Abstract
This paper discuses the premise that alterations made in film adaptations of literary sources are a conscious effort to market the film to a contemporary audience. In particular, the paper looks at how Orson Welles' "Othello" and Tim Blake Nelson's "O", two famous film adaptations of "Othello", exemplify this premise and how the alterations made in the films signify social approaches towards the literary status of the play. The paper further examines how Tim Blake Nelson's "O", released in 2001, is intended to make Shakespeare more appealing to a contemporary, young audience. The paper also looks at how, although Orson Welles originally aimed his adaptation at a 1950s audience, with its restoration in 1992, it was then re-marketed, and its 'relevance' changed.

From the Paper
"Unlike O, however, Orson Welles' Othello makes very few changes to Shakespeare's language. He does, however, leave out certain lines. For example, in the scene where Iago and Roderigo incite Brabantio, the screenplay jumps from Roderigo's line, 'signor, is all your family within?' to 'transported, with no worse or better guard but with a knave of common hire, a gondolier, to the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor' . In this small section alone, Welles skips thirty nine lines of the play. Among the lines omitted are Iago's racist taunts about Othello, for example, 'an old black ram is tupping your white ewe' (I.i.89-90). A reference to Desdemona as a possession - 'look to your house, your daughter, and your bags' (I.i.81) - is also excluded. "

Tags:tim, nelson, orson, welles

Abstract
This paper shows how the role of Hamlet has changed throughout the ages. The Jacobean English adaptations see Hamlet as a hero revenging wrongs set up against himself, focusing on his melancholy and malcontentism. The same character in eighteenth century German society was different and the version of the play was simplified. The paper looks at how the changes in society directly influenced the way that the play was performed and the character of Hamlet portrayed.

From the Paper
"The Jacobean English interpretation of Hamlet sees Hamlet as a romantic avenger. But what is it really that makes Hamlet so romantic? The grief of his father's murder and the humiliation of his mother's marriage influence the unhappiness in Hamlet's soul, but there are other numerous tragedies that happen around him. "

Tags:criticism, english, german, literary, jacobean

From the Paper
"As soon as humans crossed the land bridge to the Americas and began to settle here they also began a process of adaptations to their new world. Some of these adaptations would prove successful and some less so, although the definition of human success is sufficiently complex to preclude any simple assessment of various adaptations. This paper briefly reviews the idea of both cultural and biological adaptations before looking specifically at the types of adaptations made by two American Indian groups that settled in Southern California with an attempt to assess the functionality of their choices.


The fact that American Indians have been dramatically reduced in population and power in the last half-millennium indicates that at some level their adaptations were dysfunctional ones. However, a tenet of evolutionary theory is that one can..."

Abstract
This paper finds that the rise of the Internet found newspapers unprepared for the changes that occurred. It finds further that those papers which cannot adapt to the changing environment have failed, and that this trend will continue in the future. The paper explains that the newspapers that emphasize paper are doomed to oblivion, while those that emphasize news will be able to survive through adaptation. The paper relates that among the most common adaptations in the acquisition and development of web-based offshoots for such things as classified advertising. The paper also notes that the presence of entities such as craigslist present serious models of ways that the Internet may gradually overtake entire functions.

From the Paper
"Time was when a newspaper was pretty much its own medium. Readers wishing to comment could write letters to the editor, or perhaps cancel a subscription if they felt too offended, but the notion of instant feedback to the newspaper was beyond conception. No more. Even the print media that have not gone to online editions have e-mail addresses for virtually every writer, department, columnist, reporter, whatever, has a posted e-mail address. Many periodicals and newspapers are available on-line., or have on-line supplements. In short, the Internet has had a profound and pervasive influence on more conventional media."

Tags:newspapers, internet, adaptation

Abstract
This paper explains that integration into the American culture starts with a change in the mindset of persons: the adaptations taken by individuals in their personal life in order to be a part of the rhythm of a new country also will affect the integration process in their professional lives. The author points out that the language question of whether or not an immigrant should know English, or even has to know English for daily life, is not easily answered because the United States does not have an official language; contrary to common belief, this factor was never established in any government publication. The paper stresses that the integration into the American business and public culture is a vital part of becoming an independent and successful member of society both for foreigners coming to the United States and for Americans going overseas.

From the Paper
"Through my previous visa process, I learned that there are behavioral standards that are expected of immigrants, which do in part include the adaptation of American values and believes. For example as an Immigrant you are questioned about whether or not you support the Constitution of the United States and whether you will follow and abide by the laws of the U.S., which in my eyes for a number of people does reflect an adaptation of culture. For example, women in Iran do not have the right to vote, yet as an immigrant in the United States you most certainly can vote after naturalization (reaching of citizenship status). Further, other cultural changes which reflect in everyday life are made. In South America it is customary to take a siesta during the warm hours of the day and resume work later in the day, in the United States this is not the case."

Tags:integration, mindset, professional, language, independent

Abstract
The paper examines the novel "Heart of Darkness" (1902) by Joseph Conrad and compares it to the film "Apocalypse Now" (1979) by Francis Ford Coppola. The paper demonstrates in this essay that the original themes of Conrad's story were maintained in Coppola's film. However, the paper shows how the socio-political context of Conrad's work was altered to make the film more relevent to modern audiences.

From the Paper
"Novels are often adapted into films. However, these adaptations often change the socio-political contexts of the source novels. This is done so that modern audiences will be about to appreciate the themes of the novel within a familiar socio-political context. In this essay the novel "Heart of Darkness" (1902) by Joseph Conrad will be examined. It will be compared with the film "Apocalypse Now" (1979) by Francis Ford Coppola. It will be clearly demonstrated in this essay that the original themes of Conrad's story were maintained in Coppola's film. However, the socio-political context of Conrad's work was altered in..."

Tags:film, context, literature

Abstract
This paper examines the increasing complexity of human computer interaction, and the active efforts to decrease this complexity and increase computer usability through various methods. First, the paper discusses customization in which the user himself/herself makes certain changes to the system to suit their individual needs. Then, it takes an in-depth look at adaptive graphical interfaces, which should help users to accomplish their tasks with fewer actions. Today's most common adaptive graphical interfaces are further described. Additionally, the paper addresses adaptive navigation support for hypermedia systems, which has also been explored as a means of personalizing or adapting user interface. The paper concludes by noting that the importance ascribed to graphical user interfaces demonstrates why having adaptive mechanisms inbuilt into the system as well as providing some degree of control to the user is recommended.

From the Paper
"Adaptive graphical interfaces can not only improve a user's performance but also system performance and quality of human computer interaction. Such interfaces can help to get rid of problems arising from information overflow or system complexity. (Benyon, Accommodating Individual Differences through an Adaptive User Interface); (Schneider-Hufschmidt, Adaptive User Interfaces Class 8113d, Fall 94); (Karwowski, 1004) Adaptive graphical interfaces possess a tremendous amount of potential for providing assistance to a broad range of users operating across a wide span of work contexts. Plenty of research has gone into the development of such systems. Computer systems can be made adaptable if it is provided with an appropriate theory of interaction along with the necessary instructions of how this interaction can be improved. The representations and structure offered at the interface can be made to complement the user's individual needs, desires and preferences if the computer is arranged to alter its functioning."

Tags:human-computer interaction, customization, Adaptive User Interface, Graphical User Interface

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Roy Adaptation Model is a model for nursing practice that reflects the person's adaptation to his or her environment. The writer discusses that within the model there are four specific adaptive modes that serve as subsystems for the individual or group.

From the Paper
"These subsystems are: * Physiologic-physical: Focusing on the individual this adaptive mode pertains to the individual's basic needs and the "four complex processes". In relationship to the group it ..."

Tags:adaptation, model

Abstract
This paper first reviews what neurotransmitters are and their relationship to the peripheral and central nervous systems. Two neurotransmitters are reviewed in detail and then their relationship to psychological disorders are reviewed. The second part of the paper completes four experiments and then relates the findings from these sensory activities. These activities are then analyzed for understanding the idea of adaption and how adaption has been helpful in evolution.

Tags:neurotransmitter, adaption, evolution

Abstract
The paper examines the issue of expatriate U.S. managers and their cultural adaptation. It provides an overview of the topic and looks at the multiple challenges that expat managers face. The paper looks at the necessary core competencies and attributes as well as the need to develop a multicultural, international workforce.

From the Paper
"Expatriate American managers working in such locations as Europe Asia Latin America and the Middle East face multiple challenges that must be met and overcome if they and their companies are to succeed in the global marketplace ..."

Tags:expatriate managers, cultural adaptation, cross-cultural, international business