Abstract
This paper discusses the contributions of Robert Adam to architecture, with an emphasis on his design innovations. These include his introduction of the classical revival style in both architecture and interior decoration during the last half of the 1700s. The paper describes Adam as reacting against the Neo-Palladian styles that was in vogue in the first part of the century. The paper also touches on some of the artistic works that influenced Adam's style, such as Etruscan vases. Adam's interior design is also examined and noteworthy examples of his architecture and interior design are cited with illustrations.

Outline:
Interior and Exterior Designs Preceding and During the Time of Robert Adam
Adam's Visual Design Composition
Contextural Design
Adam's influence on Early Neoclassical Design
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The materials used by the designers during the 18th century reflected the industrial revolution, in that they were able to utilize improved older materials. Bricks were fired at higher temperatures and became different colors. Stucco and ceramic tiles were also utilized, with decorative or highly colored motifs that carried designs or imitated brick. Improved casting techniques allowed designers to use decorative ironwork to create delicate, Neoclassical patterns that were used in balconies and window frames. Structural ironwork was also used in staircases, increases and iron plates that helped fireproof structures. "

Tags:Robert, Adam, England, Classical, Revival, architecture, interior, design

Abstract
The paper relates that Adam Smith, the eighteenth-century Scottish teacher and intellectual, published his seminal "The Wealth of Nations" in 1776, changing the face of economics forever. The paper relates that Smith's work, while influenced by currents of economic thought in his era, was a fundamental departure from what had come before. The paper explains that "Wealth of Nations" was revolutionary in at least four ways: it put 'economic man' rather than 'moral man' at the center of its worldview, taking what is rather than what ought to be as its point of departure; it introduced scientific analysis and methods to what had been (and, through figures such as Marx, continued to be) an overly philosophical field of inquiry; it was unafraid to advocate the profit motive in a environment that associated such a motive only with Jews, and considered it depraved and sinful; and it planted the seed that would sprout into the marginal revolution of the nineteenth century.

Tags:adam, smith, wealth

Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes the contributions of Adam Smith to the study of economics. The paper gives particular attention to the concepts of comparative and absolute advantage.

From the Paper
"According to an essay published on Wikipedia online Adam Smith's book 'An Inquiry into the Nature and the Causes of the Wealth of Nations' is considered the starting point for most discussions, defenses and critiques of capitalism. Smith explained that the invisible hand results in the right products being produced in the correct quantities. For example, if a product shortage occurs its price rises. This creates an incentive to increase production, eventually eliminating the shortage. If a labor shortage occurs..."

Tags:biography, adam smith, capitalism, the wealth of nations, comparative advantage, absolute advantage

Abstract
The paper portrays the feelings expressed in this painting, how they offer a duality of good and evil, but also the sadness and depression of being a mortal human, in Adam and Eve's expression in this piece. The paper discusses how in many ways, the heads being linked together beneath the Tree of Knowledge helps to explain why they must always dually remember their act, regardless of the fact that Eve committed the act initially alone.

From the Paper
"The art study will examine a painting depicting Adam and Eve joined at the head to the Tree of Knowledge. In many ways, the sadness of the painting reinforces the Biblical contract with God, which Eve broke in order to eat an apple off of this ancient tree of good and evil. The sadness in their expressions forges this alliance of loss and shame, as Adam and his wife were eventually expelled from the Garden of Eden for this act."

Tags:adam, eve, art

Abstract
This paper explains that Adam Smith thought that the separation of ownership and control raised serious questions about the management of joint-stock companies and led him to analyze the agency problem. The author points out that Adam Smith and Karl Marx agree that an advantage of the joint-stock company is that it allows entrepreneurs to put together large sums of money and capital; furthermore, Marx concludes that the joint-stock form leads to a "tremendous expansion in the scale of production and enterprises, which would be impossible for individual capitals." The paper states that Karl Marx would have called Adam Smith's hunters simple commodity producers with each hunting with his own relatively simple weapon in a forest, which is open to all, and satisfying his needs by exchanging his excess catch against the products of other hunters.

From the Paper
"Competition is another quantitative aspect of economics. One first needs to examine the conditions under which exchange ratios would correspond exactly to labor -time ratios. We begin with Adam Smith's famous deer-beaver example, "If among a nation of hunters, for example, it usually costs twice the labor to kill a beaver which it does to kill a deer, one beaver should naturally exchange for or be worth two deer. It is natural that what is usually the produce of two days' or two hours' labor, should be worth double of what is usually the produce of one days' or one hours' labor.""

Tags:management, agency, competition, expansion, commodity

Abstract
This paper reviews the two different versions of the story of Adam and Eve as we know it, the biblical version and the version from John Milton's "Paradise Lost". It examines how in both stories, Adam and Eve exist in a state of perfection before the fall of mankind and how Paradise (Eden) provides the idyllic setting in which Adam and Eve relish their divinely ordained and human love. It looks at how the relationship between Adam and Eve in Milton's "Paradise Lost" is psychologically more complex than it is in the Hebrew Bible and how in both stories, the couple enjoy their relative freedom before the fall, but they also act out certain roles and patterns.

From the Paper
"Adam and Eve delight in their innocent existence and taintless love until the serpent executes his plan. In fact, Adam and Eve can be said to be co-dependent. There exists throughout Paradise Lost the implication that mundane love must not undermine divine love. Because Adam's love for God does not supersede his love for God, he chooses to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. Fearful of losing Eve, Adam disobeys his creator and contributes to the fall of mankind. Adam's rationality and obedience did not weigh as much as his passion for his earthly partner. Almost as if their love was too good to be true, Adam and Eve succumb to the fate predicted by the angels."

Tags:god, angels, serpent, eden, tree, of, knowledge, satan

Abstract
There have been numerous philosophers and even thinkers in economics who have put forward their theories. This paper discusses two major philosophers of economics, Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes. It looks at how Adam Smith, known commonly as the father of modern economics, influenced the growth of economic theory and the evolution of modern, market-based societies. It also discusses how the second great revolution in economic thought was by John Maynard Keynes and how his theory of Employment, Interest and Money bestows to academia a different way of looking at the aggregate economic universe.
Outline
Introduction
Adam Smith
John Maynard Keynes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Smith was in support of free trade. He derived his support for free trade among nations by centering it on the obvious desirability of trade among individuals: "It is the maxim of every prudent master of a family, never to attempt to make at home what it will cost him more to make than to buy". Though Smith is usually thought to have relied on the Theory of Absolute Advantage to gain his support for free trade. According to Smith, free trade not only extended the extent of the market and, thereby, permitted greater division of labor; free trade also increased productivity by allowing countries to specialize in what they do well. In Smith's view of the workings of the market system, any short-run deviation of the market price from the long-run price would activate the forces of competition which would ultimately take the market price to its long-run level."

Tags:employment, interest, market, free, trade

Abstract
A. D. Hope, for decades the grand old man of Australian poets, was
known as the best seventeenth century poet still writing, in part because his poetry is steeped in conventional English verse, and in part, because he appropriates the mythic and erotic themes of his predecessors. This paper shows that of Hope's erotic poetry, "Imperial Adam" ranks first, even though the last, disturbing line jolts the reader and the genre. The Old Testament says only that "Adam knew Eve," and poets as illustrious as John Milton have tried to dilate that laconic report into a comparative literary significance. Milton, a religionist and theological scholar, colored the first human sexual encounter so powerfully that he created a new orthodoxy about it. This paper shows how "Imperial Adam" counters the Miltonic version with unparalleled physicality; angels and theology disappear and Eve discloses shameless ringlets and pubic hair.

From the Paper
"One needs to keep in mind, as Hart insists, that interpreting poetic language presents pitfalls and perceptions not found in other genres. In "Imperial Adam," for example, Eve seems tumid not from innocence but from anticipation. Her mind has fallen. Hart suggests that she may be "insidious and deceitful" at the outset, capable of communing with snakes and worshiping fruit. If the poem falters, he argues, it is because Hope's satire of medieval theology and complementary literary works is overdone (79). The question of misogyny brings up two points. The first point is whether it derails an offended reader from the poem as a whole. The second point is whether the critical practice of apologizing for precursor writers is material to reading an autotelic poem. A. D. Hope and John Milton need no rehabilitation. Hope's overtly erotic poems, like "The Countess of Pembroke's Dream" and "Teaser Rams" bear a closer resemblance to John Donne's "Elegies" than to a few passages in Paradise Lost. Like W. B. Yeats, Hope wrote a number of his sexual poems at an age when most men have retired."

Tags:myth, satire, garden, eden

Abstract
This paper explores the idea that Adam and Eve are actual children and God is an actual father to them. It attempts to understand why they disobeyed God's command in the Garden of Eden by considering their behavior to that of children who disobey their parents. It examines how all children disobey their parents at one time or another and how there are several causes, the main one being that children understandably lack the knowledge to know right from wrong. In Adam and Eve's case, they couldn't know right because they couldn't know wrong. It also uses the analogy of Adam and Eve to discuss the theories behind preventative measures against disobedience such as warnings and punishment.

From the Paper
"In the beginning, Adam and Eve were content in their Paradise. They would never question God's word. Eve though they did not know the difference, they were happy. Early in life, for example, as babies we are unaware of much around us, but we know when we are happy. Unfortunately, as children begin to get older, they begin to wonder about absolutely everything. It's natural for children to be curious about things. It is especially natural for children to ask "why this" and "why that" when something is forbidden to them. If Adam and Eve are considered children, rather than adults, then maybe we can begin to understand why they disobeyed God's command."

Tags:disobedience, punishment, behavior, garden, eden

Abstract
This paper compares the characters of Adam and Eve in Milton's novel. The experiences of Adam and Eve are compared, beginning with a description of how they each recall their own creation. This is followed by a discussion of how they each recall their first meeting. This continues with a discussion of how this impacted on the relationship that developed and eventually led to Eve leading Adam into temptation and the eating of the forbidden fruit which marked their downfall.

From the Paper
"Firstly, to consider Eve's creation. Eve recalls her creation when she "first awaken...much wondering where / And what I was. Whence thither brought, and how? (IV, 450 - 452). The first thing that Eve does is walk towards the sound of water and look at her reflection in the lake. Eve looks at her reflection in the water and recalls, "Pleased it returned as soon with answering looks / Of sympathy and love; there I had fixed / Mine eyes til now, and pined with vain desire" (IV, 464 - 466). Eve immediately recognizes the beauty of this reflection, without initially realizing that she is looking at herself. This shows that Eve is not necessarily vain, she is simply recognizing beauty she sees before realizing it is her own beauty. In Eve's creation then, she immediately becomes aware that she is a creature of beauty and sees this as her purpose. She also realizes that her purpose is to be a mother and to please her male partner. As Eve recalls, "Whose image thou art, him thou shalt enjoy / Inseparably thine, to him thalt shall bear / Multitudes like thyself, and thence be called / Mother of human race" (IV, 472 - 475). This shows that Eve immediately becomes aware that she has been created for the purpose of pleasing Adam and for being a mother. It is also important to note that Eve does not view herself as answering to God, but places Adam of higher importance. In her memories of how she responded to creation, she mentions only herself and Adam, but does not mention God. This is a reflection of the fact that Eve was specifically created for Adam."

Tags:creation, god, temptation, influence, forbidden, apple, downfall