Abstract
This paper presents a negative and a positive aspect of the 2004 National Drug Control Strategy with statistics and examples to support the writer's reasoning. The negative addressed from this policy is that the statistics that used are from surveys from only one source while other sources contradict the information. The positive that is addressed from this policy is the strategy of healing America's drug users by providing treatment to drug addicts who cannot afford such services and the drug courts that seek alternatives for treating the drug user's addictions rather than incarceration.

Outline:
A Negative from the President's Policy
A Positive from the President's Policy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Office of National Drug Control Policy's National Drug Control Strategy only uses data from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) to measure illicit drug use of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders only during the past 30 days. The Monitoring the Future survey of the University of Michigan began surveying 12th graders since 1975 and 8th and 10th graders since 1991 on behaviors and attitudes such as drugs, alcohol, and tobacco (MTF, 2007). The surveys from MTF are the sole means from which the National Drug Control Strategy report evaluates its education policies, programs, and design. The National Drug Control Policy should not base their strategy on using surveys, let alone surveys from one institute. Surveys can be inaccurate for many reasons. Students may be unwilling to report using illegal drugs. The National Research Council concluded in 2001 that, "inaccurate response is particularly acute in surveys of drug abuse, since illegal drug use is a stigmatized behavior and respondents are reluctant to report it accurately" (Males, 2005)."

Tags:courts, addictions

Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal and the final paper that explores the impact of serotonin, dopamine and GABA on impulse control disorders. The paper emphasizes the interactive nature of these three neural transmitters. The paper provides evidence that chemical imbalances in the brain can significantly disrupt or destroy the basic biological ability to control impulsive behaviors. The paper also shows how all research supports the interactive nature of the neuro-chemical basis of behavior.

From the Paper
"Literature from leading physician researchers on impulse related behaviors such as aggression, violence or addictive behaviors such as compulsive gambling states a stronger link exists between serotonin deficits and impulse dyscontrol than previously thought. Even fewer studies have studied adults with conduct disorders that are represented in the comprehensive literature review provided in the research paper. Other studies represented seek to demonstrate the effects of serotonin and the link between serotonin and both dopamine and GABA such that when there is a deficit in serotonin, deficits coexist in the other two."

Tags:serotonin, dopamine, GABA, brain, aggression, violence, addictive, behaviors

Abstract
This paper examines Travis Hirschi's theory of control and what environmental factors influence youth delinquency. The paper then discusses the events and factors that pertain to this theory, which are present in the movie, "The Basketball Diaries". The paper also discusses the four levels of delinquency, according to Hirschi.

From the Paper
"Hirschi was a big proponent of the function of environmental influences on youth to cause delinquency. School of course is the breeding ground for environmental influences on a child that stretch beyond the home. The crossing of the four social bonds, which are in effect parts of the social compact that each person aggress to in entering and participating in society, are broken as the barriers to certain behaviors are dissolved; there are four levels of delinquency according to the Hirschi, where the levels are the four main attributes of the social bond; attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs. These are the four bonds of four bonds that make up Hirschi's Social Control Theory."

Tags:heroin addiction, school sports, peer pressure, hirschi, psychology delinquency

Abstract
The paper discusses impulse control as a quality that is, "one of the core features of the self", and the loss of this impulse control as a factor linked to a spectrum of personal and social problems including addictions and substance abuse, crime, domestic violence, teen pregnancy, school failure, debt and bankruptcy, sexually transmitted diseases, smoking and obesity.

Tags:methodological, assessment, distress

Abstract
The analysis uses the moral principles of beneficence, autonomy, and justice to argue that rehabilitation is a more ethical and moral approach to resolving addiction in society than harsh criminal sanctions as a means of control.

From the Paper
'The creation of a national approach to drug policy has become as much of a controversy as drugs themselves. There is no doubt that the illicit use of controlled substances in the United States represents a significant problem and cause for concern. Drug abuse permeates all layers of American society, cutting across income, age, gender, educational, racial and class barriers. (Nicholson) Because of significant increases in the sale, possession and use of drugs in the U.S., a wave of harsher punishment through legislation..."

Tags:alcohol, drugs, Hughes Act, crime, prison, treatment, substance abuse, prohibition, decriminalization, neurons, relapse

Abstract
The paper addresses the dangers of tobacco use, including secondhand smoke dangers, its potential for abuse and addiction and its effect on the environment.

From the Paper
"The safety of many legal substances has been brought into question over the years and among those substances, tobacco is one that has drawn the greatest controversy. Many people feel that it should be restricted and made a controlled substance as heroin is, while others feel that is too radical a step and believe that the warning on the label should be sufficient. In this paper, I will argue that tobacco should indeed be made a controlled substance just like..."

Tags:tobacco, addiction, heroin, chemicals, cancer, heart disease, sudden infant death syndrome, environment

From the Paper
"Pathological Internet Use or Internet Addiction is a type of impulse control disorder (Holliday 10). Psychologists put it under this category because the effects of chemicals produced in the brain during Internet use haven't been properly documented. The addiction is similar to an obsessive compulsive disorder and is also often compared to alcoholism. "An estimated five to ten percent of people who use the Internet can be classified as having a problem"."

Tags:internet, technology, online, psychology

Abstract
This paper briefly looks at what it means to be an addict and describes various forms of addiction. It looks at some sociological theories about addiction and quitting an addiction and applies these to cigarette and drug addictions.

From the Paper
"Addiction is a strong word, with huge meaning behind it. Saying a person is addicted to something can have very different meanings to everyone. Addiction is an overwhelming craving that makes a person feel out of control. The argument develops around the point of whether a person has control over their addiction or if the addiction controls the person."

Tags:cigarette, drug, addict, control, free, will, quit

Abstract
The writer explains that Marie Winn states that the word addiction is sometimes used jokingly to denote a tendency to overindulge in a pleasurable activity. She proceeds to develop her thesis that watching television must be addictive because many are unable to turn if off. The writer argues that Winn has no valid point and no scientific value, as this encourages the belief that anything requiring will power and self control is addictive, and therefore beyond the control of the individual. The writer shows that the word addiction is not only used loosely, but incorrectly. In conclusion, the paper states that addiction is a specialized condition and that overindulging in pleasurable activities is a habit and not an addiction. The writer states that habits can be broken with the use of self-control and discipline.

From the Paper
"She then goes on to associate virtually all pleasurable feelings with the feelings of an addict relieved of his withdrawal symptoms. This is silly and an exercise in semantically stretching a point beyond any sense of reality. She also goes on to describe the "denial" phenomenon, or the sense addicts have that they are really in control of their habit and "can quit anytime they want to." After defining this psychological dynamic, she mentions that many "television addicts" feel that they can stop whenever they want to. There is no scientific proof that there is any relation between these two states of mind. May be the "TV addict" thinks he can stop when he wants to because he can stop when he wants to. He just doesn't want to.
"The harm of this kind of rational lies in the fact that more activities are described as addictions today than ever before. We frequently hear that someone is addicted to nail-biting, or talking on the phone, or gossiping, as well as watching television, sleeping late, taking naps or reading The National Enquirer. Virtually any activity that is enjoyable to someone can be described as addictive by the loosely woven set of criteria in Winn's essay."

Tags:self-control, discipline, habit, withdrawal

Abstract
This paper explains that the concept of addiction is most often used in the structural context of mental health because the mental health profession is concerned with how to care for the individual who is substance dependent. The author relates that addiction is the sum of the characteristics of unpredictable behavior changes, the inability to maintain impulses and self-control, and the compulsiveness to be gratified through an increase in dependency on the substances abused for pleasure. The paper concludes that the practical results of this conceptual analysis reveal that nurses can better understand and assess the need to care for the addicted client, worker, or family member when they have an increased consciousness about the structural forms that contribute to the solidification of addiction.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Isolating Questions of the Concept
Right Answers
Model Case
Contrary Case
Borderline Case
Invented Case
Social Context
Underlying Anxieties
Practical Results
Results in Language
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The following case story serves as a pure example of all of the elements that comprise concept of addiction. Jim is a 35-year-old Caucasian male who began to "shoot heroin" with coworkers after work. His heroin addiction started out as a half a gram of heroin injected intravenously after work and over two years, grew to two grams of heroin per day. John has begun to let his personal appearance deteriorate. His job performance declined and he was fired. A usual day for him now involves sitting in front of the television in a state of euphoria. His wife and daughter, who live with him, urge him to seek help for his illness. His wife states, ?He has become moody and easily agitated."

Tags:mental, dependent, unpredictable, self-control, care