Suggestibility & Delinquent Boys
Psychological Characteristics of False Confessors
Consequences of False Confessions
From the Paper "Interrogation, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the act of "questioning; formally and systematically." Interrogations within criminal justice systems are used to gather information relevant to investigations, and more importantly, to elicit confessions from suspects. Methods of interrogation have changed drastically throughout history, but the ultimate goal of obtaining confessions has held constant. While the whips and chains of the past have now exited the western world's interrogation rooms, many scholars argue that today's suspects are still subjected to psychological tortures. Psychological Interrogation is the most recent approach used by law enforcement officials to extract information from suspects."
Tags: applied, brutality, deprivation, police, psychology, sleep, social
Abstract Euthanasia has become an important issue in the protection of human dignity. As medical science becomes more adept at prolonging life, but not necessarily at making that life valuable, euthanasia becomes an option to be considered by those who suffer, those who love them, and those who are charged with their care. This paper looks at the two distinct forms of euthanasia - the passive form, which refers to the withdrawal of measures that keep a moribund person alive and the active form, where a positive action is taken that leads directly to the death of the patient.
From the Paper "Some try to differentiate between active and passive euthanasia and to find that active euthanasia is wrong, while passive euthanasia may be allowable in some cases. James Rachels addresses this distinction and notes that the distinction exists not only in law but in the moral code adhered to by many medical practitioners, who see clear reasons not to engage in active euthanasia but who see passive euthanasia as sometimes necessary. Rachels, however, finds good reasons why the distinction is not as simple as it might seem and why passive euthanasia may itself involve an untenable choice, making the choice of passive euthanasia not more acceptable than active euthanasia but less."
Tags: Ellen, Goodman, compassionate, law, Roman, Catholic
Abstract This paper reviews Henry James' travelogue "The American Scene". Through the analysis of various texts, it looks at how Henry James reveals that he is both adept at understanding moral issues and applying them to represent his beliefs. It shows how more often than not, his moral thinking is closely related to a conscious thinking about manners and the human spirit.
From the Paper "Henry James? moral code of ethics is a complex subject and is best left to other studies for in-depth analysis. However, it is reasonable to say that his morality is based mostly on his interpretation of the Christian code of ethics. Thus, for James, Christian vices such as (consumerist) greed and prostitution were violations against his own moral code. His appreciation of manners is linked to the amalgamation of cultural codes that he picked up through living in various countries with their respective cultures. The human spirit is a manifestation of the emotions of the human mind and its thinking. Often there is a large overlap in these three themes when discussing Henry James."
Abstract This paper presents a positive review of Gitta Sereney's book about Adolph Hitler's personal architect and close friend, Albert Speer. The paper looks at the quality of the source material Sereny uses for her book, how Sereny is able to get into the psyche of Speer and adeptly depict his character, and what Sereny's objectives were in writing the book.
From the Paper "Steeped in controversy and tainted by his legacy as Hitler's personal architect and close friend, Albert Speer is a difficult historical figure to portray and to pinpoint. Gitta Sereny explores the life and the mind of this complex man with brilliant insight, historical awareness, and sensitivity, as she examines the surprising moral conflicts that Speer faced later in his life, especially after the Nuremberg trials. As the only member of Hitler's inner circle to be spared from the death penalty, Speer had ample time before his death in 1981 to reflect on his role in Nazi atrocities. Although Speer ostensibly never killed a soul, nor did he outwardly perform any act of violence or hatred, he nevertheless supported and loved the man who ordered the brutal deaths of millions of Jews as well as Catholics, gypsies, and homosexuals."
Abstract This paper explains that the movie is a refreshing and provocative story of a Japanese man who breaks out of his humdrum existence through the unlikely intervention of ballroom dancing lessons. It discusses how Suo's adept direction makes this film erotically charged and hilariously comic at the same time, as well as full of interesting and believable characters. The cinematography is flawless and engaging, and the viewer is soon immersed in the world of the unlikely hero. Ultimately, the movie's greatest strength is in its ability transform the mundane and comic into the beautiful and sublime.
From the Paper "Shall We Dance" is director Masayuki Suo's largest break into North American cinema. Previously, his works include a "pink" (X-rated) movie called "Daughter in Law", a TV drama, a documentary called "A Taxing Woman", and a major picture called "Manic Zen", followed by a movie depicting a college Sumo wrestler. Though released in English, "Manic Zen" was only seen in movie festivals and not released in the United States. When asked about Japanese director Yasujiro Ozu's influence on "Shall We Dance", Suo replies, " I didn't think very much about Ozu, therefore I don't know how I was influenced...? However, he credits Ozu as a great influence on his first movie, "Daughter-in-Law" (Kaufman)."
Abstract Numerous studies conducted over the years have suggested that females are more adept than males with regard to their vocal ability. This paper proposes that females have better linguistic abilities because they are both biologically more suited to language capability and because society has influenced women in a manner that dictates that they should have more linguistic ability.
From the Paper "For years researchers have sought to explain the sex differences that occur in language and human behavior (Joseph, 2000). Human females time and time again have proven to excel over their male counterparts with regard to language tasks and verbal abilities (Joseph, 2000). Females are generally credited with having more ability to express themselves from a social-emotional perspective and tend to vocalize more often among one another than males in groups or pairs (Joseph, 2000)."
Abstract This paper discusses the psychological techniques that Hitler and the Nazis used during the 1930s to assume control in Germany and maintain order until their defeat in 1945. The paper breaks down several sociological and psychological concepts such as obedience, conformity, the power of iconic symbols, national pride, and the authority of a centralized ideal over the individual. The paper demonstrates that the Nazis were adept at creating an environment in which the wounded German psyche, crippled from harsh treatment from the Versailles Treaty and foreign oppression, was able to restore its strength under the symbol of the swastika. While many Germans understood that the Nazis were perhaps corrupt and performing cruel actions against their fellow man, particular psychological elements that the Nazis installed upon their rise to power in the 1930s prohibited any individual from opposing their rule. The last part of the paper discusses how many Germans felt that following the Nazis was a way for them to restore the pride they had lost, and Hitler capitalized on this feeling with great effectiveness. There is also a brief description of the tactics that Goebbels used in using his Propaganda Ministry to keep the German masses completely under the heel of Nazi brutality.
From the Paper "The inclination of human beings within any society to design and accommodate a government that protects their rights as citizens normally is considered top priority for any culture or ethnic group. Throughout history, societies have been influenced by many sociological factors that dictate what system of government they install, or in some cases, governments that are installed for the public by an authoritarian ruler. Nowhere in the annals of human existence can this forced subjugation of the masses be seen more clearly then in Nazi Germany, beginning in 1933 and ending after the Allied victory at Berlin in 1945. This particular case is peculiar however, for not only were the majority of citizens in Germany at the time willing to comply with Hitler's tyrannical government, but many individuals actively participated in the horror that was the Nazi regime. The question behind the German populace's compliance has been explained from the political and economic perspectives countless times, but the most interesting aspect of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich is from a sociological point of view."
Tags: adolf, authority, germany, goebbels, hitler, ii, impact, obedience, propaganda, psychological, war, world
Abstract In the early days, the union was considered a moral establishment, ensuring that workers worked in safe and equitable environments. In today's society however, where capitalist endeavors dominate, wages and working conditions are already reasonable for the most part, thus unions are flailing. This paper shows that if one examines critically the purpose of unions, many may find their modus of operation outdated and their strategies unreasonable for the modern marketplace. More and more American workers and employers are recognizing that the benefits of a union do not outweigh the hassle associated with membership.
This paper shows that many have even expressed the notion that unions are more adept at advancing their own interests at the public's expense rather than accomplishing any worthwhile task.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
History of Unions
Unions in Modern Society
Bibliography
From the Paper "Many perceive unions to be archaic in nature, attempting to focus on issues that are irrelevant to the contemporary workforce (Hyman, 2002). Unions have also been merging, causing negative reactions against members. Many workers are also increasingly disgruntled at the idea of paying fees for a service they feel may or may not benefit them in the long run. Other employees see unions as the oppressor, charging membership dues that they are obligated to pay whether or not they agree with the foundational principles of the organization."
Abstract This paper explains the meanings of the terms "hackers", "phreakers", "reverse engineers" and "social engineers" and takes a look at what they mean in terms of computer and technical crimes. The paper describes some of the techniques used by people committing these types of crimes and some of the methods companies are employing to combat the problem.
From the Paper "When most people think of "hackers" they think of nerdy, pimply-faced teenagers wasting time in their parent's basements-maybe trying to mess with their high school transcript or web site. However, the real world of computer hacking has grown far more complex and widespread. In fact, now the term "hacker" in itself is no longer sufficient to encompass all of the very different "types" of computer code criminals there are in the "underground world" of technology. Instead, we now have specialized terms in addition to "Hacker," like "Phreaker," Reverse Engineer," and "Social Engineer," to name a few. But what exactly does each of these do?"
Abstract This paper explains that a critical aspect of change management is taking into account the manner in which decisions affect employees, associates, the environment and society as a whole, instead of just considering the bottom line. The author points out that, because change in modern businesses is inevitable and often, managers need not only to become adept at identifying change but also in dealing with it and using it to their best advantage. The paper stresses that the style of communication relating to change is an essential ingredient and must take into account the unique personalities of each employee in order to customize appropriately and to target the communication method.
From the Paper "Of course, it is unrealistic to expect managers to function as effective leaders without proper edification of their level of authority. For example, while many managers acknowledge their responsibility to stay informed of changing issues such as sexual harassment, insider trading, equal hiring practices and so on, the problem is that they often feel they do not have the authority to effectively resolve such matters. In order to "untie the hands" of these supervisors, discussing the responsibility of individual corporations or managers is important, however open communications regarding the institutional frameworks within the organization's daily operations is equally essential."
Abstract This paper reviews and critiques the book "Russell Rules: 11 Lessons on Leadership" by Bill Russell and David Falkner. The paper explains that the core of the book's focus is on how to communicate successfully. According to its so-called Russell's Rules, not only do effectual leaders need to become adept at identifying change, but also in dealing with it and making a commitment to use it to their best advantage. The paper reviews each of the book's 11 rules about change, commitment and communication. The author of this paper concludes that he agrees with most of Russell's suggestions, except for in one area. Unlike Russell, the author of this paper does not support change merely for the sake of change. He argues that this is what caused the "New Coke" fiasco, the widespread censure of Windows '98 and a host of other business-related disasters.
From the Paper "Russell also points out that "good questions are more important than easy answers" (Rule #1 of commitment and curiosity) and that "curiosity is a process" (Rule #2). Yet later in the book, the author admits that changing a negative situation into a positive one is not always an easy task. Russell suggests that people can resist change for a number of reasons. These include self-interest, such as instances in which an individual has achieved status, privilege or self-esteem through the effective use of a traditional system. In these cases, the individuals will usually perceive certain changes such as an increase in employee empowerment to be an ominous threat because their ego overshadows their common sense. The author also points out that fear of the unknown is another factor that can facilitate the creation of imaginary barriers to success."
Abstract This paper discusses methods and techniques for dealing with crises related to hostages. The author contends that adept handling by experts can lead to a peaceful resolution of the situation. Experience, expertise, sharp judgment and quick decision-making should be employed for a successful outcome.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Different Situations
Considerations in Negotiation
Team Building
Well Being of Hostage
Movement of Objects
Prolonging the Situation
Rapport Development
Deception Techniques and Lying
Conclusion
From the Paper "Negotiation technique depends upon the circumstances. For example in case of kidnapping the situation can be assessed in four different ways depending upon the kidnappers. "Kidnappers fall into four different categories: the opportunist or novice criminal; the religiously or politically motivated individual; the mentally deranged individual; and the professional criminal" (Zandt, 1993). The situation can also be defined as planned or unplanned. Planned situation occurs in case of political and professional criminals while unplanned situation may arise in case of opportunist or mentally disable person."
