Abstract This paper provides a discussion of types of evidentiary rulings which give rise to successful criminal appeals. It looks at evidentiary errors at trial as grounds for appeal and major trends in criminal appeals.
From the Paper "This research paper discusses the evidentiary issues most commonly used in successful criminal appeals in American state and federal courts. It is dangerous to generalize on this subject because the record of proceeding ..."
This paper looks at the history of the Guardian ad Litem system, a system of volunteers and attorneys representing children who are victims of child abuse and neglect.
Abstract This paper examines the history of the Guardian ad Litem system, which is a system of volunteers and attorneys who represent children who are victims of child abuse and neglect. They investigate a case and make a report to the judge. The paper looks at how effective the program has been and some of the problems it presents.
From the Paper "Historically it has always been believed that parents took care of their children's best interests but this fallacy became apparent when Dr Henry C. Kempe published "The Battered Child Syndrome" and it was recognized for the first time that such a clinical condition existed and threatened a child's life.
Tags: Guardian ad litem (GAL), Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA)
Abstract This paper explores Nike's promotional strategies via print, television and radio. The paper identifies the promotional message and describes how this message is being expressed through these outlets. |The paper shows how Nike's message appeals to its target audience and then analyzes its use of psychographics. The paper also describes which part of the product life cycle Nike is in and how it affects Nike's pricing strategy.
From the Paper "Nike Shoes. According to an article in "USA Today," the Nike Corporation has been creating some of the most talked-about ads for the last years. The article describes how these memorable ads featuring stars including Bo Jackson, Tiger Woods and Michael Jordan have kept Nike at the top of the athletic shoe business. Fond Memories of Past: Nike Ads. Nike uses psychographics to identify personality characteristics and attitudes that affect a person's lifestyle and purchasing behavior."
Tags: print, television and radio. promotional messages, adappeal, demographics, target audience, target market, psychographicsproduct life cycle, growth, maturity, decline, price premium
Abstract This paper reviews and analyzes the death penalty appeals process. The paper discusses the arguments that exist both for against and the long process that characterizes court appeal of a sentence of the death penalty.
Outline:
Introduction
Critical Analysis of Death Penalty Appeals Process
Summary
From the Paper "The appeals process as related to the appeal of being sentenced to death is a long procedure which takes many years to transverse through. The inherent problem exists in that the government is responsible for feeding, housing, clothing and providing medical care for the individual who is on death row waiting out the appeals process however, that problem is much easier overcome than other problems associated with the death penalty itself. One of these problems is illustrated in the failure of courts to focus attention upon evidence at the time it presented itself but have instead taken the lives of innocent individuals not guilty of the crimes for which they were sentenced to die and then finally put to death."
Abstract This paper examines the process of death row appeals. The paper explains how an inmate on death row has the ability to appeal their case in the U.S. justice system at a number of levels, finally reaching the Supreme Court. The paper includes a number of real-life examples of the appeal process, as well as quotes from lawyers and journalists about the system.
From the Paper "There are few instances in which the conviction was altered after successive appeals but that only violates the right of the society to make criminals pay for their actions. It is true that in some cases innocent people may be put on death row but for that one appeal should be enough. There is no need to give unlimited appealing right as that would gives some real criminals to plea bargain. Many will get life imprisonment instead of execution even though they deserve to be put to death."
Abstract This paper explains that AD/HD refers to a family of related chronic neurobiological disorders that interfere with an individual's capacity to regulate activity levels, inhibit behavior, and attend to tasks in developmentally appropriate ways. The author points out that the diagnosis of AD/HD in adults is made even more problematic by the requirement of symptoms before age seven because adults patients may not be able to recall symptoms relating to their experiences in the past; therefore, another part of the diagnosis is often a joint interview with both the patient and a family member or spouse. The paper relates that, since many problems in the lives of adults with AD/HD are directly related to the disorder, tailored treatments are often the best approaches; the four basic methods are medial, educational, behavioral, and psychological.
From the Paper "In addition to the above general requirements for AD/HD diagnosis, each category of AD/HD also has specific requirements. For an AD/HD predominately Inattentive diagnosis, six of a possible nine symptoms must be present in the patient for more than six months, and those symptoms must be abnormal for the patient's developmental level. The symptoms include frequent inattention to detail or carelessness in schoolwork or other activities, difficultly in maintaining attention, frequent non-adherence to instructions and failure to complete tasks in schoolwork, chores, or work related activity. Additional symptoms include failure to listen when spoken to directly, difficulty with organization, avoidance, dislike, or reluctance to tasks requiring sustained mental effort, such as homework, frequent misplacement of materials, frequent forgetfulness, and a tendency to be easily detracted."
Abstract Henry David Thoreau's "Appeal to Civil Disobedience" has an interesting rhetorical appeal which he uses throughout the essay to achieve a link between himself and his reader core. This paper explains that by using the logic of the times to help his efforts, and by using the three rhetorical appeals - ethos, pathos, and logos - a longing for civil disobedience systematically ruled Thoreau's thought process in a time of racial and ethical tension.
From the Paper "In reference to his ethos, throughout the essay Thoreau establishes his credibility with his persona and tone. Referencing pathos, Thoreau substantiates his written word through interaction with the audience on an emotional level. Finally, in referencing logos, Thoreau has truly perfected the art of logical appeals, by dropping poetic reference in key passages of the essay throughout, and, of course, by using only his, and no one else's thoughts, as a reference to such highly controvercial topics as abolition and slavery."
Abstract This paper examines how and why certain ads are accepted or rejected by the media while also delving into who ultimately decides which ads are broadcast to the viewing public. The writer of this paper focuses on the most recent Super Bowl which was broadcast on the CBS television network while detailing the reasons behind two specific ads which were rejected due to their content. This paper delves into the First Amendment to the Constitution and its relevance to this particular topic. The paper also analyzes the rules and regulations stipulated by the Federal Communications Commission and its resulting impact on the advertising industry as a whole.
From the Paper "Although the Super Bowl is a public event that is the most watched TV program, it is a privately produced show and the choice of what ads to run rests with the network, a private company. Once CBS network bought the rights to broadcast the Super Bowl it had First Amendment rights to choose what it would or would not broadcast. Under the First Amendment CBS has the right to exercise its editorial judgment regarding the content of Super Bowl ads."
Abstract This paper examines why the New York Times banned cigarette advertising. The writer discusses how the banning of tobacco ads reduces the pressures on children to take up smoking and leaves room for advertisements warning the readers against the dangers of smoking. In addition the way in which banning of these ads may prevent nonsmokers who buy The New York Times, from involuntarily contributing to the tobacco industry, is also discussed.
From the Paper "Little by little, cigarette advertising has been disappearing from American newspapers and magazines. This trend began more than two years ago when the first national newspaper, The New York Times, officially banned tobacco advertising. At the same time, local newspapers such as the Seattle Times and Portland Organdie copied the national newspaper."
Abstract Advertising has long been associated with unreasonable claims, in fact, we have come to expect them. Advertisements quite often imply qualities about the products and people within the context of the ad that are simply impossible. Over the long-term, our culture has grown to accept advertisements as a fiction into which we are drawn for 30 seconds. During that time, the viewer suspends disbelief because of the formula at play and simply accepts the fiction that surrounds the product. In the realm of diet advertising, however, such fictions have turned out to be potentially dangerous or even deadly. Diet product and diet advertising has long made irrational claims about enormous changes in the body over impossibly short periods of time. Research shows that the level of false advertising in commercials for diets and diet products is staggeringly high. The FTC found that 55 percent of weight-loss ads make claims that lack proof or very likely are false (Eggerton, 2002). In fact, this problem has been ongoing since one of the first false-advertising in diet commercials claims was made; in 1993, the Federal Trade Commission charged that five of the nation's largest commercial diet-program companies have misled consumers by making unsubstantiated weight-loss claims and by using deceptive testimonials ("FTC Accuses Five Diet Programs of Deceptive Advertising", 1993; Cordes, 1993). It is proposed that research will demonstrate that the effect of false advertising (and thus false expectations) about diets and diet products has resulted in a greater health crisis in relation to weight than ever before.
Abstract This paper will discuss an ad that was taken off of the Internet and will describe its meaning to the product it sells and also give a reflection on how it may influence the customer into purchasing this service. The company called Sky Net Web will be the main subject of this description of an Ad and will be analyzed in the way that this company presents itself on the web.
This paper discusses the Australian not-for-profit ad campaign called YBeBlue, which is designed to help people recognize the symptoms of depression in themselves and in others, especially adolescents.
Abstract This paper explains that the ads's effectiveness is based on their ability to use the visual language of other youth-oriented ads to attract adolescents, a group highly likely to suffer from depression. The author points out that the YBeBlue campaign has linked its efforts to those of a number of for-profit companies, a strategy that is becoming increasingly common and can prove to be quite effective for the company concerned, as well as highly useful for the non-profit. The paper relates that the campaign uses television spots, a Web site, banners, and postcards distributed to schools, universities, government agencies, and health centers in a very directed strategy of distribution of information.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Different Type of Product
Adolescents Targeted By Depression
Using the Language of Young People to Talk to Young People
Moving From Television to Print
Cause-Related Advertising
From the Paper "The causes of depression include both biological and possibly genetic causes as well as a range of environmental ones. In many individuals, depression is caused by an interaction between biological and environmental (both personal and general) factors. Depression is categorized as an affective disorder, which means it is one of the forms of mental illness in which the defining characteristic is a mood disturbance. The affective changes in depression are a feeling of sadness (which matches with the popular understanding of the disorder), but it is also marked by feelings of guilt, helplessness and hopelessness. It is these last three that are at least as debilitating as the sadness itself."
Abstract This paper discusses the appeal made by David Walker to the American public not only to abolish slavery, but, once a slave had been freed, to accord that person all the rights the Biblical Joseph was granted by Egypt's Pharaoh when his servitude was completed. More specifically, however, it was directed toward men of color to rise up and take their place in society. The Biblical references of Walker's appeal are examined.
From the Paper "In pre-Civil War America, it was not unusual for abolitionists and slave-owners alike to use the Bible as justification for their beliefs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was the daughter of a clergyman; surely, the knowledge of the Bible's Old Testament she learned at her father's knee would have informed and even sparked the writing of her impassioned novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin. Two decades before Stowe's 1852 book, David Walker was using the Bible not as the impetus to fiction, but as a direct appeal to the American public not only to abolish slavery, but, once a slave had been freed, to accord that person all the rights the Biblical Joseph was granted by Egypt's Pharaoh when his servitude was completed. More specifically, however, it was directed toward men of color to rise up and take their place in society."
Abstract In this article, the writer presents an examination of a case in which the defendant in the case is found guilty and appeals. The writer notes that the element used for appeal rests in the fact that an undercover officer visited the convicted felon after he was arrested and incarcerated for the charge and the prosecution used conversations that occurred during those visits to help convict the defendant. The writer points out that the undercover officer never identified himself as a cop during the visits and these visits were before the trial. The writer explains that this means that the officer questioned the defendant after arrest and after being represented by an attorney but before the trial, which infringed on the defendant's right to be represented during all questioning.
Outline:
Issue
Rule
Apply
Conclusion
From the Paper "Once that arrest took place however and Bob was then indicted by the court system and the grand jury Bob was represented by an attorney of record. The law is very clear on the questioning of a person who is represented by an attorney. The issue surrounding the possible appeal of this case is the fact that Art did not at anytime identify himself as a cop during the visits to the jail following the indictment. There may also be some argument and merit to the fact that Art secretly taped the conversations that he had with Bob as in many states the taping of a conversation is illegal unless both parties are aware of the taping, however, there are some states, Tennessee for example, that allow taping if only one party is aware that the taping is occurring. Because the scenario does not discuss the state that this crime took place in it is wise to only argue the merit of Art visiting Bob and in that visit gathering information to use against him at his trial when he did not have an attorney present. At that point the argument is also valid that Art did not identify himself as a police officer thereby violating Bob's right to have counsel present during the visits or to even make the educated decision as to whether or not he wanted Art to visit him."
Abstract This paper compares magazine advertising of the 1920s and 1930s with magazine ads of the 1990s in the way each portrays contemporary views of race and gender in America. Advertising has always represented a mirror on society, sometimes reflecting the newest trends but more often showing the way that society sees itself at the time.
From the Paper "This paper compares magazine advertising of the 1920s and 1930s with magazine ads of the 1990s in the way each portrays contemporary views of race and gender in America. Advertising has always represented a mirror on society, sometimes reflecting the newest trends but more often showing the way that society sees itself at the time. During the 1920s, magazine advertising first became a major advertising tool, and its colorful pictures and even more colorful copy reflect the brash, loud confidence of a nation that had just won its first world war. The ads of the time reflect the growing independence women were experiencing, as they gained the right to vote and began to do in public what they had never before dared - smoking cigarettes, showing their legs, traveling on their own. The ads also reflect the continued subservience of blacks and other minorities; when they appeared.."
