Abstract
The paper looks at George Washington's First Inaugural Address, given in 1789, and his final, departing address as President, given in 1796. In so doing, the paper highlights two major continuities in both of Washington's speeches: his genuine reluctance to be President and his disdain for party politics. At almost the same time, however, the paper looks at how Washington goes from conspicuously mentioning God to supplanting Him with more frequent mention of the Constitution in the second address; quite simply, it is almost as if the Constitution accrued some kind of religious sanctity during the intervening seven years - at least in Washington's eyes - and became a new kind of Bible from which all American statesman should derive their understanding of proper conduct while in office. In the end, the paper presents the argument that there are more continuities than differences, though one major difference there undeniably is.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at George Washington's First Inaugural Address, given in 1789, and his final, departing address as President, given in 1796. In so doing, the next few pages will highlight two major continuities in both of Washington's speeches: his genuine reluctance to be President and his disdain for party politics. At almost the same time, however, the paper will look at how Washington goes from conspicuously mentioning God to supplanting Him with more frequent mention of the Constitution in the second address; quite simply, it is almost as if the Constitution accrued some kind of religious sanctity during the..."

Tags:washington, inaugural, address

Abstract
This paper examines Chinese address terms, their grammatical nature, usage, history of their use, similarities to other languages, and the social dynamics involved in their use. Through the examination of exact terms, the author demonstrates to the reader, the different ways that these terms can be used, depending upon the audience being addressed.

From the Paper
"The extension of kinship terms to non-kin persons like categories 6 and 7 has the goal in Chinese communities of socializing the young into respect for their elders and care for their young. Wu says, "extending the family relationships to outsiders thus fulfills the goal of "one family under the sky" (tianxia yijia)" (1989).Used by the speaker of these terms implies that the rules of behavior are extended to the addressee; or they might even by said to be imposed upon the addressee. If the addressee feels uncomfortable, he can decline the term of address applied to him in this particular relationship. This can happen when the addressee is genuinely modest or when he senses some degree of insincerity in the act. Usually the socializer who confers the address-form is a parent or a caretaker of the child (Hong 1991). But the same discomfort can occur when the term is inconsistent with the addressee's sense of camaraderie."

Tags:address, chinese, culture, grammar, mandarin, name, poper, pronoun, terms, titles, kinmanship, family, beijing, letter, writing, surnames, proletariat, bourgeoisie

Abstract
The paper relates that President Barack Obama's inaugural address was widely praised for its eloquence and statesmanlike quality, and despite the fact that it was not as passionate or energetic in tone as his campaign speeches, it was memorable and has been acclaimed by historians and political scientists as the best inaugural address since President John F. Kennedy's in 1961. The paper describes how in this historic speech, President Obama appealed to Americans of all political points of view to work together to forge a new era of responsibility, and to unify in order to overcome the many challenges facing the United States and the world in the 21st Century.

From the Paper
"President Barack Obama's inaugural address was widely praised for its eloquence and statesmanlike quality, and despite the fact that it was not as passionate or energetic in tone as his campaign speeches, it was memorable and has been acclaimed by historians and political scientists as the best inaugural address since President John F. Kennedy's in 1961. In this historic speech, President Obama appealed to Americans..."

Tags:obama, inaugural, address

Abstract
This paper discusses President George Washington's first inaugural address, given in 1789 and his final, departing address as President, given in 1796. The paper compares and contrasts the two addresses and highlights two major continuities in both of Washington's speeches: his genuine reluctance to be President and his disdain for party politics.

From the Paper
"To close, there are many similarities between the First Inaugural Address of Washington and his final address as President. Most of all, Washington remains steadfast in his contempt of party politics and is consistent in his absence of a driving ambition that made the Presidency anything other than a duty that had to be fulfilled. Yet, God is noticeably less prominent in his second address, and one is left to wonder if the increased prominence of the Constitution suggests that it has almost taken on a sort of religious significance to America's First President. In the end, while Washington may have been unswerving in his revulsion of some things, his affection for other things grew with time."

Tags:politics, party, speech, nation

Abstract
This paper provides an evaluation of Abraham Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address". The evaluation argues that the style and substance in Lincoln's succinct address makes his speech memorable even today and highly significant to audiences then and now, in comparison to the bloated and failed speech delivered prior to him by famed orator of the era, Edward Everett.

From the Paper
"A perusal of both Abraham Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" and Edward Everett's address delivered prior to it, immediately reveals why Lincoln's speech is one of the best remembered and most significant speeches in American history, while Everett's is best and long forgotten. This analysis will show how Lincoln's speech is memorable and significant because of its deeply American, i.e. democratic, themes and its superior style and emotional substance, while demonstrating why Everett's speech was at best, unmemorable and at worst, disastrous."

Tags:Declaration of Independence, Civil War, freedom, democracy, emotional appeals, founding fathers, Confederacy

Abstract
This paper gives an analysis of Robert Jackson's Opening Address to the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal as an appeal to emotion rather than reason. The postwar context in which Jackson's address was given is also presented.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Robert Jackson's opening address to the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal in order to identify the extent to which the speech is fundamentally an appeal to reason or emotion. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which the address was given and then to discuss how it resolves tensions between reason and emotion with a view toward explaining its ultimate purpose. The postwar tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany in which high-ranking Nazi officials were put..."

Tags:Nuremberg trials, war crimes, Nazi, Robert Jackson, rhetoric

Abstract
This essay explores John F. Kennedy's inaugural address of 1961. It looks at the ways in which Kennedy's speech effected America and the world during the Age of Industrialization. Gauging history from the perspective of a refined hindsight telescope, this essay explains the relevance that Kennedy's speech had on the future course of globalization. The essay also highlights parts of Kennedy's address that relate to today's War on Terrorism.

From the Paper
"Kennedy, like Eisenhower before him, faced many obstacles in his search for allies. Initially, polycentrism posed a serious stumbling block for the cause of freedom. Just as there were many nations willing to align themselves with America in the fight for liberty, there were also a plethora of autonomous Communist movements that were spreading Communist ideals throughout Asia and the USSR. Kennedy also confronted problems of apathy and neutralism. Many nations denied the invitation to side with Democracy or Communism feeling that it was in the best interest of their respective nations to abstain from foreign involvement. This further delayed progress and globalization. Aggressive China, with her enormous population and dominant Asian influence, spread the seeds of Communism that grew to bite the heels of American soldiers throughout the long struggles of Vietnam. Kennedy's task was not an easy one. As president, Kennedy made countless attempts to ease conflict with Russia after the Cuban Missile Crisis. In spite of his attempts to ease tensions, Kennedy could not shrink from the fundamental principle of national restraint originally outlined in the Truman Doctrine."

Tags:communism, democracy, doctrine, eisenhower, vietnam, war

Abstract
The paper utilizes the canons of invention and style from the Neo-Aristotelian approach to rhetorical analysis in order to analyze William J. Clinton's 1995 "Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Prayer Service Address" that was a response to Oklahoma's terror attack. The paper examines both the artistic proofs and language of the speech, focusing on Clinton's usage of words and sincerity of rhetoric. The paper presents the persuasive elements of Clinton's words and concludes by explaining the effectiveness and success of the address.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction: Text and Context
Invention: Artistic Proofs
Style
Memory
Arrangement
Conclusion: Final Assessment of Speech

From the Paper
"On April 19, 1995 the unthinkable happened, the Murrah Federal Building had been bombed in Oklahoma City (The bombing, 1996). The bombing was one of the most tragic civilian attacks on American soil to date. One hundred and sixty-eight people, including children, were dead among the ashes of the building. The people of Oklahoma City faced evil, tragedy, death, and the loss of its innocence.
"Four days after Oklahoma's terror attack, President William J. Clinton came to console the mourning. The nation was in distress and Oklahoma was in need of a miracle. American's all alike were in desperate need of a leader to sooth their pain. Clinton's intent was to initiate the healing process for the grieving. He showed empathy and was very sincere by giving hope to those who felt that they had lost everything. His speech used powerful imagery and metaphors to paint the picture of a better tomorrow."

Tags:language, rhetoric, style, arrangement, sincerity, persuasion

Abstract
This paper analyzes Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta Exposition Address". The discussion and analysis of the rhetorical elements of the speech ultimately convey the argument of this paper, which posits that, through the use of rhetorical elements, Washington managed to create an impression that he is for the emancipation of black Americans from slavery, but does not discount the fact that their emancipation means the continuing control of white Americans over the black Americans.

From the Paper
"One of the primary steps towards identifying the elements that will be studied for the rhetorical analysis is to first identify the audience of Washington's speech. This is vital, since the meanings explicitly and implicitly expressed through the style and rhetorical figures utilized in the speech will be applied in the context of the speaker's target audience. Analysis of the speech shows that it has the white (Northern and Southern whites) and black Americans (slaves and freemen) as his primary and target audiences. Reference to the white American audience is expressed in paragraphs 1 to 3, wherein the speaker entices them through the phrase, "Cast down your bucket where you are," in order to entice the white Americans to cooperate with the American society (black Americans, specifically) in the path towards abolishment of and emancipation from slavery. Black Americans, meanwhile, are also targeted in the speech, and Washington includes his fellowmen to discuss how emancipation can be both a privilege and challenge for their community."

Tags:northern, southern, black

Abstract
This paper will discuss the book "Address Unknown" by Katherine Kressmann Taylor, and seek to understand how it does accurately depict Nazi life in Germany. By showing some examples within he text, we can see how this thesis may be proven.