Abstract The paper examines the issue of expatriate U.S. managers and their cultural adaptation. It provides an overview of the topic and looks at the multiple challenges that expat managers face. The paper looks at the necessary core competencies and attributes as well as the need to develop a multicultural, international workforce.
From the Paper "Expatriate American managers working in such locations as Europe Asia Latin America and the Middle East face multiple challenges that must be met and overcome if they and their companies are to succeed in the global marketplace ..."
Tags: expatriate managers, cultural adaptation, cross-cultural, international business
Abstract This paper looks at Selye's syndrome, known also as General Adaptation Syndrome. Selye was the fist to talk about stress and its cause, starting in the 1920's. The writer discusses that he is credited with discovering what is behind "just feeling sick" and recognizing it is due to the body's response to constant stress. The writer reveals Selye's belief that it is the "wear and tear on the body."
From the Paper "Hans Selye wrote in the front piece of his book 'Stress': 'To those who are under the exhausting nervous strain of pursuing their ideal whatever it may be to the martyrs who sacrifice themselves for others as well as to those hounded by selfish ambition fear jealousy and worst of all by hate. For my stress stems from the urge to help and not to judge But most personally this book is dedicated to my wife who helped so much to ..."
Tags: Seyle's syndrome, General Adaptation Syndrome
Abstract This paper discusses Sister Callista Roy's background, education and remarkable professional rise in conjunction with the nursing model she developed. The paper focuses on the influences on Roy's personally and professionally, and includes a brief literature review on the applicability of the adaptation model to patient care specifically and then from a theoretical standpoint examining philosophical issues of spirituality, family life and influences.
From the Paper "As in any professional environment, theories and theorists are everywhere. The nursing profession is no different, with theorists and theories ranging from Imogene King's Theory of Attainment to Ida Jean Orlando's Nursing Process Theory to Hildegard E. Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Model. However, the most revolutionary theorist who changed the face of nursing and nursing applications theory the most was Sister Callista Roy with the development of the Roy Adaptation Model. Sister Callista Roy was born on October 14, 1939 as the first daughter in an eventual family of 7 boys and 7 girls (Roy, 2003a)."
Abstract The paper explains that Roy's Adaptation Model is a systems model and is focused on outcomes. The paper explores how adaptation refers to the condition of the person in relation to the environment and a system is a set of parts connected to function as a whole for some purpose and does so by virtue of the interdependence of its parts. The paper adds that a system interacts with its environment. The paper discusses how adaptation for Roy means a process and a product. The process is triggered by stress which sets coping behaviors in motion, and those behaviors can be either adaptive or ineffective. The paper explains that adaptation takes place when the person responds to the environment in such a way that the person's goals are promoted.
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses four experiments that she performed that tested her senses as well as the adaptation of those senses. The first experiment described focuses on touch using course sandpaper; second experiment focuses on taste involving sugar water and plain water, the third experiment looks at vision using a flashlight and index cards; and the final experiment tests adaptation to hot and cold water. The paper explains the adaptation of the senese in terms of why the senses adapt and what results positive and negative occur. The writer also discusses why she incurred the results that she did during her experiment.
From the Paper "I took one bowl of cold tap water and placed it in the refrigerator for one hour. After one hour had passed, I turned the tap water on hot and let it run for several minutes until the temperature was not getting hotter. I filled one of the other bowls and placed it on the table. Then, I took the cold water out of the refrigerator and placed it on the table and poured about 1/2 of the cold and 1/2 of the hot water into a third bowl on the table. I sat down. I placed my right hand into the cold water and my left in the hot water."
Abstract The paper explores the different facets of adaptation from the perspective of the expectant mother, environment and the nurse. The paper provides a detailed definition of adaptation and explains that adaptation eventually results in the net improvement of the maternal health of women and their ability to adjust more readily to the challenges of pregnancy. The paper provides case studies that illustrate the role of adaptation in overall maternal health.
Outline:
Concept Overview
Definition
Antecedents
Defining characteristics
Consequences
Contrary Case
Related Case
Borderline Case
Social Context
Underlying Anxiety
Practical Results
Results in Language
From the Paper "Adaptation can be thought of generally as a transition from a previous state to a more suitable state. It often means dealing with a loss of many liberties along with the security of these liberties as well while simultaneously taking up new and unfamiliar responsibilities. In health care, it is a complex concept which can encompass many elements: the health care provider, the hospital or patient environment, the patient's circle of family and friends or most especially, the patient in any number of combinations. This is an important concept to analyze because of the implications in maternal care. This is often a time for life-changing, permanent adjustments in lifestyle, career and personal goals, relationships with one's partner, immediate family and household members (Williams, 1995). By delving into what the concept of adaptation encompasses, this paper endeavors to enable maternal patients and their families to faster embrace the inevitable role of either becoming a parent, transition from being a daughter to a mother, or from parent to grandparent."
Abstract Perhaps no other business understands how people perceive the world as much as the advertising industry. Advertisers tap into the way we react to stimuli, whether visual, auditory or tactile. Through their ads, advertisers are able to influence the way people react to a particular product. The most successful ads tap cause a memorable or emotional response and, most important, trigger purchase. However, advertising campaigns are themselves the products of current social tastes and trends. They are also shaped by the psychological processes of human perception. This paper looks at the perception phenomena of sensory adaptation and how it affects the advertising industry. The first part of the paper discusses the current research on sensory adaptation, how it works and the implications on human behavior. In the second part, the paper discusses examples of how sensory adaptation pushes the advertising industry to constantly create new ads and to generate new ways of selling a product.
From the Paper "Ad campaigns are not meant to last. Even the most successful campaigns ? like the Snapple Lady and Alka Seltzer's Plop-Plop-Fizz-Fizz ? are eventually retired. One reason why agencies and corporations spend so much on advertising is because an ad is only good for a limited period of time. After a while of seeing the same thing over and over, people simply tune out. This is the diminishing return effect caused by sensory adaptation. To keep up, companies will pull an ad and come out with a new one, hoping to once again hook the audience's attention.
In addition to new content, many agencies create ads that are designed to shock. In 1997, for example, The New York Times carried a full-page ad that featured ?Children Made to Order.? The ad maintained that the Gattaca Company could engineer a child based on their parents? preferences for traits like skin color, intelligence and athletic ability. In fact, the ad was not for a bioengineering firm, but for the movie Gattaca. The eye-catching ad succeeded in catching attention by provoking a strong emotional response."
Abstract Organizations must be flexible and adaptable to change if they are to survive in today's rapidly changing and competitive environments. Organizations that remain wed to the past may find themselves being left behind and their very survival threatened. Flexibility and adaptability can only be achieved through the commitment and mindset of the entire organizational culture. This paper examines various ways organizations organize themselves and how managing and leading these organizations play a role in how well these organizations adapt to change in reaching a level of relative equilibrium.
From the Paper "From a rational systems perspective, organizations are designed to attain specific goals by organizing in such a way to lead to maximum efficiency in attaining these goals (Scott, 2003). The focus is on organizational principles in achieving predetermined goals. Three early rational theories were Taylor's Scientific Management, Fayol's Administrative Theory, and Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy.
Taylor's Scientific Management was the belief that it was possible through scientific means to analyze tasks performed by individuals and to pick out those procedures that produced a maximum output with the least amount of energy and resources and that after these tasks were identified, they would become the standard performance measures. Taylor introduced an objective method for determining how fast a job should be done. Taylor's solution was to break down the work tasks into its constituent elements or motions so the work would be done in the "one best way" (Taylor, 1912/1970a, p. 85). Taylor also pushed strongly for standardization in the design and use of tools and advocated that each worker be assigned a specific amount of work based on the results of time study (Locke, 1982). Under Taylor's Scientific Management, the focus was on studying the best procedures at the worker level and then implementing these standards; a bottom-up approach to management was the rational (Scott, 2003)."
Abstract This paper discusses sensory adaption, in which the nerves begin to cease to send as much information to the brain after a prolonged exposure to stimuli.That paper points out that this occurs in all five senses of smell, taste, touch, hearing, and sight. The paper holds that adaptation is a normal part of sensation in the human body, with all sensing receptors of the body sending messages to the areas of the brain that process and deal with it, the occipital area and the thalamus. The paper concludes that, when the senses become overloaded, the sections of the brain, as well as the nerves, adapt to the increased intense stimuli by shutting it off to some extent, and in some cases altogether, until a change in sensation occurs.
From the Paper "The nose senses odors by picking up miniscule odor-bearing particles which are floating about in the air we are breathing. When these particles intercept the moist nerve endings in the interior of the nose, called the sensory receptor cells, there is a spike in the pattern of nerve impulses sent to the thalamus. The nerves may continue to send intense stimulation for a while, but eventually the perception of the intensity declines. This is neurologically explained by the adaptation phenomena. The nerve endings begin to adapt to the new odor and consider it normal, thus ceasing to send so much information about the foreign element in the air with a coordinating decline in the frequency of impulses. Within the brain, the thalamus ceases to respond to an intense pattern of stimulation, as well. Once the odor is gone (say, you walk out of a foul-smelling room), your nose tells you that there is a change once more, perhaps a more pleasant odor it detects (Typo 1)."
Abstract This paper discuses the premise that alterations made in film adaptations of literary sources are a conscious effort to market the film to a contemporary audience. In particular, the paper looks at how Orson Welles' "Othello" and Tim Blake Nelson's "O", two famous film adaptations of "Othello", exemplify this premise and how the alterations made in the films signify social approaches towards the literary status of the play. The paper further examines how Tim Blake Nelson's "O", released in 2001, is intended to make Shakespeare more appealing to a contemporary, young audience. The paper also looks at how, although Orson Welles originally aimed his adaptation at a 1950s audience, with its restoration in 1992, it was then re-marketed, and its 'relevance' changed.
From the Paper "Unlike O, however, Orson Welles' Othello makes very few changes to Shakespeare's language. He does, however, leave out certain lines. For example, in the scene where Iago and Roderigo incite Brabantio, the screenplay jumps from Roderigo's line, 'signor, is all your family within?' to 'transported, with no worse or better guard but with a knave of common hire, a gondolier, to the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor' . In this small section alone, Welles skips thirty nine lines of the play. Among the lines omitted are Iago's racist taunts about Othello, for example, 'an old black ram is tupping your white ewe' (I.i.89-90). A reference to Desdemona as a possession - 'look to your house, your daughter, and your bags' (I.i.81) - is also excluded. "
Abstract This paper describes what is involved in the process of standardization and the process of adaptation in international markets and the factors that determine a multinational company's choice of which process to implement. Since there are higher costs associated with adaptation, the writer explains that by segmenting markets according to different segmentation bases, the company can choose to target those markets in which the strategy of standardization can be implemented. The writer explains the stages of marketing products abroad, what is meant by a product life cycle, and when adaptation or standardization is necessary. An example is given of one company's successful internationalization.
From the Paper "In order to conduct global market segmentation effectively, the management must ensure that market research findings in different international markets are comparable. For example, the segmentation basis must have the same perception in the markets being compared. Therefore, one product being considered as essential in one market must be regarded on the same basis in another market for the comparison to be valid. In order to create comparable findings, the market segments must possess the properties of measurability, size, accessibility, actionability and competitive intensity."
Abstract This paper concludes that the Adaptation Nursing Model can touch the innermost only of the healthy and curably ill patients.
Table of Contents
The Life History of Sister Callista Roy
A Clinical Scenario
The Nursing Process According to the Roy Adaptation Model
Strengths and Weaknesses
Conclusions
From the Paper "Her Adaptation Model had spread far and wide by 1981 and she and her colleagues started giving consultations to other schools on it. Many schools adapted it and soon she was a speaker through the Continent and in other countries. Her other ensuing engagements include a two-year postdoctoral program in Neuroscience Nursing at the University of California at San Francisco where she developed the concept of a holistic person. (Office of the Nurse Theorist); teaching at the graduate level at the same University and at Boston College.; co-chairing Knowledge Conferences hosted by the Boston College School of Nursing from 1996 to 1998 and from 2000 to 2001; and progressively expanding and upgrading her Model. "
A summary of the article "Adaptation, Culture Scale, and the Environmental Crisis" by M.Sahlins and E.R Service which gives an insight into how the scale of a culture dictates how that culture will adapt to its environment.
750 words (approx. 3 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 26.95
Abstract The paper discusses the article "Adaptation, Culture Scale, and the Environmental Crisis" by M.Sahlins & E.R Service. It looks at the interaction of culture and the environment and the role that this interaction plays in damaging the environment and depleting resources. It also examines the character and scope of the world's current environmental crisis.
From the Paper "This quote raises some of the most salient points that are brought out further in the article. First, it notes that the scale of the culture and the concentration of social power have very little to do with the longevity of a civilization on an evolutionary timescale. Second, the quote brings to mind the scale of resource depletion and environmental degradation that accompany large and powerful cultures. Simply put, large, powerful cultures have often depleted their natural resources, and polluted their environment to the extent that their civilization has collapsed."
Tags: civilizations, social, power, cultural, evolution, natural, world
Abstract This paper discusses the essential difference between Tracy Chevalier's book "Girl With a Pearl Earring" and its adaptation as a movie. The paper contends that the process of adapting a book for the big screen is replete with aesthetic and intellectual perils.
From the Paper "People with intellectual aspirations often posit that books are better than films. But, this is not true. Certainly there are some books that are better than most movies and some movies that are better than most books. But even such a general comparison is difficult to make for when we compare books and movies to each other we are engaging in the traveling comparison of apples and oranges. And, the essential difference between the two movies and books, in this case not apples and oranges, ensures that the..."
Abstract Dying of an illness such as cancer is a prolonged and progressive process. The progression is one of living with cancer to dying with cancer (Chapman & Pepler, 1998). Grief is not merely centered on death but is also anticipatory since it also takes place because of impending losses as well as changes in the patient abilities. Grief is a matter of adaptation to various losses and is reflected through a variety of changes which include behavioral, cognitive, and spiritual changes. This paper explains how the Roy adaptation model can be applied to the grieving process involved with a terminal illness since the persons affected are in constant interaction with a changing environment.
