Abstract
This paper examines the increasing complexity of human computer interaction, and the active efforts to decrease this complexity and increase computer usability through various methods. First, the paper discusses customization in which the user himself/herself makes certain changes to the system to suit their individual needs. Then, it takes an in-depth look at adaptive graphical interfaces, which should help users to accomplish their tasks with fewer actions. Today's most common adaptive graphical interfaces are further described. Additionally, the paper addresses adaptive navigation support for hypermedia systems, which has also been explored as a means of personalizing or adapting user interface. The paper concludes by noting that the importance ascribed to graphical user interfaces demonstrates why having adaptive mechanisms inbuilt into the system as well as providing some degree of control to the user is recommended.

From the Paper
"Adaptive graphical interfaces can not only improve a user's performance but also system performance and quality of human computer interaction. Such interfaces can help to get rid of problems arising from information overflow or system complexity. (Benyon, Accommodating Individual Differences through an Adaptive User Interface); (Schneider-Hufschmidt, Adaptive User Interfaces Class 8113d, Fall 94); (Karwowski, 1004) Adaptive graphical interfaces possess a tremendous amount of potential for providing assistance to a broad range of users operating across a wide span of work contexts. Plenty of research has gone into the development of such systems. Computer systems can be made adaptable if it is provided with an appropriate theory of interaction along with the necessary instructions of how this interaction can be improved. The representations and structure offered at the interface can be made to complement the user's individual needs, desires and preferences if the computer is arranged to alter its functioning."

Tags:human-computer interaction, customization, Adaptive User Interface, Graphical User Interface

Abstract
The paper analyzes the balance between adaptive and normative on the language of genre in this educational analysis. The paper discusses how the need for normative genre principles are just as valued as the adaptive process needed for creating new perspectives in a diversified genre perspective. The paper notes that while critics and scholars do not always agree on the terms for which this balance is achieved, they often provide the criterion that argues for genre adaptation to help stave off limitations in normative standards that may be holding back the progress of the student.

Tags:genre, writing, teacher

Abstract
In this article, the writer describes the considerations of an adaptive leader that are related to the management of change. The writer also evaluates how those factors impact followers in implementing change. The writer notes that while the changes occurring globally are perhaps exciting, those same changes are calling upon leadership and demanding new ways to deal with new and emerging challenges requiring innovation in leadership. The writer points out that traditional practices may no longer be successful and the historical leadership methods may not be sufficient for leading today's workers in the global workforce. Today's workforce is diverse characterized by differential learning levels and various experiential backgrounds. The writer concludes that the adaptive leader is one who is able to intuitively and with intent make decisions and solve problems while empowering those whom are being led.

Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Framework of Study
Literature Review
Summary & Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Adaptive leadership has the responsibilities of setting the direction in times of change. Where the leader would in the technical or routine situation be responsible for defining problems and making the provision of solutions, the adaptive leader will instead, make identification of the adaptive challenge and frame the key questions and issues prior to seeking a solution. The leader is responsible in routine situations to shield the organization from threats that are external to the organization but in times of change, the adaptive leader will allow the organization to experience the pressures that are external to the organization but only to the extent that the employees can manage the pressure being experienced. The leader of an organization has the responsibility within the area of orientation of employees to their duties and responsibilities to clarify the employee's roles and responsibilities but in times of change the adaptive leader will need to challenge the current roles of employees and will be resistant to any pressures that wish for new roles to be defined quickly. In times when everything in the organization is ticking along as usual conflict management requires that the leader restore order to the organization and its systems however, during times of change the adaptive leader must let the conflict emerge, in order for it to be exposed, resolved and effectively purged. In times of routine organizational management the leader is required to assist in maintenance of the organization's norms to keep thing running smoothly however, during times of change it will be necessary for leadership to adapt and challenge the norms that work against productivity in the organization. Heifertz and Laurie relate that while those being led desire the organizational environment to be comfortable, stable and for their leaders to provide answers, effective leaders ask their employees the difficult questions and remove the employees from their zone of comfort and then the leader takes responsibility for managing the distress that ensues."

Tags:leadership, workforce, practices, responsibilities

Abstract
This paper examines the main characteristics of the environmental zones of Patagonia and the Amazon Basin. The paper discusses the revelation that human adaptive systems were constrained or limited to bands in the case of Patagonia, villages in the case of terra firme Amazonia, and chiefdom in the case of the Amazonian region.

From the Paper
"Environmental Zones and Human Adaptive Systems: Each of these respective human adaptive systems developed in response to the environmental realities presented by each of these geographical regions. The implications of the relationship between environmental zones and the characteristic adaptive system each zone influenced are evident, for the Band-Village-Chiefdom heuristic in South America reveals that human societies and cultures generally develop in response to the availability or lack of availability of food."

Tags:environment, and, amazon

Abstract
The paper describes the general features of the adaptive immune system (especially in relation to innate immunity) in vertebrates, delineates the processes that took place for this complex system to evolve and the reasons behind its evolution.

From the Paper
"Microscopic organisms are the most ubiquitous form of life throughout the biosphere. Many of them are parasitic and cause disease. To protect themselves against invasion by pathogens and even cells from an organism of the same species, all animals possess the means to systematically distinguish and eliminate non-self. Based on the diversity, flexibility and specificity of recognition and effector mechanisms, however, the complexity of this system varies across metazoan phyla. From relatively simple histocompatibility reactions mediated by interleukin-like proteins in sponges, to sophisticated interplay of the innate and adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates, the increased intricacy of the immune response is positively correlated with such features as: complex morphology, increased size and lifespan as well as K-selected reproductive strategy. Thus, the fact that vertebrates exhibit all of the aforementioned characteristics may be the key reason why they are the only group of animals with an adaptive immunity."

Tags:aids, biology, cells, evolutionary, human, immunity, immunology

Abstract
Adaptive automation is apparently a solution to the problems arising from the shortcomings of the more traditional automations. This paper deals with the practical application of adaptive automation to the world of information technology and the revolution it can bring in the ever changing and ever-agile world of business.

Paper Outline:

Abstract
Adaptive Automation
Implementation of Adaptive Automation
Application of Adaptive Automation to IT
Removal of the Human Factor in Support
Changing Business Rules
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"As the adaptive automation is brought into the lime light not only will it help decreasing human errors but would also eliminate the unnecessary human intervention.
This technology would itself adapt as its name suggests to the changing data processes, make the necessary changes automatically and thus improve the system's function and agility".

Tags:ZLE, Meta, infrastructure, RSA, encryption

Abstract
This paper examines the link between two airlines - Southwest Airlines and Lauda Air and the business-level adaptive strategy model originally conceived by Miles and Snow. It positions the two airlines within the model, stating their strategic characteristics as a defender, prospector or analyser. Comparisons are made between the styles and products of the two airlines. The benefits of using benchmarking principles to improve financial and commercial performance is also discussed.

Outline
The Miles and Snow Typolopgy
The Defender
The Prospector
The Analyser
Southwest Airlines
A Cut-Price Airline
Robbins' (1994) Evaluation of Southwest
Benchmarking Southwest's Performance
Lauda Air
An Innovative Carrier
Driving the Future
Benchmarking Lauda Air's Performance
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The defender strategy is generally used by businesses in a stable, established industry environment, or an environment viewed as that by the company. Defenders pursue permanence and strength by focussing on a specific product for a specific market. Businesses using this type of strategy act aggressively to defend their product, preventing new competition to penetrate their niche market (Robbins, et. al., 1997). Defenders are often ignorant towards industry developments, primarily focussing on their own product and improving it's own efficiency. Therefore, defenders are subject to minimal growth and innovation, but increased efficiency."

Tags:analyser, aviation, benchmarking, defender, kelleher, lauda, prospector, reactor

Abstract
This paper discusses how in 1888 the New Jersey Home for the Education and Care of Feebleminded Children opened its doors to 55 children. Prior to this date there had not been a school dedicated to assisting those with learning disabilities to function in daily life. By 1892 the school adopted a cottage plan that allowed the students to live in cottages on campus and further assist them with their abilities to live independently. By 1900 the school's name had changed to the New Jersey Training School and was operated under the direction of Edward R. Johnstone. Johnstone worked with Henry Goddard to open a psychological research lab in which the "mental deficiencies" of the students could be studied.

Tags:vineland, adaptive, behavior

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Roy Adaptation Model is a model for nursing practice that reflects the person's adaptation to his or her environment. The writer discusses that within the model there are four specific adaptive modes that serve as subsystems for the individual or group.

From the Paper
"These subsystems are: * Physiologic-physical: Focusing on the individual this adaptive mode pertains to the individual's basic needs and the "four complex processes". In relationship to the group it ..."

Tags:adaptation, model

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that while studying under Dorothy Johnson at University of California Los Angeles in 1964, Sr. Roy proposed that the goal of nursing was promoting patient adaptation. The writer discusses that in order to achieve patient adaptation Sr. Roy believed that there needed to be a specific problem solving system that all nurses would follow. Sr. Roy's problem solving approach was centered on the gathering of data, identifying the needs of the human adaptive system, selecting and implementing the best type of nursing care and evaluation of the care provided.

From the Paper
""The model provides a way of thinking about people and their environment that is useful in any setting. It helps one prioritize care and challenges the nurse to move the patient from survival to transformation." Sr. Calista Roy. The above quote by Sr. Calista Roy demonstrates her belief that nursing is a way of life, a way of looking at the environment around you and manipulating that environment to get the most out of it. There are 5 interrelated essential elements in Sr. Calista Roy's theory of ..."

Tags:patient, care, outcome